CN109687277B - Compact laser system for atomic interferometer - Google Patents
Compact laser system for atomic interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109687277B CN109687277B CN201910170692.7A CN201910170692A CN109687277B CN 109687277 B CN109687277 B CN 109687277B CN 201910170692 A CN201910170692 A CN 201910170692A CN 109687277 B CN109687277 B CN 109687277B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000960 laser cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1304—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by using an active reference, e.g. second laser, klystron or other standard frequency source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
- H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer, which consists of a control system and a laser system, wherein the control system controls the laser system through a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative circuit, a lock-in amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator. The laser system emits 780nm laser through a diode laser in a fiber coupled diode laser module (FDL), and then is coupled into a PM fiber after FDL processing. The laser beam from the FDL is processed through a fiber coupled optical isolator module to obtain better isolation. The laser beam is then split into two parts by a fiber-coupled splitter module. A portion of the laser beam is used to control the locking and adjustment of the system to the laser frequency. Another portion of the laser beam is used to generate a cooling beam, a purge beam, a re-pump beam, and a raman beam pair. The laser system has the advantages of small volume, stable laser frequency and the like, and has good application prospect in the portable atomic interferometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser sources, and particularly relates to a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer.
Background
Atomic interferometers have been used to measure gravity, gravity gradients, and rotation. High-precision atomic interferometers have potential applications in technology and basic physics. Laser systems are important subsystems of atomic interferometers. Compact, rugged, and portable atomic interferometers can be used for field and space applications, but typically laser systems are complex and bulky. Portable atomic interferometers therefore require a simple and compact laser system design.
In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop compact laser systems for atomic interferometers. On the one hand, integrated laser systems in free space are designed, wherein the optical elements are designed and integrated in a stable optical module, and all the lasers required in the atomic interferometer are provided by this module. Such carefully designed optical modules are very stable and compact but are difficult to adjust when certain optical elements are damaged or need to be replaced. On the other hand, a laser system based on a fiber stage is also proposed. These laser systems obtain laser frequencies matching the alkali metal atomic transitions from fiber lasers by frequency doubling techniques. Meanwhile, several techniques have been used to reduce the number of components included in the laser system. A laser system having only two laser sources is designed by using a frequency beat tone locking method. And by using an offset sideband locking technique, in these laser systems the output laser is alternately used for laser cooling, raman transition and detection. The reduction in the number of laser sources or optical amplifiers can make the laser system more compact.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention constructs a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer using only one diode laser. By using such a simple laser system, all functions of atom capture, interferometry and detection can be achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer, comprising:
the control system comprises: the device comprises a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) circuit, a lock-in amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator.
A laser system: the device comprises a fiber coupling diode laser module, a fiber coupling optical isolator module, a fiber coupling beam splitter module, a fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module, a fiber coupler A, a Doppler-free polarization spectrum module, a fiber coupler B, an acousto-optic modulator module, a reflector, a fiber coupler C, an electro-optical modulator module, a light beam 1, a light beam 2, a light beam 3 and a light beam 4.
The control system is used for locking and adjusting the laser frequency by a feedback mechanism consisting of a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID), a locking amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator. The specific method comprises the following steps:
a part of laser beams generated by the fiber coupling beam splitter module generate sidebands through the fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module, and then a 6.25MHz sinusoidal signal added by a voltage controlled crystal oscillator modulates driving microwaves of the fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module. With this method, the frequency of the sidebands is modulated at the same frequency, while the carrier is not affected. The saturated absorption signal is then demodulated by a lock-in amplifier. The frequency of the sidebands is locked to any saturation absorption peak by processing the demodulated error signal using a proportional integral derivative circuit and feeding it back to the laser diode current controller.
For atomic interferometer applications, because only one diode laser is used in this laser system, the frequency of the laser must be moved rapidly over a large range. We do this by sweeping the microwave frequency of the fibre-coupled electro-optic modulator module and keeping the-1 st order sideband locked during the sweep, and then the frequency of the carrier wave is shifted accordingly. During the frequency shift, the current of the diode laser is passively changed to follow the shift. And we add effective feedback to the current of the diode laser to avoid losing lock due to too high a scan rate. This method can achieve a frequency shift of 578MHz or even higher in 10 ms.
