CN109681284B - System for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation and control method - Google Patents
System for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109681284B CN109681284B CN201811456703.XA CN201811456703A CN109681284B CN 109681284 B CN109681284 B CN 109681284B CN 201811456703 A CN201811456703 A CN 201811456703A CN 109681284 B CN109681284 B CN 109681284B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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Abstract
A system for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation and a control method belong to the technical field of flue gas waste heat utilization and carbon dioxide capture, and comprise a power generation system, a carbon dioxide compression and separation system and a flue gas waste heat step recovery system; the power generation system comprises a combined heat exchanger, an expansion machine, an ORC generator, a cooler, a working medium pump, a low-temperature side of a thermoelectric generation piece, a high-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, a thermistor, a thermoelectric generation switch, a thermoelectric generation group, a DC/AC inverter, the ORC generator is connected with a compression separator switch, the thermoelectric generation group is connected with a supply user switch, the ORC generator is connected with the supply user switch, the electric power supply power grid changeover switch of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation group is connected with the power grid, the power grid is connected with the compression separator switch, and an outlet check valve of an adjusting valve at the high. The invention improves the waste heat recovery rate and the power generation efficiency, improves the carbon dioxide capture efficiency and achieves the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas waste heat utilization and carbon dioxide capture, and particularly relates to a system and a control method for using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system and a thermoelectric power generation system of flue gas waste heat for capturing and separating carbon dioxide of flue gas.
Background
The efficient utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas and the emission reduction of the greenhouse gas are effective means for dealing with the atmospheric haze. The heat loss of the exhaust smoke is the main heat loss of a boiler of a thermal power plant, but the main problems of low utilization efficiency of the waste heat of the exhaust smoke, large discharge capacity of carbon dioxide and the like generally exist. The exhaust temperature of the flue gas of the power plant is generally 110-. Meanwhile, the method for capturing the carbon dioxide in the flue gas mainly adopts the technologies of capturing before combustion, capturing after combustion, oxygen-enriched combustion and the like, the capturing of the carbon dioxide needs higher energy consumption, and the system efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the carbon dioxide is captured and separated by means of energy recovery cascade utilization, waste heat power generation, electric power self-supply and the like, the waste heat recovery efficiency is improved, the system energy consumption is reduced, and the industrial requirements are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of serious flue gas waste heat loss, greenhouse gas emission reduction or near zero emission of the existing power plant.
The system for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation comprises a double power generation system consisting of an organic Rankine cycle power generation system of flue gas waste heat, a thermoelectric power generation system of flue gas waste heat, a carbon dioxide capturing system of flue gas and a flue gas waste heat step recovery system.
Flue gas to electric precipitation stop valve, electrostatic precipitator, thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side governing valve, combination formula heat exchanger, the expander, the ORC generator, the cooler, the working medium pump, working medium pump export stop valve, thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side, thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side, thermoelectric generation piece, thermistor, thermoelectric generation switch, thermoelectric generation group, compression separator, carbon dioxide collector, nitrogen gas collector, desulfurization and denitrification facility water trap, flue gas to heat exchanger stop valve, flue gas to heat exchanger back governing valve flow through heat exchanger remove desulfurization and denitrification facility governing valve, desulfurization and denitrification facility water trap export stop valve, water trap export governing valve, water trap through thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side back governing valve, electric precipitation ash-washing pond, electric precipitation ash-collecting bucket.
The system comprises a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve, a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve, a thermoelectric generation set to a compression separator switch, an ORC generator to a compression separator switch, a thermoelectric generation set to a supply user switch, an ORC generator to a supply user switch, an electric power supply grid change-over switch of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation set, an electric power grid to compression separator switch, a power generation system, a carbon dioxide compression separation system, a flue gas waste heat step recovery system, a thermoelectric generation sheet high-temperature side regulating valve outlet check valve, a desulfurization and denitrification device temperature difference generation sheet high-temperature side check valve, a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger regulating valve pipeline check valve, a flue gas to heat exchanger back regulating valve pipeline check valve, a compression separator to carbon dioxide collector pipeline check valve, an electric dust removal fan, an electric dust removal to desulfurization and denitrification device pipeline check valve, The desulfurization and denitrification device comprises a desulfurization and denitrification device inlet mixing box, a desulfurization and denitrification device, an original discharge system stop valve and a DC/AC inverter.
