CN109688199B - Multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, fragmentation method thereof and computer - Google Patents
Multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, fragmentation method thereof and computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains, and discloses a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, a fragmentation method thereof and a computer; the trusted authority can distribute the intelligent device identity identification to different fragments according to the intelligent device identity identification, the fragments are divided into main fragments and general fragments, and the main fragments and the general fragments are mapped with a central domain and a management domain of the platform one by one; the internet of things intelligent equipment P2P in the sub-slices is connected to establish a network, and the most important node of the identity in the network is elected as a cluster head node; each intelligent device of the Internet of things broadcasts the generated transaction to participants in the fragments, and the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol; each shard broadcasts the generated shard blocks to participants within the master shard, who execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol. By adopting the method and the device, the block chain transaction consensus performance can be improved almost linearly when the massive transaction requests are oriented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains, and particularly relates to a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, a fragmentation method thereof and a computer.
Background
The Internet of things is highly integrated and comprehensively applied to a new generation of information technology, and has important significance for green, intelligent and sustainable development of a new industrial revolution and an economic society. Currently, the internet of things is entering a new stage of cross-border fusion, and data generated by different internet of things systems and management domains are fused with each other in this stage to form a more powerful industrial industry. Therefore, a dedicated, large-scale cross-domain contribution platform is needed. Emerging block-chain technology is considered to be a very promising technology for building such platforms.
Transaction consensus throughput is a key performance of the blockchain, represented by the number of transactions per second recorded on the chain by the consensus algorithm. However, this performance is far from satisfying the instant storage of massive internet of things data. For example, the transaction consensus throughput of the mainstream alliance chain platform hyperhedgerfic in a network with the size of 4 does not exceed 2000TPS, and is much smaller than that of the existing centralized platform, such as Visa, 100000 TPS.
In order to improve the throughput of blockchain transaction consensus, some optimization methods have been proposed, wherein the slicing technique is a method for optimizing the serial transaction consensus process into the parallel transaction consensus process. For example, ELASTICO, by Luu et al, a public chain based fragmentation technique. ELASTICO fragments the public chain according to the network scale, and the block chain transaction performance improves almost linearly with the increase of the number of nodes in the network, but is designed based on the public chain. Adem et al propose Aspen, a service-oriented fragmentation technique. Aspen segments the public chain by service, and blockchain transaction performance is improved, but it is designed based on the public chain and is susceptible to but service limitations.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: at present, a block chain transaction consensus throughput optimization technology is difficult to transplant to a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, and the platform still has serious performance limitations, such as the fact that massive Internet of things data cannot be rapidly consensus-stored, data access requests cannot be timely processed and fed back, and the like. How to design a method to improve the transaction consensus throughput becomes one of the biggest technical problems of the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform.
Aiming at the characteristics of multi-identity identification, multi-domain mixing and the like of the Internet of things alliance chain, the invention designs a fragmentation technology suitable for a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform. The method comprises the steps of how to assign to the nodes based on the multi-domain partition, how to keep the dynamic access and platform characteristics of the nodes, how to establish a P2P network of the nodes in the chip, and how to realize a single-chain structure under the limited computing and storage resources.
With the arrival of the 3.0 era of the block chain, the 'block chain plus' becomes a new development direction of the block chain technology, and the block chain has good application potential and prospect due to the characteristics of decentralization, tamper resistance, traceability and the like. The fragmentation technology has important significance for improving the consensus throughput of blockchain transactions and is one of the greatest driving forces for promoting the landing of blockchains.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: at present, a block chain transaction consensus throughput optimization technology is difficult to be transplanted to a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, and great performance pressure is brought to the platform.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform, a fragmentation method thereof and a computer.
The invention is realized in such a way that a fragmentation method of a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform comprises the following steps: the platform nodes are divided into different fragments according to attribution, the platform nodes are the Internet of things intelligent equipment registered by a trust authority, and the fragments and the management domains of the Internet of things are mapped one by one; the internal node P2P of the segment is connected to establish a network; the node with the most important identity in the P2P network is selected as a cluster head node; the most important part nodes of the internal identity identification of the fragments execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol on the internal transaction of the fragments to generate fragment blocks; the identity identification is distributed by a trusted authority when the intelligent device is registered, the intra-chip transaction is initiated by a node in the fragment, and the fragment block is a to-be-processed block generated by a fragment cluster head node; and the main fragment executes the improved PBFT consensus protocol again on all fragment blocks, generates blocks and broadcasts the blocks to all platform nodes, wherein the main fragment consists of the nodes with the most important identity in each fragment, and the block is the final consensus result connected to the chain.