The fiber coupling diode laser module consists of a diode laser, an optical isolator and a half-wave plate, and laser generated by the diode laser is coupled into the fiber through the optical isolator and the half-wave plate for transmission. The laser passes through a fiber-coupled optical isolator to achieve better isolation.
The fiber coupling beam splitter module splits a laser beam into two parts, wherein one part of the laser beam is used for frequency modulation and frequency locking. The other part generates the laser beam required by the system.
The other part of the laser beam is coupled to the fiber coupling acousto-optic modulator module through the fiber coupler, the laser beam is divided into two beams through the module, one part of the laser beam is not reflected by a reflector, and the part of the laser beam is used for generating a beam 1 and a beam 2, namely cooling laser and purging laser. Wherein a cooling laser is used for cooling the atoms and a purge laser is used to select the atoms into a magnetically insensitive state. The other part of the laser is reflected by a reflector and coupled to an electro-optical modulator module through a fiber coupler C to generate a beam 3 and a beam 4, i.e. a re-pumping light and raman beam pair. The re-pumped light is laser light generated by an electro-optical modulator module for atomic excitation. The raman beam pair is formed by a carrier and a first order sideband from an electro-optic modulator block for manipulating atoms.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the concrete flow of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a compact laser system for an atomic interferometer. The compact laser system of the present invention comprises:
the control system comprises: the device comprises a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) circuit, a lock-in amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator.
A laser system: the device comprises a fiber coupling diode laser module, a fiber coupling optical isolator module, a fiber coupling beam splitter module, a fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module, a fiber coupler A, a Doppler-free polarization spectrum module, a fiber coupler B, an acousto-optic modulator module, a reflector, a fiber coupler C, an electro-optical modulator module, a light beam 1, a light beam 2, a light beam 3 and a light beam 4.
The control system is used for locking and adjusting the laser frequency by a feedback mechanism consisting of a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID), a locking amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator. The specific method comprises the following steps:
a part of laser beams generated by the fiber coupling beam splitter module generate sidebands through the fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module, and then a 6.25MHz sinusoidal signal added by a voltage controlled crystal oscillator modulates driving microwaves of the fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module. With this method, the frequency of the sidebands is modulated at the same frequency, while the carrier is not affected. The saturated absorption signal is then demodulated by a lock-in amplifier. The frequency of the sidebands is locked to any saturation absorption peak by processing the demodulated error signal using a proportional integral derivative circuit and feeding it back to the laser diode current controller.
For atomic interferometer applications, because only one diode laser is used in this laser system, the frequency of the laser must be moved rapidly over a large range. We do this by sweeping the microwave frequency of the fibre-coupled electro-optic modulator module and keeping the-1 st order sideband locked during the sweep, and then the frequency of the carrier wave is shifted accordingly. During the frequency shift, the current of the diode laser is passively changed to follow the shift. And we add effective feedback to the current of the diode laser to avoid losing lock due to too high a scan rate. This method can achieve a frequency shift of 578MHz or even higher in 10 ms.
The fiber coupling diode laser module consists of a diode laser, an optical isolator and a half-wave plate, and laser generated by the diode laser is coupled into the fiber through the optical isolator and the half-wave plate for transmission. The laser passes through a fiber-coupled optical isolator to achieve better isolation.
The fiber coupling beam splitter module splits a laser beam into two parts, wherein one part of the laser beam is used for frequency modulation and frequency locking. The other part generates the laser beam required by the system.
And a part of laser beams divided by the fiber coupling beam splitter module are locked and adjusted by a closed-loop control mechanism consisting of the fiber coupling electro-optical modulator module, the fiber coupler A, the Doppler-free polarization spectrum module and the control system. Wherein the Doppler-free polarization spectrum module is used for temporarily locking the laser frequency so that the laser can be transmitted to a lock-in amplifier in the control system.