The power generation system is a double power generation system, and the double power generation system is composed of an organic Rankine cycle power generation system of flue gas waste heat and a temperature difference power generation system of the flue gas waste heat.
The ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation set provide power for the power generation system. Flue gas of a coal-fired power plant enters a heat exchanger stop valve through flue gas, organic working medium of an ORC generator set is heated through a combined heat exchanger, the organic working medium flows through a flue gas to a heat exchanger rear regulating valve and a flue gas to a pipeline check valve of a heat exchanger rear regulating valve and enters an electric dust remover for dust removal, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger in a thermal channel is 110-170 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 90-140 ℃; after the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant is dedusted by an electric precipitator, the organic working medium of an ORC generator set is heated by a combined heat exchanger, flows through the heat exchanger to a regulating valve of a desulfurization and denitration device, passes through an inlet mixing box of the desulfurization and denitration device and is connected with the desulfurization and denitration device, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger in a thermal channel is 105-160 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas at an outlet is 95-130 ℃; the hot water of the desulfurization and denitration device is collected from the water trap of the desulfurization and denitration device at the bottom of the desulfurization and denitration device, passes through the outlet regulating valve of the water trap of the desulfurization and denitration device and then flows through the combined heat exchanger, the organic working medium of the ORC generator set is heated and then enters the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet, after the low-temperature side heat exchange is carried out on the thermoelectric generation sheet, enters the desulfurization and denitrification device when the water trap of the desulfurization and denitrification device is closed by the regulating valve after passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, or when the water collector of the desulfurization and denitrification device is opened through the low-temperature side rear adjusting valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet, the water enters the bottom of the electric dust collector to complete hydraulic flushing and ash removal, so that particle dust in the flue gas enters an electric dust collecting and ash flushing pool, the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a water heat source in the heat channel are respectively 80-95 ℃ and 65-75 ℃ through the combined heat exchanger, and the temperature is respectively 50-60 ℃ through the low-temperature side rear adjusting valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet; one path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to an original exhaust system stop valve 48 to exhaust atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve and a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve to enter a combined heat exchanger to heat an organic working medium of an ORC power generating set and then enters the low-temperature side of a thermoelectric generation sheet, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermal channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through a flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger, and the temperature of flue gas passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet is 50-60 ℃; the method comprises the following steps that flue gas flows out of an outlet of an electric dust collector, enters a high-temperature side of a temperature difference power generation sheet through an outlet check valve of a high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet and an outlet check valve of the high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet to perform high-temperature side heat exchange, then enters a high-temperature side check valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet through a desulfurization and denitration device, enters the desulfurization and denitration device through an inlet mixing box of the desulfurization and denitration device to perform desulfurization and denitration purification on the flue gas, a flue gas heat source in a thermal channel passes through an inlet temperature of the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation sheet to be 105-160 ℃ and an outlet temperature to be 90-120 ℃, organic working media are evaporated under the thermal action of a combined heat exchanger, then the phase change process of evaporation and; under the condition of bilateral heat exchange at the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece and the high-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, the thermoelectric generation piece is acted on the thermoelectric generation piece, and the thermistor and the thermoelectric generation switch are connected to realize thermoelectric generation of the thermoelectric generation set; the ORC generator and thermoelectric generation bank 15 comprise the power generation system of the present invention, which can supply power to the consumer and power the compression separator.
