CN109682989A - Agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven certainly based on friction nanometer power generator - Google Patents

Agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven certainly based on friction nanometer power generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109682989A
CN109682989A CN201811624297.3A CN201811624297A CN109682989A CN 109682989 A CN109682989 A CN 109682989A CN 201811624297 A CN201811624297 A CN 201811624297A CN 109682989 A CN109682989 A CN 109682989A
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China
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air velocity
velocity transducer
sleeve
friction
connecting rod
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CN201811624297.3A
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CN109682989B (en
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孙炎辉
杜海英
侯腾跃
隋东均
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Quanzhou Huiren Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Dalian Nationalities University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/08Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00Details of instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/08Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
    • G01P5/083Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect by using electronic circuits for measuring the dynamoelectric effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04Friction generators

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven certainly based on friction nanometer power generator, belong to agriculture intelligence, environment protection field, in order to solve agriculture measuring wind speed and be collected to it and be translated into friction electricity, the problem of convenient for storing, including wind-force nano friction generator, air velocity transducer system, the air velocity transducer system includes rectification circuit, energy storage device, wind-force nano friction generator generates ac signal, ac signal is rectified into the pulsating direct current electric signal that exchange is mixed with direct current by rectification circuit, pulsating direct current electric signal is for calculating wind speed, and if necessary by energy storage device by part power storage in energy storage device, effect is to convert and store electric energy.

Description

Agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven certainly based on friction nanometer power generator
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture intelligence, environment protection field, are related to a kind of agriculture object of driving certainly based on friction nanometer power generator Networking air velocity transducer.
Background technique
In addition to the light of nature, heat, water, gas are advantageous to agricultural production, wind is also one of environmental factor of agricultural production, just Normal wind has effect to agricultural production very much, and wherein wind speed appropriateness plays an important role to farm environment condition is improved.So to wind Speed and wind direction are measured and can be very helpful to agricultural.Therefore it needs to carry out timely monitor to wind speed, now used in monitoring Sensor is mainly based upon the air velocity transducer that heat principle of transfer or differential pressure principle are constituted, and is agroclimate automatic monitor station wind Parameter measurement important equipment.
In addition, in recent years to ambient mechanical can collection be increasingly becoming the hot spot and again of the energy and investigation of materials field Point.Wherein, wind energy has abundant distribution in many regions in the world as a kind of large-scale renewable energy.Relative to too Sun can to the heavy dependence of time and environment, wind energy almost day and night, the variation moment of season and climatic environment is present in People are at one's side.Unfortunately, due to the limitation of region, this sustainable green energy resource of wind energy is on many countries and ground Area is not all developed and used effectively.
Therefore how producing can will utilize wind energy transformation to be electric energy and measure the device of wind speed as of the invention Research emphasis.
Now, sensor used in the monitoring for wind speed is mainly based upon ultrasonic wave time difference method principle or differential pressure principle is constituted Air velocity transducer.Ultrasound wind speed is that spread speed is affected by wind and surveys wind speed in air using ultrasonic wave;Difference Pressure measuring principle is to measure wind speed size by measuring the difference of distinguished and admirable caused dynamic pressure and static pressure.
In terms of wind-power electricity generation, traditional wind generator system structure is generally by wind wheel, generator, tail vane and electrical control division Divide equal constitute.Traditional wind power generating set mostly adds AC/DC converter, electric power storage by influence generator or magneto alternator Pond, inverter composition.Under the blowing of wind, wind wheel is rotated, and air force is enable to be transformed to mechanical energy (revolving speed+torsion Square).The wheel hub of wind wheel is fixed on generator shaft, the rotation of generator shaft of the rotate driving of wind wheel, drives permanent magnet three-phase hair Motor issues three-phase alternating current.The continuous of wind speed changes, is suddenly big or suddenly small, and the electric current and voltage that generator issues are also with variation. The electricity of sending passes through the rectification of controller, becomes the direct current with certain voltage by alternating current, and filled to battery Electricity.The direct current exported from battery group is used to power for other equipment device.
On the one hand, for the air velocity transducer system of existing application, no matter the wind speed based on that measuring technique is sensed Device, for the air velocity transducer for independently maintaining itself continuous work, powerup issue becomes the bottleneck for restraining the development of its network type. Because power supply system volume and quantity are excessively huge, or even are much larger than sensing network itself.On the other hand, existing wind-power electricity generation Machine is there is also drawback, and the wind-driven generator reported in recent years is mainly based on common induction generator.In order to obtain Higher output power and transfer efficiency, the general volume of wind turbine equipment based on induction generator is big, heavy, Therefore, it is difficult to large-scale integrateds.To further increase the complexity and manufacturing cost of generator.In traditional sensing network In, power supply system volume and quantity are excessively huge, or even are much larger than sensing network itself.
Summary of the invention
It is convenient for storage to solve the problem of agriculture measuring wind speed and collect to it and be translated into friction electricity, it is right In the electricity of wind speed measurement from itself is measured, the present invention provides one kind to be generated electricity based on wind drive rotating disc type nano friction Machine to calculate wind speed, and can be stored up electric energy using the ac signal for the different frequency that the nano friction generator generates It deposits, for other sensors power supplies, to solve the self-powered of sensing system or from driving problems.
A kind of sending out from the agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer of driving, including wind-force nano friction based on friction nanometer power generator Motor, air velocity transducer system, the air velocity transducer system include rectification circuit, energy storage device, wind-force nano friction hair Motor generates ac signal, and ac signal is rectified into the pulsating direct current telecommunications that exchange is mixed with direct current by rectification circuit Number, pulsating direct current electric signal for calculating wind speed, and if necessary by energy storage device by part power storage in energy storage device.