Further, the fragmentation method of the multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform comprises the following steps:
step one, a trusted authority distributes different fragments according to the identity of the intelligent equipment, wherein the fragments are divided into main fragments and general fragments, and the main fragments and the fragments are mapped with a central domain and a management domain of a platform one by one;
secondly, the Internet of things intelligent equipment P2P in the sub-chip is connected to establish a network, and the most important node of the identity in the network is elected as a cluster head node;
step three, each intelligent device of the Internet of things broadcasts the generated transaction to participants in the fragments, and the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol;
and step four, each fragment broadcasts the generated fragment block to a participant inside the main fragment, and the participant executes an improved PBFT consensus protocol.
Further, the third step specifically includes: the PBFT consensus protocol comprises the following steps:
(1) the leader collects transaction details among all the Internet of things intelligent devices in the fragments and writes the transaction details into a to-be-generated block list in an ordering mode according to transaction timestamps; broadcasting the list to all participants inside the fragment;
(2) after receiving the transaction list, the participants simulate all transactions in the execution list and generate an execution result abstract, and the abstract is broadcasted to all participants in the fragment;
(3) once a participant receives 2/3 identical digests of the number of participants, the participant sends a COMMIT message to the leader, and once the leader receives 2/3 COMMIT messages of the number of participants, a slice block is generated and broadcast to the smart devices inside the main slice.
Further, the fourth step is that the trusted authority guides the step of forming the sub-slices as follows:
(1) the trusted authority detects whether the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things is modified or whether the intelligent equipment is accessed to or exited from the platform;
(2) the trusted authority distributes the intelligent equipment identity of the new access platform to the corresponding fragments according to the identity of the intelligent equipment of the new access platform, and other operations are unchanged;
(3) the trusted authority shares the new shard information to the master shard.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-domain hierarchical internet of things alliance chain platform for implementing a fragmentation method of the multi-domain hierarchical internet of things alliance chain platform, wherein the multi-domain hierarchical internet of things alliance chain platform comprises:
the trusted authority is used for registering the intelligent equipment, distributing the identity and distributing the affiliation;
the management domain is used for managing the Internet of things intelligent equipment distributed in the domain, executing an improved PBFT consensus protocol, generating a fragmentation block and broadcasting the fragmentation block to the central domain;
the central domain is used for registering the management domain of the Internet of things, managing the running state of the management domain of the Internet of things, executing an improved PBFT consensus protocol, generating blocks and broadcasting the blocks to all platform nodes;
and the alliance chain is used for storing the hash value of the transaction details between the intelligent devices of the Internet of things, and the transaction comprises data generated by the intelligent devices and a platform cross-domain access control strategy.
Further, the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform comprises 1 trusted authority, 4 management domains, 1 central domain and 1 blockchain;
the trusted authority registers all the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, and user information of the equipment and characteristic information of the equipment are required to be input during registration; the trusted authority distributes equipment number, public and private key pairs, identity authority and home domain number information for the equipment according to the recorded information;
the trusted authority only interacts with the central domain and shares the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, including the identity identification of the intelligent equipment and the subordinate relationship of the management domain.
Furthermore, the multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform adopts layered management, the whole Internet of things alliance chain platform is divided into two levels, a central domain manages a plurality of management domains, the central domain and the management domains directly carry out data interaction or access control interaction, and the access control interaction between the management domains is forwarded through the central domain;
the domains are divided into physical domains and logical domains, each platform is a physical domain, and one physical domain is divided into a plurality of logical domains. Each domain has its own independent cluster head node, which is the most important intelligent device for managing the internal identification of the domain and is responsible for block generation and broadcasting.