The carbon dioxide compression separation system is composed of a compression separator, a pipeline check valve from the compression separator to a carbon dioxide collector, a draught fan, the carbon dioxide collector and a nitrogen collector. The power required by the carbon dioxide compression and separation system is provided by the power grid and the power generation system. Supplying the power of the thermoelectric generation set to the compression separator through the thermoelectric generation set to a switch of the compression separator; supplying power of the ORC generator to a compression separator through a switch from the ORC generator to the compression separator, maintaining the conditions of the temperature of carbon dioxide at 30-35 ℃ and the pressure at 6.0-7.5MPa under the action of the compression separator, enabling the liquefied carbon dioxide to flow out of the compression separator, pass through a pipeline check valve of a carbon dioxide collector, enter the carbon dioxide collector, and enabling nitrogen in flue gas to flow out of the compression separator and act on the nitrogen collector through a draught fan to realize the capture and separation functions of the carbon dioxide; the power of the temperature difference power generation set is supplied to a user switch through the temperature difference power generation set, the power of the ORC generator is supplied to a user after being supplied to the user switch through the ORC generator, the power of the ORC generator and the temperature difference power generation set is supplied to a power grid changeover switch, and the power from the power grid is supplied to a compression separator switch through the power grid to provide power for the compression separator; when a power supply grid switch of the ORC generator and the temperature difference power generation set is switched on and a switch from the power grid to the compression separator is switched off through the power grid, the power is provided by the power generation system; when the power supply grid switch of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation set is turned off and the power supply grid switch is turned on from the power grid through the power grid to the compression separator switch, the power supply from the power grid is supplied, so that the power supply of the compression separator is ensured, and the carbon dioxide compression separation system works normally.
The flue gas waste heat step recovery system adopts the step recovery of flue gas waste heat: flue gas of a coal-fired power plant enters a heat exchanger stop valve through flue gas, the organic working medium of an ORC generator set is heated through a combined heat exchanger, the organic working medium flows through a flue gas to a heat exchanger rear regulating valve and a flue gas to a pipeline check valve of the heat exchanger rear regulating valve and enters an electric dust remover for dust removal, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger in a thermal channel is 110-170 ℃, the outlet temperature is 90-140 ℃, and the process is the first step recovery of a flue gas heat source;
after the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant is dedusted by an electric precipitator, the flue gas passes through a combined heat exchanger to heat the organic working medium of an ORC generator set, passes through a pipeline check valve of a desulfurization and denitration device and a heat exchanger regulating valve, then passes through a desulfurization and denitration device inlet mixing box to be connected with the desulfurization and denitration device, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger in the thermal channel is 105-160 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas at an outlet is 95-130 ℃, and the process is the second step recovery of a flue gas heat source;
the flue gas comes out from the export of electrostatic precipitator, get into thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side through thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side governing valve and thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side governing valve export check valve and carry out the high temperature side heat transfer after, get rid of thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side check valve through desulfurization and denitrification facility again, get into desulfurization and denitrification facility through desulfurization and denitrification facility entry mixing box and carry out desulfurization and denitration purification of flue gas, the water trap of desulfurization and denitrification facility bottom is collected desulfurization and denitrification facility's hot water, behind desulfurization and denitrification facility water trap export governing valve, flow through the heat exchanger of combination formula, heat the organic medium of ORC generating set, get into thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side again, after carrying out the low temperature side heat transfer to the thermoelectric generation piece, get into desulfurization and denitrification facility when desulfurization and denitrification facility water trap is closed through thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side back governing valve, the inlet temperature of flue gas heat source in this thermal channel is 105 through the thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side is 160 ℃ and goes out The temperature of the port is 90-120 ℃, and the process is a mode of third-step recovery of a flue gas heat source.
When a water collector of the desulfurization and denitrification device is opened through a low-temperature side rear adjusting valve of a temperature difference power generation sheet, the water enters the bottom of an electric dust collector to complete hydraulic flushing and ash removal, so that particle dust in flue gas enters an electric dust collecting tank, the inlet temperature of a water heat source in a heat channel is 80-95 ℃, the outlet temperature of the water heat source is 65-75 ℃, the temperature of the water heat source after passing through the low-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation sheet is 50-60 ℃, and the process is another mode of third-step recovery of the hot water source.