Further, it is powered if necessary by consuming components of the Rectified alternating current to air velocity transducer system.
Further, wind-force nano friction generator, connecting rod, sleeve, blade circle including bottom with circular base plate Disk, circular base plate, electrode, conducting wire, sleeve are socketed in solid connecting rod periphery, upper cartridge along sleeve it is radially connected have it is several Connecting rod, the end of connecting rod are hemi-spherical fan blades, and leaf disk is socketed and is fastened on the periphery of sleeve, leaf disk and circular base plate Opposite face be provided with electrode, an electrode is covered with friction material, and an electrode growth has nanosize metal oxide, blade circle The opposite face contact of disk and circular base plate, and leaf disk rotates with sleeve and makes friction material and nanosize metal oxide The position of pivoting friction, leaf disk and barrel contacts coats silver paste in the corresponding position of connecting rod, and silver paste connects with sleeve lining Touching is used for the groove of conductor wiring in connecting rod setting, and the starting ends of a conducting wire are contacted with silver paste, and by connection boom end It draws, another conducting wire is drawn by circular base plate.
Further, the sleeve is insulator sleeve, and the position contacted with leaf disk is conductor.
Further, the electrode of the circular base plate is the gold-plated of its surface, and friction material is PET film;Described The electrode of leaf disk is the gold-plated of its surface, and nanosize metal oxide is ZnO nanorod;ZnO nanorod forms ZnO nano For array in Au electrode growth, organic polymer PDMS wraps up aggregation growth in ZnO nano array appearance, etches organic polymer The tip of PDMS and exposure ZnO nanorod.
Further, air velocity transducer system, including rectification circuit, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), V/F conversion circuit, counter, Filter regulator circuit, electric storage device, two conducting wires are connected to the two poles of the earth of rectification circuit, and it is double that the output of rectification circuit is connected to hilted broadsword The moved end of throw switch, one end connection V/F conversion circuit of the non-moving end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), V/F conversion circuit linkage counter, The other end of non-moving end connects filter regulator circuit, and filter regulator circuit connects electric storage device.
Further, the connecting rod is solid connecting rod, and groove thereon is 5mm groove, a length of 10cm of connecting rod, Cross-sectional diameter is 20mm, and the diameter of circular base plate is 8cm, with a thickness of 1cm.
Further, a length of 10.6cm of sleeve, cross section are concentric circles, and outside diameter 23mm, interior circular diameter is 21mm, Be between inside and outside circle it is solid, connecting rod, which has, and is evenly distributed on sleeve, a length of 5cm of connecting rod by four, and hemi-spherical fan blade diameter is The diameter of 4cm, leaf disk are 8cm, with a thickness of 0.6cm.
Further, voltage signal is converted to pulse signal, pulse by V/F conversion circuit, including LM331 chip, LM331 Signal is sent to the counting/timing port of 89C51, is received by controller to frequency signal, handles, stores, and will output with LED charactrons connection sorts out analog signal, analog signal to digital signal according to the measuring and calculating of the interval of collected frequency data Output digit signals are observed in conversion, and correspondence calculates different wind speed.
Further, filter regulator circuit includes capacitor, and Rectified alternating current is more smooth by capacitor filtering generation Direct current obtains more stable DC signal by LM317 voltage regulator circuit.
The utility model has the advantages that above scheme, on the one hand, compared with traditional air velocity transducer, powerup issue becomes its network type The bottleneck of development, the volume and quantity of power supply system are excessively huge, or even are much larger than sensing network, and agricultural aspect automates agriculture The development of industry keeps demand of the people to sensing network growing, and therefore, the present invention utilizes wind-force nano friction generator and wind It is excessively huge to solve sensing network power supply system by the self-powered of air velocity transducer and from driving for the structure that fast sensor combines Big problem.With important scientific meaning and actual application value.On the other hand, it is compared with classics electromagnetic generator, The highly efficient TENG of friction nanometer power generator at low frequency can be used to collect life in slattern originally it is various forms of Mechanical energy realizes from driving function solve the problems, such as that large-scale sensing network power supply is difficult, improve the new of induced current generation Mode and new mechanism.The present invention utilizes wind power generation, develops and uses this sustainable green energy resource of wind energy effectively.And Can agricultural aspect be used, with intelligent agriculture and electrified universal, this low-power consumption sensor system will be risen To increasingly important role.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 single unit system illustraton of model;
The solid connecting rod schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 sleeve schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 A module overall effect figure;
Fig. 5 leaf disk schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 circular base plate schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 B module circuit diagram;
Fig. 8 power generation mode process schematic;
Nano friction generator exports current graph under Fig. 9 different rotating speeds;
Nano friction generator output voltage figure under Figure 10 different rotating speeds;
The internal circuit diagram of Figure 11 LM331;
Figure 12 voltage change figure.
Wherein: 1. circular base plates, 2. connecting rods, 3. sleeves, 4. leaf disks, 5. electrodes, 6. conducting wire, 1,7. conducting wire 2,8. Hemi-spherical fan blade, 9. grooves, 10.PET film, 11. machine polymer P DMS, 12.ZnO nano-arrays.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment.
The control of following English names and its Chinese name for listing abbreviation used in embodiment.