The invention also aims to provide a computer applying the fragmentation method of the multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the method comprises the following steps: the platform nodes are divided into different fragments according to attribution, the platform nodes are the Internet of things intelligent equipment registered by a trust authority, and the fragments and the management domains of the Internet of things are mapped one by one; the internal node P2P of the segment is connected to establish a network; the node with the most important identity in the P2P network is selected as a cluster head node; the most important part nodes of the internal identity identification of the fragments execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol on the on-chip transaction of the most important part nodes to generate fragment blocks; the identity identification is distributed by a trusted authority when the intelligent device is registered, the intra-chip transaction is initiated by a node in the fragment, and the fragment block is a to-be-processed block generated by a fragment cluster head node; and the main fragment executes the improved PBFT consensus protocol again on all fragment blocks, generates blocks and broadcasts the blocks to all platform nodes, wherein the main fragment consists of the nodes with the most important identity in each fragment, and the block is the final consensus result which can be connected to the chain. By adopting the method and the device, the block chain transaction consensus performance can be improved almost linearly when the massive transaction requests are oriented. The technical effects brought by the invention are as follows:
| number of slices (number) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
| Throughput (TPS) | 500 | 960 | 1800 | 3410 | 6750 |
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a fragmentation method of a multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-domain hierarchical internet of things alliance chain platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a platform-specific fragmentation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a network simulation flowchart of a fragmentation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a general slice internal connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of internal connection of a main slice provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an improved PBFT consensus algorithm provided by embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a comparison result of an experimental simulation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
At present, a block chain transaction consensus throughput optimization technology is difficult to be transplanted to a multi-domain Internet of things alliance chain platform, and great performance pressure is brought to the platform. By adopting the method and the device, the block chain transaction consensus performance can be improved almost linearly when the massive transaction requests are oriented.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the fragmentation method for a multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: the trusted authority can distribute the intelligent equipment identity to different fragments according to the intelligent equipment identity, the fragments are divided into main fragments and general fragments, and the main fragments and the fragments are mapped with a central domain and a management domain of the platform one by one;
s102: the internet of things intelligent equipment P2P in the sub-slices is connected to establish a network, and the most important node of the identity in the network is elected as a cluster head node;
s103: each intelligent device of the Internet of things broadcasts the generated transaction to participants in the fragments, and the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol;
s104: each shard broadcasts the generated shard blocks to participants within the master shard, who execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform structure provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 2 and comprises 1 trusted authority, 4 management domains, 1 central domain and 1 block chain. The trusted authority is only responsible for registering the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things and distributing identity marks to the intelligent equipment; the management domain respectively manages the Internet of things intelligent equipment distributed in the domain, collects transaction details among the intelligent equipment in the domain as a block chain fragment and executes consensus to generate a fragment block, wherein the transaction details comprise information such as data generated by the intelligent equipment and a platform cross-domain access control strategy; the central domain registers the management domain of the Internet of things, manages the running state of the management domain of the Internet of things, and is used as a fragment block generated by collecting the fragments by a main fragment and executing consensus generation and broadcasting blocks; the federation chain stores hash values of transaction details between the smart devices in the form of a chain.
The trusted authority registers all the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, and information such as user information of the equipment and characteristic information of the equipment needs to be input during registration; the trusted authority can also distribute information such as equipment numbers, public and private key pairs, identity authorities, home domain numbers and the like to the equipment according to the recorded information.
The trusted authority only interacts with the central domain and shares the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, including the identity identification of the intelligent equipment and the subordinate relationship of the management domain.
The invention adopts hierarchical management, the whole Internet of things alliance chain platform is divided into two stages according to requirements, a central domain manages a plurality of management domains, the central domain and the management domains directly carry out data interaction or access control interaction, and the access control interaction between the management domains is forwarded through the central domain.
The domains are divided into physical domains and logical domains, each platform is a physical domain, and one physical domain is divided into a plurality of logical domains. Each domain has its own independent cluster head node, which is the most important intelligent device for managing the internal identification of the domain and is responsible for block generation and broadcasting.
By default, a platform has one central domain, and one central domain contains four administrative domains. One central domain interacts with a unique authentication registration trusted authority, and the trusted authority is responsible for registration and identity identification of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things in the domain; the central domain is provided with a unique authentication registration management server which is responsible for management domain registration, authority management and block generation in the domain; the management domain is a basic unit of intelligent device transaction, interaction comprises data exchange and data access, and the transaction details can be hashed to generate a fragmentation block; the essence of the alliance chain is a distributed shared account book, which can record the hash value of the transaction details of the platform intelligent device and maintain the public credibility of the platform.