The other part of the laser beam is coupled to the fiber coupling acousto-optic modulator module through the fiber coupler, the laser beam is divided into two beams through the module, one part of the laser beam is not reflected by a reflector, and the part of the laser beam is used for generating a beam 1 and a beam 2, namely cooling laser and purging laser. Wherein a cooling laser is used for cooling the atoms and a purge laser is used to select the atoms into a magnetically insensitive state. The other part of the laser is reflected by a reflector and coupled to an electro-optical modulator module through a fiber coupler C to generate a beam 3 and a beam 4, i.e. a re-pumping light and raman beam pair. The re-pumped light is laser light generated by an electro-optical modulator module for atomic excitation. The raman beam pair is formed by a carrier and a first order sideband from an electro-optic modulator block for manipulating atoms.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications and variations within the technical scope of the present invention, which may be made by those skilled in the art, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A compact laser system for an atomic interferometer, comprising:
the control system comprises: the laser current controller comprises a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative circuit, a lock-in amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator;
a laser system: the device comprises an optical fiber coupling diode laser module, an optical fiber coupling optical isolator module, an optical fiber coupling beam splitter module, an optical fiber coupling electro-optic modulator module, an optical fiber coupler A, a Doppler-free polarization spectrum module, an optical fiber coupler B, an acousto-optic modulator module, a reflector, an optical fiber coupler C, an electro-optic modulator module, a light beam 1, a light beam 2, a light beam 3 and a light beam 4;
the fiber coupling diode laser module consists of a diode laser, an optical isolator and a half-wave plate, and laser generated by the diode laser is coupled into the fiber through the optical isolator and the half-wave plate for transmission;
the optical fiber coupling beam splitter module splits the laser beam into two parts, wherein one part of the laser beam is used for frequency modulation and frequency locking, and the other part of the laser beam generates the laser beam required by the system; the control system is used for locking and adjusting the laser frequency by a feedback mechanism consisting of a data acquisition card, a laser diode current controller, a proportional-integral-derivative circuit, a lock-in amplifier and a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator, and the specific method is as follows:
a part of laser beams generated by the optical fiber coupling beam splitter module generate sidebands through the optical fiber coupling electro-optic modulator module, then 6.25MHz sinusoidal signals added by the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator modulate driving microwaves of the optical fiber coupling electro-optic modulator module, by the method, the frequencies of the sidebands are modulated at the same frequency, but carrier waves are not influenced, then saturated absorption signals are demodulated through a locking amplifier, demodulated error signals are processed by using a proportional-integral-derivative circuit and fed back to a laser diode current controller, and the frequencies of the sidebands are locked to any saturated absorption peak value;
the beam 1 and the beam 2 respectively represent cooling laser and purging laser, and are generated by a part of laser beams after the laser beams pass through the acousto-optic modulator module, the purging laser has the function of selecting atoms to enter a magnetic insensitive state, and the cooling laser is used for cooling the atoms; the laser beam reflected by the reflector is coupled by the optical fiber coupler C and then enters the electro-optical modulator module to generate a beam 3 and a beam 4 which respectively represent a re-pumping light and Raman beam pair, the re-pumping light is generated by the laser through the electro-optical modulator module and is used for atom excitation, and the Raman beam pair is formed by a carrier and a first-order sideband from the electro-optical modulator module and is used for manipulating atoms.
2. The compact laser system of claim 1, wherein the fiber-coupled optical isolator module provides improved isolation of the laser beam.
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| CN201910170692.7A CN109687277B (en) | 2019-03-07 | 2019-03-07 | Compact laser system for atomic interferometer |
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| CN109687277B true CN109687277B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
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| CN110686663B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Two-degree-of-freedom atomic interference gyroscope |
| US10951002B1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-03-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Bichromatic laser for quantum computing applications |
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| WO2013040041A2 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-21 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Directly driven source of multi-gigahertz, sub-picosecond optical pulses |
| CN104378113A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Microwave frequency source device for Raman laser system of atom interferometer |
| CN106025786B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-01-25 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of optical-electronic oscillator and its frequency-stabilizing method |
| CN107328355B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2023-06-23 | 中科酷原科技(武汉)有限公司 | Integrated optical system for cold atom interferometer |
| CN107946896B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2019-09-27 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilizing system of heterodyne system phase-sensitive detection |
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