PDMS: English name: polydimethylsiloxane Chinese name: dimethyl silicone polymer
PET: English name: Polyethylene terephthalate Chinese name: polyethylene terephthalate
The present embodiment provides a kind of self-powered air velocity transducer devices, specifically, say a kind of based on friction nanometer generating Machine drives agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, including two modules certainly, and single unit system is as shown in Figure 1, A module is wind-force nanometer Friction generator, comprising:
Solid connecting rod 2 with circular base plate 1 has 5mm groove 9 on solid 2 surface of connecting rod,
Sleeve 3, has leaf disk 4 below sleeve 3,3 upper belt of sleeve there are four hemi-spherical fan blade 8,
Electrode 5 and conducting wire.
B module is air velocity transducer system, comprising: V/F translation circuit, current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, conducting wire, chargeable lithium electricity Wind speed is calculated and for other sensors power elements in system in pond, the alternating current wire size generated using A module.
In more detail, the A module:
Solid connecting rod 2: a length of 10cm, the solid hopkinson bar that cross-sectional diameter is 20mm;The groove that depth is 5mm is carved on bar 9, it is used for extraction wire;It is 8cm, the circular base plate 1 with a thickness of 1cm that diameter is had below bar, and the upper surface of circular base plate 1 is first plated There is Au, as electrode 5;It is covered with one layer of PET film 10 on the surface Au, as friction material, when generating negative charge inducing with top Friction material when generating friction, pet sheet face generates positive charge inducing, is gathered in 5 surface of Au electrode, and will be electric by conducting wire It draws pole 5.Solid connecting rod 2 is as shown in Figure 2.
Sleeve 3: whole a length of 10.6cm, 3 cross section of sleeve are concentric circles, outside diameter 23mm, and interior circular diameter is 21mm, inside and outside concentric circles entity setting up, it is therefore an objective to so that sleeve 3 has thickness, it is solid;The top of sleeve 3 is 5cm with 4 root longs Connecting rod, fixed above the side of connecting rod and sleeve 3, it is 4cm hemi-spherical fan blade 8 that the other side, which is uniformly distributed diameter,.When there is wind When blowing, rotated for the leaf disk 4 of the bar portion with moving sleeve 3 and lower part.The lower section of sleeve 3 is 8cm, thickness with diameter For the leaf disk 4 of 0.6cm, the lower surface of leaf disk 4 first plates Au, by ZnO nanorod using hydro-thermal method on Au electrode 5 Growth is wrapped up aggregation growth outside ZnO nano array 12, is formed and protected to friction material using organic polymer PDMS11 Property package, to improve the flexibility of ZnO nano array 12.Using the etching PDMS exposure of low temperature radio frequency plasma lithographic technique The tip of ZnO nanorod, when the friction material that it generates positive electricity with lower section rubs, ZnO nanorod generates negative charge inducing, gathers Collection is on 5 surface of Au electrode.Sleeve 3 is as shown in Figure 3.
A module is in use, by 3 sets of sleeve on solid hopkinson bar, in order to enable leaf disk 4 and circular base plate 1 to generate phase Mutually contact is conductive, without dispersing charge, the generally insulating materials of sleeve 3, however, the position that leaf disk 4 is contacted with sleeve 3, Silver paste is coated in the corresponding position of connecting rod 2, silver paste is contacted with 3 inner wall of sleeve, and the inner wall of the position is conductive material, such as metal Deng preferably Au or silver are used for the groove 9 of conductor wiring in the setting of connecting rod 2, and starting ends and the silver paste of a conducting wire connect Touching, and drawn by 2 end of connecting rod, another conducting wire is drawn by circular base plate 1, and it is above-mentioned, it is by the electrode 5 on leaf disk 4 It draws, and is to be drawn conducting wire by solid hopkinson bar surface groove 9, this kind of means can be avoided when sleeve 3 rotates, leaf disk The phenomenon that conducting wire of 4 extraction is wound.
When this device senses wind, the hemisphere provided with blades moving sleeve 3 of top is rotated, and makes 4 lower section of leaf disk and circle The 1 overhead surface phase mutual friction of shape chassis generates the electric signal of exchange, and conducting wire connects oscillograph and acquires electric signal, passes through what is observed The measuring and calculating of different wave frequency sorts out different wind speed, and A module effect is as Figure 4-Figure 6, in order to illustrate than more complete 9 position of groove, in Fig. 4 by leaf disk 4 between circular base plate 1 at a distance from amplify, in actual use, the two needs connect Touch wiping.
B module:
The ac signal generated by A module by wind drive nanometer friction material first passes through the electric signal of generation Rectifier bridge (rectification circuit) makes alternating current become the Rectified alternating current that exchange is mixed with direct current, utilizes single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) point It is not connected on V/F conversion circuit and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit.On the one hand, we can be connected on V/F conversion circuit, then lead to The counter function of 89C51 is crossed to be received, be handled to frequency signal, stored and can known according to collected frequency data The size of analog signal realizes the function of air velocity transducer to calculate different wind speed;On the other hand, when be not required to survey wind speed When, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) another side can be pushed into, the ac signal that A module generates filtering voltage regulation electricity can be passed through Road, and stored electric energy by rechargeable battery, to be other sensors power elements.B modular circuit structure such as Fig. 7 institute Show.
V/F conversion circuit: voltage signal is converted to by LM331 by pulse signal, pulse signal is sent to the meter of 89C51 Number/timed ports receive frequency signal by controller, handle, store.And connect output with LED charactrons, it can be with The size of analog signal is sorted out according to the interval measuring and calculating of collected frequency data, is believed to realize analog signal to number Number conversion, observe that output digit signals calculate the size of different wind speed.