The flow of the fragmentation method special for the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, the Internet of things intelligent equipment which is registered on a multi-domain layered Internet of things block chain platform is distributed to different fragments by a trusted authority according to the identity of the intelligent equipment, the fragments are divided into main fragments and general fragments (fragments for short), and the main fragments and the fragments are mapped with a central domain and a management domain of the platform one by one;
secondly, internet-of-things intelligent devices P2P in the fragments are connected to establish a network, the most important node of the identity in the network is elected as a cluster head node, the established P2P network is a directed half P2P connection, all the intelligent devices point to the cluster head node through the shortest path as shown in FIG. 5, a limited number of intelligent devices with important identities in the fragments and the cluster head node are connected to establish the network in a pure P2P mode as shown in FIG. 6, in the consensus process, the nodes are called participants (called participants for short), and the cluster head node is called leader;
step three, each intelligent device of the internet of things broadcasts the generated transaction to participants in the fragments, the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol, and the protocol flow is shown in fig. 7, and the method includes the following steps:
(1) the leader collects transaction details among all Internet of things intelligent devices in the fragments, writes the transaction details into a to-be-generated block list according to the transaction time stamps in a sequencing mode, and then broadcasts the list to all participants in the fragments;
(2) after receiving the transaction list, the participants simulate all transactions in the execution list and generate an execution result abstract, and then broadcast the abstract to all participants in the fragment;
(3) once a participant receives 2/3 identical digests of the number of participants, the participant sends a COMMIT message to the leader, and once the leader receives 2/3 COMMIT messages of the number of participants, a slice block is generated and broadcast to the intelligent devices inside the main slice.
Step four, each fragment broadcasts the generated fragment block to participants in the main fragment, the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol, the protocol flow step three shows, a leader of the main fragment broadcasts the generated block to all the participants, and then the participants broadcast the block to all the intelligent devices of the internet of things in the management domain.
The trusted authority directs the formation of the patches by the following steps:
(1) the trusted authority detects whether the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things is modified or whether the intelligent equipment is accessed to or exited from the platform;
(2) the trusted authority distributes the intelligent equipment identity of the new access platform to the corresponding fragments according to the identity of the intelligent equipment of the new access platform, and other operations are unchanged;
(3) the trusted authority shares the new shard information to the master shard.
The fragments allow the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things to enter and exit dynamically, and part of the P2P network is supplemented or removed in the fragments each time according to new fragment information.
The time stamp records the time of transaction initiation, the limited intelligent equipment with important identity is the intelligent equipment with important identity which is selected according to the expandability performance of the PBFT consensus protocol, the number of the internal parts of the fragments is not more than 20, the fragment blocks cannot be directly connected to the chain, and final consensus of the main fragments is needed.
The application effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the simulation.
The method is realized based on a MicroThings micro intelligent platform and a Fabric alliance chain platform, the number of designed management domains of the Internet of things is 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16, each designed management domain comprises 20 pieces of intelligent equipment of the Internet of things with identity marks, each designed management domain has one intelligent equipment to be added or quit in each block generation period, and each designed block generation period comprises a newly generated transaction rate of 600 strokes/second and a consensus period of 150 seconds. The experimental simulation comparison results are shown in fig. 8.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fragmentation method of a multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform is characterized by comprising the following steps: the platform nodes are divided into different fragments according to attribution, the platform nodes are the Internet of things intelligent equipment registered by a trust authority, and the fragments and the management domains of the Internet of things are mapped one by one; the internal node P2P of the segment is connected to establish a network; the node with the most important identity in the P2P network is selected as a cluster head node; the most important part nodes of the internal identity identification of the fragments execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol on the internal transaction of the fragments to generate fragment blocks; the identity identification is distributed by a trusted authority when the intelligent device is registered, the intra-chip transaction is initiated by a node in the fragment, and the fragment block is a to-be-processed block generated by a fragment cluster head node; the main fragment executes the improved PBFT consensus protocol again on all fragment blocks, generates blocks and broadcasts the blocks to all platform nodes, the main fragment consists of the most important nodes of the identity marks in all fragments, and the block is the final consensus result connected to the chain;
the fragmentation method of the multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform comprises the following steps:
step one, a trusted authority distributes different fragments according to the identity of the intelligent equipment, wherein the fragments are divided into main fragments and general fragments, and the main fragments and the fragments are mapped with a central domain and a management domain of a platform one by one;
secondly, the Internet of things intelligent equipment P2P in the sub-chip is connected to establish a network, and the most important node of the identity in the network is elected as a cluster head node;
step three, each intelligent device of the Internet of things broadcasts the generated transaction to participants in the fragments, and the participants execute an improved PBFT consensus protocol;
step four, each fragment broadcasts the generated fragment block to a participant in the main fragment, and the participant executes an improved PBFT consensus protocol;
the third step specifically comprises: the PBFT consensus protocol comprises the following steps:
(1) the leader collects transaction details among all the Internet of things intelligent devices in the fragments and writes the transaction details into a to-be-generated block list in an ordering mode according to transaction timestamps; broadcasting the list to all participants inside the fragment;
(2) after receiving the transaction list, the participants simulate all transactions in the execution list and generate an execution result abstract, and the abstract is broadcasted to all participants in the fragment;
(3) once a participant receives 2/3 identical digests of the number of participants, the participant sends a COMMIT message to the leader, and once the leader receives 2/3 COMMIT messages of the number of participants, a slice block is generated and broadcast to the smart devices inside the main slice.