One path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device and is exhausted to the atmosphere through the original exhaust system stop valve, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device and the heat exchanger outlet stop valve and the desulfurization and denitrification device and the heat exchanger outlet regulating valve to enter the combined heat exchanger, the organic working medium of the ORC generator set is heated and then enters the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermal channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through the flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger, and the temperature of the flue gas passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece is 50-60 ℃, and the process is the fourth step of the flue gas heat source.
One path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to reach an original exhaust system stop valve to exhaust atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve and a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve to enter a combined heat exchanger to heat an organic working medium of an ORC generator set and then enters the low-temperature side of a thermoelectric generation sheet, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermodynamic channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through a flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger, and the temperature of flue gas passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet is 50-60 ℃, and the process is the fifth step recovery of the flue gas heat source;
the temperature of the heat sources of the fifth step, the fourth step, the second step and the first step is from low to high, and the temperature difference of the heat exchange ends is reduced, so that the combined heat exchanger can fully exchange heat, the organic working medium is heated and efficiently evaporated, and the thermodynamic system efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the ORC generator are effectively improved; the third step is a high-temperature side heat source of the thermoelectric generation piece, the fourth step and the fifth step are low-temperature side heat sources of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature difference of 40-60 ℃ can be realized on the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, and the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric generation set is effectively improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the temperature of the heat source is from low to high, the temperature difference of the heat exchange ends is reduced, so that the combined heat exchanger can fully exchange heat, the organic working medium is heated and efficiently evaporated, the efficiency of a thermodynamic system of the ORC generator and the power generation efficiency are effectively improved, and the efficiency can be improved by 1-2.5% on the basis of the basic efficiency.
The temperature difference of 40-60 ℃ at the high and low temperature sides of the thermoelectric generation piece can improve the thermoelectric generation efficiency by 0.5-2% on the basis of the basic efficiency.
The invention adopts the thermoelectric generation group and the ORC generator, realizes the switching of the double power generation systems and the electric power from the power grid, reduces the energy consumption of the systems by 30-70%, and finishes the capture and separation of carbon dioxide in the flue gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The system for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation and the control method are characterized by comprising a double power generation system consisting of an organic Rankine cycle power generation system of flue gas waste heat, a temperature difference power generation system of flue gas waste heat, a carbon dioxide compression and separation system of flue gas and a flue gas waste heat step recovery system.
The organic Rankine cycle power generation system for the waste heat of the flue gas is composed of a combined heat exchanger 4, an expansion machine 5, an ORC generator 6, a cooler 7, a working medium pump 8 and a working medium pump outlet stop valve 9.
The temperature difference power generation system of the flue gas waste heat is composed of a temperature difference power generation piece low-temperature side 10, a temperature difference power generation piece high-temperature side 11, a temperature difference power generation piece 12, a thermistor 13, a temperature difference power generation switch 14, a temperature difference power generation set 15 and a DC/AC inverter 49.