Rectification circuit and filter regulator circuit: in the friendship that after rectifier circuit rectifies, nano friction generator is generated Galvanic electricity signal becomes the Rectified alternating current of alternating current-direct current mixing, then by Rectified alternating current by generating more smooth after capacitor filtering Direct current obtain more stable DC signal finally by LM317 voltage regulator circuit, be other so that electric energy be stored Sensor element power supply.
Illustrated based on above-mentioned construction, to making from the agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer of driving based on friction nanometer power generator Explanation, is below explained in detail its material preparation, electricity-generating method etc.:
1. the selection and preparation of nanometer friction material
Wind-force nano friction generator part in the system of the invention patent design, the selection and system of the nano material that rubs Standby is the key that determine generation friction electricity is how many, and improve the key of energy transformation ratio.
Au is coated in the lower surface of leaf disk 4 first to regard electrode 5, and grows znO nanometer rods battle array on 5 surface of electrode Column.So far, it synthesizes znO nano material or nanostructure is all made of preparation method from bottom to top, mainly there is molecular beam The methods of extension, Metallo-Organic Chemical Vapor deposition, laser deposition, sputtering method, thermal evaporation and hydrothermal synthesis, the present invention in Mainly use mild hydro-thermal method: reagent needed for testing has: zinc chloride (ZnCl2, AR), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, AR), dehydrated alcohol (CH3CH2OH, AR), hydrochloric acid (HCl, AR) distilled water.Preparation process are as follows: it weighs 3.0g sodium hydroxide and is put into 100mL beaker, Adding water to be sufficiently dissolved to 50mL, then weighs 1.36g zinc chloride and pour into beaker rapidly, magnetic agitation 40min obtains clear solution, A certain amount of mixed solution is taken, the basicity that pre-prepared HCL aqueous solution reconciles solution is added, stirs 20min, then will Mixed solution is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle that capacity is 50mL, and reaction kettle is put into thermostatic drying chamber and is heated, different Reaction temperature and after carrying out hydro-thermal reaction under the reaction time, cooled to room temperature, sample is through sonic oscillation, centrifugation, then spends Ionized water and dehydrated alcohol respectively wash three times, finally dry in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers.Certainly, znO nano material can adopt With nanosize metal oxides such as CuO.
In addition, the growth based on aligned nano-ZnO arrays flexible protective layer material can be protected effectively with lithographic technique technique Aligned nano-ZnO arrays are protected, friction area is improved, increase friction surface charge, improve conversion electricity.Therefore it selects in the present invention PDMS organic polymer, it is flexible, it is easy to polymerize, good insulating, is suitble to package aggregation growth outside aligned nano-ZnO arrays, Protectiveness package is formed to friction material, increases the toughness and friction efficiency of ZnO nano-rod array.And using low temperature radio frequency etc. from Daughter lithographic technique etches the tip of PDMS exposure ZnO nanorod.
For 1 upper surface of circular base plate, the surface Ying Qi first plates Au as electrode 5;Secondly friction material we select It selects PET to be surface modified and surface modification treatment, making it through friction can assemble more to the maximum extent on the surface of the material Triboelectric charge, improve electric energy conversion ratio and output characteristics.
2. wind-force nano friction generator electricity generating principle
In the initial stage of fricting movement, two kinds of friction materials are not contacted, and there is no inductions on two electrodes 5 on fan blade Charge, under the action of the wind, two kinds of materials occur physical contact surface and are gradually increased, frictional electricity, 1 upper surface of circular base plate Pet sheet surface charge is transferred to 12 surface of ZnO nano array of 4 lower surface of leaf disk, so that positive charge is generated on PET, ZnO table Face is enriched with negative electrical charge, generates potential difference between two kinds of materials, when pet sheet face position is completely covered in the surface ZnO, potential difference is most Greatly, voltage at this time is open-circuit voltage;When wind-force continues to blow, that is, when two kinds of material contacting surfaces start to be gradually reduced, Potential difference is reduced with the reduction of covering surface, until two kinds of friction materials do not contact, potential difference zero.In order to shield this potential difference The electrons place of being driven past circuit flows to another electrode 5 from an electrode 5, to generate current signal.Fricting movement Voltage change is as shown in Figure 10 in the process.And current signal will generate the pulse current of alternation with fricting movement.By to alternation Different wind-force are calculated in the observation of power frequency, to solve the self-powered of sensing system or from driving problems.The course of work Such as Fig. 8.
Such as Fig. 8, under the action of the wind, two kinds of materials occur physical contact surface and are gradually increased, frictional electricity, so that on PET Positive charge is generated, ZnO surface enrichment negative electrical charge generates potential difference between two kinds of materials;When pet sheet is completely covered in the surface ZnO When the position of face, potential difference is maximum, and voltage at this time is open-circuit voltage;When namely two kinds of material contacting surfaces start to be gradually reduced, Potential difference is reduced with the reduction of covering surface, until two kinds of friction materials do not contact, potential difference zero
3. air velocity transducer working principle
When revolving speed is respectively 10r/min, 20r/min, 30r/min, 40r/min, 50r/min, 60r/min, 70r/min, 80r/min.As shown in figs. 9-10, different revolving speeds, the output of wind-force nano generator is frequently for output short circuit current and open-circuit voltage Rate is different.Therefore the circuit that A/D conversion purpose is realized using V/F converter LM331 chip realizes accurate A/D conversion.