2. The method for fragmenting a multi-domain layered internet of things alliance-link platform as claimed in claim 1 wherein said four trusted authorities direct the fragmentation formation steps as follows:
(1) the trusted authority detects whether the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things is modified or whether the intelligent equipment is accessed to or exited from the platform;
(2) the trusted authority distributes the intelligent equipment identity of the new access platform to the corresponding fragments according to the identity of the intelligent equipment of the new access platform, and other operations are unchanged;
(3) the trusted authority shares the new shard information to the master shard.
3. A multi-domain layered internet of things alliance-link platform for implementing the fragmentation method of the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance-link platform of claim 1, wherein the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance-link platform comprises:
the trusted authority is used for registering the intelligent equipment, distributing the identity and distributing the affiliation;
the management domain is used for managing the Internet of things intelligent equipment distributed in the domain, executing an improved PBFT consensus protocol, generating a fragmentation block and broadcasting the fragmentation block to the central domain;
the central domain is used for registering the management domain of the Internet of things, managing the running state of the management domain of the Internet of things, executing an improved PBFT consensus protocol, generating blocks and broadcasting the blocks to all platform nodes;
and the alliance chain is used for storing the hash value of the transaction details between the intelligent devices of the Internet of things, and the transaction comprises data generated by the intelligent devices and a platform cross-domain access control strategy.
4. The multi-domain, hierarchical internet of things, federation chain platform of claim 3, wherein the multi-domain, hierarchical internet of things, federation chain platform comprises 1 trusted authority, 4 administrative domains, 1 central domain, and 1 blockchain;
the trusted authority registers all the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, and user information of the equipment and characteristic information of the equipment are required to be input during registration; the trusted authority distributes equipment number, public and private key pairs, identity authority and home domain number information for the equipment according to the recorded information;
the trusted authority only interacts with the central domain and shares the registration information of the intelligent equipment of the Internet of things, including the identity identification of the intelligent equipment and the subordinate relationship of the management domain.
5. The multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform of claim 3, wherein the multi-domain layered internet of things alliance chain platform adopts layered management, the whole internet of things alliance chain platform is divided into two levels, a central domain manages a plurality of management domains, the central domain and the management domains directly perform data interaction or access control interaction, and the access control interaction between the management domains is forwarded through the central domain;
the domain is divided into a physical domain and a logical domain, each platform is a physical domain, and one physical domain is divided into a plurality of logical domains; each domain has its own independent cluster head node, which is the most important intelligent device for managing the internal identification of the domain and is responsible for block generation and broadcasting.
6. A computer applying the fragmentation method of the multi-domain layered Internet of things alliance chain platform of any one of claims 1-2.
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| CN110166220B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | 山东公链信息科技有限公司 | Slicing method for slicing according to hash value of partition key |
| CN110166567B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-10-08 | 长春理工大学 | Block chain-based Internet of things resource sharing method and system |
| CN110400140A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-11-01 | 西安电子科技大学 | Layering fragment exchange information processing method and application based on Fabric |
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