Flue gas is to electric precipitation stop valve 1, electrostatic precipitator 2, thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side governing valve 3, combined heat exchanger 4, expander 5, ORC generator 6, cooler 7, working medium pump 8, working medium pump outlet stop valve 9, thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side 10, thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side 11, thermoelectric generation piece 12, thermistor 13, thermoelectric generation switch 14, thermoelectric generation group 15, compression separator 16, carbon dioxide collector 17, nitrogen gas collector 18, desulfurization and denitrification facility 19, desulfurization and denitrification facility water trap 20. The flue gas flows to a heat exchanger stop valve 21, the flue gas flows to a heat exchanger rear regulating valve 22, flows through a heat exchanger desulfurization and denitration device regulating valve 23, a desulfurization and denitration device water trap outlet stop valve 24, a water trap outlet regulating valve 25, a water trap, a thermoelectric generation sheet low-temperature side rear regulating valve 26, an electric dust-washing tank 27, an electric dust-collecting hopper 28, a desulfurization and denitration device heat exchanger outlet stop valve 29, a desulfurization and denitration device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve 30, a thermoelectric generation group to compression separator switch 31, an ORC generator to compression separator switch 32, a thermoelectric generation group to supply user switch 33, an ORC generator to supply user switch 34, an ORC generator and electric power supply grid switch 35 of the thermoelectric generation group, a grid to compression separator switch 36, a power generation system 37, a carbon dioxide compression separation system 38 and a flue gas waste heat step recovery system 39, thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side governing valve export check valve 40, desulfurization and denitrification facility remove thermoelectric generation piece high temperature side check valve 41, desulfurization and denitrification facility remove the pipeline check valve 42 of heat exchanger governing valve, flue gas is to the pipeline check valve 43 of heat exchanger back governing valve, compression separator is to the pipeline check valve 44 of carbon dioxide collector, draught fan 45, pipeline check valve 46 of electric precipitation to desulfurization and denitrification facility, desulfurization and denitrification facility entry mixing box 47, desulfurization and denitrification facility are to former discharge system stop valve 48, DC/AC inverter 49.
The power generation system 37 is a double power generation system consisting of an organic Rankine cycle power generation system of flue gas waste heat and a temperature difference power generation system of flue gas waste heat, and the ORC generator 6 and the temperature difference power generation set 15 provide power for the power generation system 37. Flue gas of a coal-fired power plant enters a heat exchanger stop valve 21 through flue gas, passes through a combined heat exchanger 4, heats an organic working medium of an ORC generator set, flows through a flue gas to a heat exchanger rear regulating valve 22 and a flue gas to a pipeline check valve 43 of the heat exchanger rear regulating valve, enters an electric dust remover 2 for dust removal, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger 4 in a thermal channel is 110-170 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 90-140 ℃; after the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant is dedusted by the electric precipitator 2, the flue gas passes through the combined heat exchanger 4 to heat the organic working medium of the ORC generator set, is connected and flows through the heat exchanger to remove a desulfurization and denitration device regulating valve 23, then passes through the inlet mixing box 47 of the desulfurization and denitration device and is connected with the desulfurization and denitration device 19, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger 4 in the thermal channel is 105-160 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet is 95-130 ℃; collecting hot water of the desulfurization and denitration device from a desulfurization and denitration device water trap 20 at the bottom of the desulfurization and denitration device 19, flowing through a combined heat exchanger 4 after passing through a desulfurization and denitration device water trap outlet regulating valve 25, heating an organic working medium of an ORC generator set, then entering a low-temperature side 10 of a thermoelectric generation sheet, carrying out low-temperature side heat exchange on a thermoelectric generation sheet 12, entering the desulfurization and denitration device 19 when the desulfurization and denitration device water trap passes through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet and a regulating valve 26 is closed, or entering the bottom of an electric dust collector 2 to complete hydraulic flushing and ash removal when the desulfurization and denitration device water trap passes through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet and a regulating valve 26 is opened, so that particle dust in flue gas enters an electric dust flushing tank 27, wherein a water heat source in the thermal channel has an inlet temperature of 80-95 ℃ and an outlet temperature of 65-75 ℃ through the combined heat exchanger, The temperature is 50-60 ℃ after passing through the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation sheet; one path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to reach an original exhaust system stop valve 48 to exhaust the atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve 29 and the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve 30 to enter the combined heat exchanger 4, the organic working medium of the ORC generator set is heated, and then enters the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermodynamic channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through the flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger 4, and the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece is 50-60 ℃; the method comprises the following steps that flue gas flows out of an outlet of an electric dust collector 2, enters a high-temperature side 11 of a temperature difference power generation sheet through a high-temperature side regulating valve 3 of the temperature difference power generation sheet and an outlet check valve 40 of the high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet to perform high-temperature side heat exchange, then passes through a desulfurization and denitration device to remove a high-temperature side check valve 41 of the temperature difference power generation sheet, enters a desulfurization and denitration device 19 through an inlet mixing box 47 of the desulfurization and denitration device to perform desulfurization and denitration purification on the flue gas, a flue gas heat source in a thermal channel passes through an inlet temperature of the high-temperature side 11 of the temperature difference power generation sheet to be 105-160 ℃ and an outlet temperature to be 90-120 ℃, organic working media are evaporated under the thermal action of a combined heat exchanger 4, and then phase change processes of evaporation and condensation are realized in a cooler 7, a working media; under the condition of bilateral heat exchange of the low-temperature side 10 and the high-temperature side 11 of the thermoelectric generation piece, the thermoelectric generation piece acts on the thermoelectric generation piece 12, and is connected with a thermistor 13 and a thermoelectric generation switch 14 to realize thermoelectric generation of a thermoelectric generation set 15; ORC generator 6 and thermoelectric generation bank 15 comprise the power generation system 37 of the present invention, which can supply power to consumers and to compression separator 16.