It can be obtained by the internal circuit of LM331, such as Figure 11, voltage/frequency corresponding relationship are as follows:
It can be seen that output pulse frequency input voltage Vi is directly proportional, to realize voltage-frequency transformation.
Rs=Rs1+Rs2
It follows that resistance Rs, RL, Rt and capacitor Ct directly affect transformation result fo, therefore to have to the precision of element Certain requirement can suitably be selected according to conversion accuracy.Therefore resistance is all made of precision resistance in circuit, capacitor uses leakage current Small mica capacitor.Since the counter module of controller 89C51 is 8 digit counters, therefore Rs=33K is selected in the circuit, Rt =6.8K, Ct=2200P, RL=100K.Although capacitor CL without directly influencing, should select leakage current small transformation result Capacitor.Resistance R1 and capacitor C1 forms low-pass filter, can reduce the disturbing pulse in input voltage, is conducive to raising and turns Change precision.
Circuit is as shown in figure 12.
Voltage signal is converted to pulse signal by LM331, pulse signal is sent to the counting/timing port of 89C51, by Controller receives frequency signal, is handled, is stored.And connect output with LED charactrons, due to V/F converter LM 331 V/F transformational relation is linear, so we can calculate according to the interval of collected frequency data sorts out simulation letter Number size observe that output digit signals calculate different wind speed to realize the conversion of analog signal to digital signal Size.
Above scheme, on the one hand, compared with traditional air velocity transducer, powerup issue becomes the bottle of its network type development Neck, the volume and quantity of power supply system are excessively huge, or even are much larger than sensing network, and agricultural aspect automates the development of agricultural Keep demand of the people to sensing network growing, therefore, the present invention utilizes wind-force nano friction generator and air velocity transducer In conjunction with structure, solve that sensing network power supply system is excessively huge to ask by the self-powered of air velocity transducer and from driving Topic.With important scientific meaning and actual application value.
On the other hand, it is compared with classics electromagnetic generator, the highly efficient TENG of friction nanometer power generator at low frequency can To be used to collect the various forms of mechanical energy slatterned originally in life, realizes from driving function, solve large-scale Sensor Network The difficult problem of network power supply, improves the new model and new mechanism of induced current generation.The present invention utilizes wind power generation, makes wind energy This sustainable green energy resource is effectively developed and used.And can agricultural aspect be used, with intelligent agriculture and Electrified universal, this low-power consumption sensor system will play increasingly important role.
The frequency for the ac signal that the present invention is generated by self friction power generation calculates the size of wind speed, and can will store up The electric energy deposited is applied on other sensors, takes full advantage of wind energy again while energy saving.
It is in another embodiment, a kind of that agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer is driven based on friction nanometer power generator certainly, Including wind-force nano friction generator, air velocity transducer system, the air velocity transducer system includes rectification circuit, energy storage dress It sets, wind-force nano friction generator generates ac signal, and ac signal is rectified into exchange and mixed with direct current by rectification circuit The pulsating direct current electric signal of conjunction, pulsating direct current electric signal is for calculating wind speed, and if necessary by energy storage device by part electric energy It is stored in energy storage device.
It is powered if necessary by consuming components of the Rectified alternating current to air velocity transducer system.
Wind-force nano friction generator, connecting rod 2, sleeve 3, leaf disk 4 including bottom with circular base plate 1, circle Shape chassis 1, electrode 5, conducting wire, sleeve 3 is socketed in solid 2 periphery of connecting rod, if 3 top of sleeve has along sleeve 3 is radially connected Involvement bar, the end of connecting rod are hemi-spherical fan blades 8, and leaf disk 4 is socketed and is fastened on the periphery of sleeve 3, leaf disk 4 and circle The opposite face on shape chassis 1 is provided with electrode 5, and an electrode 5 is covered with friction material, and a growth of electrode 5 has nano level metal oxygen Compound, the opposite face contact of leaf disk 4 and circular base plate 1, and leaf disk 4 with sleeve 3 rotate and make friction material with Nanosize metal oxide pivoting friction, the position that leaf disk 4 is contacted with sleeve 3 coat silver in the corresponding position of connecting rod 2 Slurry, silver paste contacts with 3 inner wall of sleeve, is used for the groove 9 of conductor wiring in the setting of connecting rod 2, the starting ends of a conducting wire and Silver paste contact, and drawn by 2 end of connecting rod, another conducting wire is drawn by circular base plate 1.
The sleeve 3 is insulator sleeve 3, and the position contacted with leaf disk 4 is conductor.The conductor is Copper, silver or with the same material of electrode 5.
The electrode 5 of the circular base plate 1 is the gold-plated of its surface, and friction material is PET film 10;The blade circle The electrode 5 of disk 4 is the gold-plated of its surface, and nanosize metal oxide is ZnO nanorod;ZnO nanorod forms ZnO nano array 12 grow in Au electrode 5, and organic polymer PDMS11 wraps up aggregation growth in 12 appearance of ZnO nano array, etch organic polymer The tip of object PDMS11 and exposure ZnO nanorod.
Air velocity transducer system, including rectification circuit, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), V/F conversion circuit, counter, filtering voltage regulation Circuit, electric storage device, two conducting wires are connected to the two poles of the earth of rectification circuit, and the output of rectification circuit is connected to single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) Moved end, one end connection V/F conversion circuit of the non-moving end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), V/F conversion circuit linkage counter, non-moving end The other end connects filter regulator circuit, and filter regulator circuit connects electric storage device.
The connecting rod 2 is solid connecting rod 2, and groove 9 thereon is 5mm groove 9, a length of 10cm of connecting rod 2, transversal Face diameter is 20mm, and the diameter of circular base plate 1 is 8cm, with a thickness of 1cm.
The a length of 10.6cm of sleeve 3, cross section are concentric circles, and outside diameter 23mm, interior circular diameter is 21mm, inside and outside circle Between be it is solid, connecting rod has four and is evenly distributed on sleeve 3, a length of 5cm of connecting rod, and 8 diameter of hemi-spherical fan blade is 4cm, leaf The diameter of piece disk 4 is 8cm, with a thickness of 0.6cm.
Voltage signal is converted to pulse signal by V/F conversion circuit, including LM331 chip, LM331, and pulse signal is sent to The counting/timing port of 89C51 receives frequency signal by controller, handles, stores, and will output and LED charactrons Connection sorts out analog signal according to the measuring and calculating of the interval of collected frequency data, and analog signal to digital signal is converted, observation Output digit signals, and correspondence calculates different wind speed.
Filter regulator circuit includes capacitor, and Rectified alternating current is generated more smooth direct current by capacitor filtering, is led to It crosses LM317 voltage regulator circuit and obtains more stable DC signal.
It is a kind of to drive the raw method for electrically of agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer nano friction certainly, air velocity transducer is pushed by wind energy Hemi-spherical fan blade 8 rotates, and the sleeve 3 of air velocity transducer rotates, and makes the servo-actuated rotation of leaf disk 4 thereon, and in its rotation, To corresponding thereto and the disk chassis of contact generates the contact of rotation, the opposite face of leaf disk 4 and circular base plate 1 is provided with electricity Pole 5, an electrode 5 are covered with friction material, and a growth of electrode 5 has nanosize metal oxide, and the contact of rotation causes to rub Material contacts friction with nanosize metal oxide rotation, thus by the raw electricity of wind energy driving material friction.
Frictional electricity device includes A module, and A module is wind-force nano friction generator, the reality including having circular base plate 1 Heart connecting rod 2, sleeve 3, electrode 5, conducting wire, the bar surface band fluted 9 of connecting rod 2 have leaf disk 4, set below sleeve 3 There are four the connecting rods that end is hemi-spherical fan blade 8 for 3 upper belts of cylinder;Solid 2 solid hopkinson bar of connecting rod carves groove 9 on bar, for pacifying Conducting wire is filled, has circular base plate 1 below bar, the upper surface of circular base plate 1 is coated with Au, as electrode 5, is covered with one layer on the surface Au PET film 10, as friction material, when the ZnO nanorod of itself and the negative charge inducing of generation above it generates friction, PET Surface generates positive charge inducing, is gathered in 5 surface of Au electrode, the electrode 5 of circular base plate 1 is by being connected to leading for circular base plate 1 Line is drawn;3 cross section of sleeve is concentric circles, be between the inside and outside circle of sleeve 3 it is solid, the top of sleeve 3 has more connecting rods, connecting rod Sleeve 3 is evenly distributed on, and connecting rod terminal has hemi-spherical fan blade 8, has leaf disk 4 below sleeve 3, when there is wind to blow When, the bar portion with moving sleeve 3 and the leaf disk 4 positioned at the bar portion lower part rotate, and the lower surface of leaf disk 4 is coated with Au, ZnO nanorod is grown on Au electrode 5 to using hydro-thermal method and formed ZnO nano array 12, uses organic polymer PDMS11 Aggregation growth is wrapped up in 12 appearance of ZnO nano array, ZnO nano array is etched using low temperature radio frequency plasma lithographic technique The tip of 12PDMS and exposure ZnO nanorod, when leaf disk 4 rubs with the friction material for generating positive electricity below, ZnO is received Rice stick generates negative charge inducing, is gathered in 5 surface of Au electrode, the position that leaf disk 4 is contacted with sleeve 3, in pair of connecting rod 2 Position is answered to coat silver paste, silver paste is contacted with 3 inner wall of sleeve, is used for the groove 9 of conductor wiring, a conducting wire in the setting of connecting rod 2 Starting ends contacted with silver paste, and by 2 end of connecting rod draw, when hemi-spherical fan blade 8 senses wind, hemisphere fan blade drive Sleeve 3 rotates, and the servo-actuated rotation of leaf disk 4, circular base plate 1 is fixed, makes 4 lower section of leaf disk and 1 top of circular base plate Surface phase mutual friction generates alternating current.
The bar surface of connecting rod 2 has 5mm groove 9, and solid connecting rod 2 is a length of 10cm, cross-sectional diameter 20mm Solid hopkinson bar, carves the groove 9 that depth is 5mm on bar, with diameter is 8cm, the circular base plate 1 with a thickness of 1cm, sleeve below bar The a length of 10.6cm of 3 entirety, 3 cross section of sleeve be concentric circles, outside diameter 23mm, interior circular diameter be 21mm, sleeve 3 it is upper The connecting rod that side is 5cm with four root longs, four connecting rods are evenly distributed on sleeve 3, and it is 4cm hemispherical that connecting rod terminal, which has diameter, Fan blade 8 with diameter is 8cm below sleeve 3, with a thickness of the leaf disk 4 of 0.6cm.