The carbon dioxide compression and separation system 38 is composed of a compression separator 16, a pipeline check valve 44 from the compression separator to a carbon dioxide collector, an induced draft fan 45, the carbon dioxide collector 17 and a nitrogen collector 18, and required electric power is from a power grid and a power generation system 37. The power of the thermoelectric generation set 15 can be supplied to the compression separator 16 through the thermoelectric generation set to the compression separator switch 31, the power of the ORC generator 6 is supplied to the compression separator 16 through the ORC generator to the compression separator switch 32, the conditions that the temperature of carbon dioxide is 30-35 ℃ and the pressure is 6.0-7.5MPa are maintained under the action of the compression separator 16, the carbon dioxide flows out of the compression separator after being liquefied and enters the carbon dioxide collector 17 through a pipeline check valve 44 of the carbon dioxide collector, and meanwhile, nitrogen in the flue gas flows out of the compression separator 16 and then acts on the nitrogen collector 18 through an induced draft fan 45, so that the capture and separation functions of the carbon dioxide are realized; the power of the thermoelectric generation group 15 is supplied to the user switch 33 through the thermoelectric generation group, the power of the ORC generator 6 is supplied to the user switch 34 through the ORC generator, the compression separator 16 can be simultaneously supplied with power from the grid to the compression separator switch 36 via the grid-to-grid switch 35 of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation bank, the power generation system 37 of the invention itself supplies power when the grid switch 35 of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation bank is on and when the grid to the compression separator switch 36 from the grid is off, the power supply grid switch 35 of the ORC generator and the thermoelectric generation bank supplies power from the grid when the grid to the compression separator switch 36 from the grid is off, and the power supply of the compression separator 16 is ensured, so that the carbon dioxide compression separation system 38 works normally.
The first cascade channel is composed of a heat exchanger stop valve 21, a combined heat exchanger 4, a heat exchanger rear regulating valve 22, a pipeline check valve 43 of the heat exchanger rear regulating valve and an electric dust collector 2.