4. as described in claim 1 from the raw method for electrically of the agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer nano friction of driving, feature It is, wind drive nanometer friction material pivoting friction generates ac signal, and ac signal first passes through rectification circuit, makes to hand over Galvanic electricity becomes the Rectified alternating current that exchange is mixed with direct current, and pulsating direct current is electrically connected the moved end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), and V/F is turned It changes circuit and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit is coupled with two non-moving end;Single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches the first via, and the first via is V/F conversion circuit connects single chip computer89C51, and counter is to frequency signal reception, processing, storage, according to collected frequency Data calculating simulation signal, different analog signals are corresponding to calculate different wind speed;When not needing to survey wind speed, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) is cut The second tunnel is changed, second tunnel is filter regulator circuit connection electric storage device, by Rectified alternating current filtering voltage regulation, and is stored.
The preparation method of nanometer friction material: first in the lower surface of leaf disk 4, plating Au regards electrode 5, and in 5 table of electrode Face growing ZnO nanorod arrays.
It is a kind of to drive agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer nano friction storage method certainly, air velocity transducer is pushed by wind energy Hemi-spherical fan blade 8 rotates, and the sleeve 3 of air velocity transducer rotates, and makes the servo-actuated rotation of leaf disk 4 thereon, and in its rotation, To corresponding thereto and the disk chassis of contact generates the contact of rotation, the opposite face of leaf disk 4 and circular base plate 1 is provided with electricity Pole 5, an electrode 5 are covered with friction material, and a growth of electrode 5 has nanosize metal oxide, and the contact of rotation causes to rub Material contacts friction with nanosize metal oxide rotation, thus by the raw electricity of wind energy driving material friction, and will be part or all of Electric energy is rectified and is stored.
Frictional electricity device includes A module, and A module is wind-force nano friction generator, the reality including having circular base plate 1 Heart connecting rod 2, sleeve 3, electrode 5, conducting wire, the bar surface band fluted 9 of connecting rod 2 have leaf disk 4, set below sleeve 3 There are four the connecting rods that end is hemi-spherical fan blade 8 for 3 upper belts of cylinder;Solid 2 solid hopkinson bar of connecting rod carves groove 9 on bar, for pacifying Conducting wire is filled, has circular base plate 1 below bar, the upper surface of circular base plate 1 is coated with Au, as electrode 5, is covered with one layer on the surface Au PET film 10, as friction material, when the ZnO nanorod of itself and the negative charge inducing of generation above it generates friction, PET Surface generates positive charge inducing, is gathered in 5 surface of Au electrode, the electrode 5 of circular base plate 1 is by being connected to leading for circular base plate 1 Line is drawn;3 cross section of sleeve is concentric circles, be between the inside and outside circle of sleeve 3 it is solid, the top of sleeve 3 has more connecting rods, connecting rod Sleeve 3 is evenly distributed on, and connecting rod terminal has hemi-spherical fan blade 8, has leaf disk 4 below sleeve 3, when there is wind to blow When, the bar portion with moving sleeve 3 and the leaf disk 4 positioned at the bar portion lower part rotate, and the lower surface of leaf disk 4 is coated with Au, ZnO nanorod is grown on Au electrode 5 to using hydro-thermal method and formed ZnO nano array 12, uses organic polymer PDMS11 Aggregation growth is wrapped up in 12 appearance of ZnO nano array, ZnO nano array is etched using low temperature radio frequency plasma lithographic technique The tip of 12PDMS and exposure ZnO nanorod, when leaf disk 4 rubs with the friction material for generating positive electricity below, ZnO is received Rice stick generates negative charge inducing, is gathered in 5 surface of Au electrode, the position that leaf disk 4 is contacted with sleeve 3, in pair of connecting rod 2 Position is answered to coat silver paste, silver paste is contacted with 3 inner wall of sleeve, is used for the groove 9 of conductor wiring, a conducting wire in the setting of connecting rod 2 Starting ends contacted with silver paste, and by 2 end of connecting rod draw, when hemi-spherical fan blade 8 senses wind, hemisphere fan blade drive Sleeve 3 rotates, and the servo-actuated rotation of leaf disk 4, circular base plate 1 is fixed, makes 4 lower section of leaf disk and 1 top of circular base plate Surface phase mutual friction generates alternating current.
The bar surface of connecting rod 2 has 5mm groove 9, and solid connecting rod 2 is a length of 10cm, cross-sectional diameter 20mm Solid hopkinson bar, carves the groove 9 that depth is 5mm on bar, with diameter is 8cm, the circular base plate 1 with a thickness of 1cm, sleeve below bar The a length of 10.6cm of 3 entirety, 3 cross section of sleeve be concentric circles, outside diameter 23mm, interior circular diameter be 21mm, sleeve 3 it is upper The connecting rod that side is 5cm with four root longs, four connecting rods are evenly distributed on sleeve 3, and it is 4cm hemispherical that connecting rod terminal, which has diameter, Fan blade 8 with diameter is 8cm below sleeve 3, with a thickness of the leaf disk 4 of 0.6cm.
Wind drive nanometer friction material pivoting friction generates ac signal, and ac signal first passes through rectification circuit, Alternating current is set to become the Rectified alternating current that exchange is mixed with direct current, pulsating direct current is electrically connected the moved end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), will V/F conversion circuit and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit are coupled with two non-moving end;The single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switching first via, described first Road is V/F conversion circuit connection single chip computer89C51, and counter is to frequency signal reception, processing, storage, according to collected Frequency data calculating simulation signal, different analog signals are corresponding to calculate different wind speed;When not needing to survey wind speed, single-pole double throw is opened Concern changes the second tunnel, and second tunnel is filter regulator circuit connection electric storage device, by Rectified alternating current filtering voltage regulation, and deposits Storage.