Flue gas of a coal-fired power plant enters a heat exchanger stop valve 21 through flue gas, passes through a combined heat exchanger 4, heats an organic working medium of an ORC generator set, flows through a flue gas to a heat exchanger rear regulating valve 22 and a flue gas to a pipeline check valve 43 of the heat exchanger rear regulating valve, enters an electric dust remover 2 for dust removal, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger 4 in a thermal channel is 110-170 ℃, the outlet temperature is 90-140 ℃, and the flue gas is a first step of a flue gas heat source;
the second cascade channel consists of an electric dust collector 2, a combined heat exchanger 4, a desulfurization and denitrification device regulating valve 23, a mixing box 47 and a desulfurization and denitrification device 19;
after the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant is dedusted by the electric precipitator 2, the flue gas passes through the combined heat exchanger 4 to heat the organic working medium of the ORC generator set, is connected and flows through the heat exchanger to remove the desulfurization and denitration device regulating valve 23, then passes through the inlet mixing box 47 of the desulfurization and denitration device and is connected with the desulfurization and denitration device 19, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger 4 in the thermal channel is 105-160 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet is 95-130 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas heat source is the second step;
the third cascade channel consists of a desulfurization and denitrification device 19, a water trap 20, a water trap outlet regulating valve 25, a combined heat exchanger 4, a thermoelectric generation piece low-temperature side 10, a thermoelectric generation piece 12, a thermoelectric generation piece low-temperature side rear regulating valve 26 and a desulfurization and denitrification device 19;
the flue gas comes out from the outlet of the electric dust collector 2, enters the high-temperature side 11 of the temperature difference power generation sheet through the high-temperature side regulating valve 3 of the temperature difference power generation sheet and the outlet check valve 40 of the high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet to carry out high-temperature side heat exchange, then passes through the desulfurization and denitration device to remove the high-temperature side check valve 41 of the temperature difference power generation sheet, enters the desulfurization and denitration device 19 through the inlet mixing box 47 of the desulfurization and denitration device to carry out desulfurization, denitration and purification on the flue gas, the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a flue gas heat source in the thermal channel are respectively 105 and 160 ℃ and 90-120 ℃, and the flue gas heat source is in;
from the desulfurization and denitration device water trap 20 of desulfurization and denitration device 19 bottom, collect the hot water of desulfurization and denitration device, after desulfurization and denitration device water trap export governing valve 25, flow through combination formula heat exchanger 4, heat the organic working medium of ORC generating set, reentrant thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side 10, after carrying out the low temperature side heat transfer to thermoelectric generation piece 12, when desulfurization and denitration device water trap is closed through thermoelectric generation piece low temperature side back governing valve 26, reentrant desulfurization and denitration device 19.
The other channel of the third step is composed of a desulfurization and denitrification device 19, a water trap 20, a water trap outlet regulating valve 25, a combined heat exchanger 4, a low-temperature side 10 of a thermoelectric generation sheet, a thermoelectric generation sheet 12, an electric dust collector 2 and an electric dust removing ash washing pool 27;
when the water trap of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the low-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation sheet and then the regulating valve 26 is opened, the water enters the bottom of the electric dust collector 2 to complete hydraulic dust flushing and removing, so that particle dust in flue gas enters the electric dust flushing tank 27, the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of a water heat source in the heat channel are respectively 80-95 ℃ and 65-75 ℃ through the combined heat exchanger 4, and the temperature is 50-60 ℃ after passing through the low-temperature side 10 of the temperature difference power generation sheet.
The fourth cascade channel is composed of a desulfurization and denitrification device 19, a heat exchanger outlet stop valve 29, a heat exchanger outlet regulating valve 30, a combined heat exchanger 4 and a thermoelectric generation piece low-temperature side 10.
One path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to the original exhaust system stop valve 48 and is exhausted to the atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve 29 and the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve 30 and enters the combined heat exchanger 4 to heat the organic working medium of the ORC generator set, and then enters the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermal channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through the flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece is 50-60 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas heat source is in the.
The fifth cascade channel consists of an electric dust collector 2, a thermoelectric generation sheet high-temperature side regulating valve 3, a thermoelectric generation sheet high-temperature side regulating valve outlet check valve 40, a thermoelectric generation sheet high-temperature side 11, a thermoelectric generation sheet high-temperature side check valve 41, a mixing box 47 and a desulfurization and denitrification device 19;
the working process of the fifth step: one path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to the original exhaust system stop valve 48 to exhaust the atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device 19 passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve 29 and the desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve 30 to enter the combined heat exchanger 4, the organic working medium of the ORC generator set is heated, and then enters the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature of a gas heat source in the thermodynamic channel is 80-95 ℃ and 60-75 ℃ through the flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the flue gas after passing through the low-temperature side 10 of the thermoelectric generation piece is 50-60 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas heat source is in the fifth step.