The preparation method of nanometer friction material: first in the lower surface of leaf disk 4, plating Au regards electrode 5, and in 5 table of electrode Face growing ZnO nanorod arrays.Prepare ZnO using mild hydro-thermal method: required reagent has: zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide, anhydrous second Alcohol, hydrochloric acid, distilled water, preparation process are as follows: it weighs 3.0g sodium hydroxide and is put into 100mL beaker, water is added sufficiently to be dissolved to 50mL, It weighs 1.36g zinc chloride again to pour into beaker rapidly, magnetic agitation 40min obtains clear solution, takes the mixed solution, and thing is added First prepared HCL aqueous solution reconciles the basicity of solution, stirs 20min, and it is 50mL's that mixed solution, which is then transferred to capacity, In hydrothermal reaction kettle, reaction kettle is put into thermostatic drying chamber and is heated, water is carried out under different reaction temperatures and reaction time After thermal response, cooled to room temperature, sample is through sonic oscillation, centrifugation, then is respectively washed three times with deionized water and dehydrated alcohol, Finally dried in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers.
The preferable specific embodiment of the above, only the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not It is confined to this, anyone skilled in the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses, according to the present invention The technical solution of creation and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover the invention protection scope it It is interior.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of drive agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer based on friction nanometer power generator certainly, which is characterized in that including wind-force Nano friction generator, air velocity transducer system, the air velocity transducer system include rectification circuit, energy storage device, wind-force Nano friction generator generates ac signal, and ac signal is rectified into the pulsation that exchange is mixed with direct current by rectification circuit DC signal, pulsating direct current electric signal are if necessary being stored up part power storage by energy storage device for calculating wind speed It can device.
2. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, is powered if necessary by consuming components of the Rectified alternating current to air velocity transducer system.
3. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, wind-force nano friction generator, connecting rod (2), sleeve (3), leaf disk including bottom with circular base plate (1) (4), circular base plate (1), electrode (5), conducting wire, sleeve (3) are socketed in solid connecting rod (2) periphery, and sleeve (3) top is along set Cylinder (3) is radially connected several connecting rods, and the end of connecting rod is hemi-spherical fan blade (8), and leaf disk (4) is socketed and is fastened on sleeve (3) periphery, leaf disk (4) and the opposite face of circular base plate (1) are provided with electrode (5), and an electrode (5) is covered with friction material Material, an electrode (5), which grows, nanosize metal oxide, the opposite face contact of leaf disk (4) and circular base plate (1), and Leaf disk (4) rotates with sleeve (3) and makes friction material and nanosize metal oxide pivoting friction, leaf disk (4) The position contacted with sleeve (3) coats silver paste in the corresponding position of connecting rod (2), and silver paste is contacted with sleeve (3) inner wall, even Extension bar (2) setting is used for the groove (9) of conductor wiring, and the starting ends of a conducting wire are contacted with silver paste, and are held by connecting rod (2) Portion is drawn, and another conducting wire is drawn by circular base plate (1).
4. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as claimed in claim 3 It is, the sleeve (3) is insulator sleeve (3), and the position contacted with leaf disk (4) is conductor.
5. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, the electrode (5) of the circular base plate (1) is the gold-plated of its surface, and friction material is PET film (10);The leaf The electrode (5) of piece disk (4) is the gold-plated of its surface, and nanosize metal oxide is ZnO nanorod;ZnO nanorod forms ZnO Nano-array (12) Au electrode (5) grow, organic polymer PDMS (11) wrap up aggregation growth ZnO nano array (12) outside Table etches the tip of organic polymer P DMS (11) and exposure ZnO nanorod.
6. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, air velocity transducer system, including rectification circuit, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), V/F conversion circuit, counter, filtering voltage regulation electricity Road, electric storage device, two conducting wires are connected to the two poles of the earth of rectification circuit, and the output of rectification circuit is connected to the dynamic of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) End, one end of the non-moving end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) connect V/F conversion circuit, V/F conversion circuit linkage counter, non-moving end it is another One end connects filter regulator circuit, and filter regulator circuit connects electric storage device.
7. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, the connecting rod (2) is solid connecting rod (2), and groove (9) thereon is 5mm groove (9), and connecting rod (2) is a length of The diameter of 10cm, cross-sectional diameter 20mm, circular base plate (1) are 8cm, with a thickness of 1cm.
8. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 Be, sleeve (3) a length of 10.6cm, cross section is concentric circles, outside diameter 23mm, and interior circular diameter is 21mm, it is inside and outside it is round it Between be it is solid, connecting rod, which has, and to be evenly distributed on sleeve (3), a length of 5cm of connecting rod by four, and hemi-spherical fan blade (8) diameter is 4cm, The diameter of leaf disk (4) is 8cm, with a thickness of 0.6cm.
9. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, V/F conversion circuit, including LM331 chip, voltage signal is converted to pulse signal by LM331, and pulse signal is sent to The counting/timing port of 89C51 receives frequency signal by controller, handles, stores, and will output and LED charactrons Connection sorts out analog signal according to the measuring and calculating of the interval of collected frequency data, and analog signal to digital signal is converted, observation Output digit signals, and correspondence calculates different wind speed.
10. driving agriculture Internet of Things air velocity transducer, feature certainly based on friction nanometer power generator as described in claim 1 It is, filter regulator circuit includes capacitor, and Rectified alternating current is generated more smooth direct current by capacitor filtering, is passed through LM317 voltage regulator circuit obtains more stable DC signal.
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