The temperature of the heat sources of the fifth step, the fourth step, the second step and the first step is from low to high, and the temperature difference of the heat exchange ends is reduced, so that the combined heat exchanger 4 can fully exchange heat, the organic working medium is heated and efficiently evaporated, and the efficiency of a thermodynamic system of the ORC generator 6 and the power generation efficiency are effectively improved; the third step is a high-temperature side heat source of the thermoelectric generation piece, the fourth step and the fifth step are low-temperature side heat sources of the thermoelectric generation piece, the temperature difference of 40-60 ℃ can be realized at the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece 12, and the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric generation set 15 is effectively improved.
Claims (2)
1. The system for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation is characterized by comprising a power generation system, a carbon dioxide compression and separation system and a flue gas waste heat step recovery system; the power generation system comprises a combined heat exchanger, an expander, an ORC generator, a cooler, a working medium pump outlet stop valve, a low-temperature side of a temperature difference power generation piece, a high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation piece, a thermistor, a temperature difference power generation switch, a temperature difference power generation set and a DC/AC inverter, wherein the ORC generator is connected with a compression separator switch, the temperature difference power generation set is connected with a user supply switch, the ORC generator is connected with the user supply switch, the power of the ORC generator and the temperature difference power generation set is supplied to a power grid changeover switch, the power grid is connected with the compression; the expansion machine is connected with an ORC generator, the temperature difference power generation sheet is connected with the high-temperature side connection end of the DC/AC inverter through a thermistor, and the temperature difference power generation sheet is connected with the low-temperature side connection end of the DC/AC inverter through a temperature difference power generation switch; the DC/AC inverter is connected with the thermoelectric generation set, and the thermoelectric generation set is connected with the compression separator switch and the user switch; the high-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet is connected with the electric dust collector through a high-temperature side regulating valve of the thermoelectric generation sheet; the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is respectively connected with the compression separator and the combined heat exchanger; the expansion machine is respectively connected with the combined heat exchanger and a cooling water outlet of the cooler; the combined heat exchanger is connected with a working medium pump outlet stop valve, and the working medium pump outlet stop valve is connected with a working medium pump; the working medium pump is connected with a cooling water inlet of the cooler; the carbon dioxide compression and separation system consists of a compression separator, a carbon dioxide collector, a nitrogen collector, a check valve, an induced draft fan, a power grid change-over switch and a switch from a power grid to the compression separator; the compression separator is connected with the carbon dioxide collector and the nitrogen collector; a draught fan is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the compression separator and the nitrogen collector; a check valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the compression separator and the carbon dioxide collector; the flue gas waste heat step recovery system comprises an electric dust remover, a combined heat exchanger, a cooler and a desulfurization and denitrification device; the electric dust collector is connected with the combined heat exchanger through a rear adjusting valve of the heat exchanger; the electric dust remover is respectively connected with the electric dust removing ash flushing pool and the electric dust removing ash collecting bucket, and the electric dust remover is connected with the desulfurization and denitration device.
2. The system control method for capturing carbon dioxide by power plant flue gas waste heat power generation is characterized in that flue gas of a coal-fired power plant passes through the flue gas of claim 1 to a heat exchanger stop valve and then passes through a combined heat exchanger to heat an organic working medium of an ORC generator set; then the flue gas flows through a pipeline check valve of a flue gas-to-heat exchanger rear regulating valve and enters an electric dust remover for dust removal; the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger through the first cascade channel is 110-170 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet is 90-140 ℃; after the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant is dedusted by an electric precipitator, the flue gas passes through a combined heat exchanger to heat the organic working medium of an ORC generator set, is connected with a regulating valve of a desulfurization and denitration device which flows through the heat exchanger, then passes through an inlet mixing box of the desulfurization and denitration device to be connected with the desulfurization and denitration device, the temperature of the flue gas entering the combined heat exchanger through a second step channel is 105-160 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas at an outlet is 95-130 ℃; the hot water of the desulfurization and denitration device is collected from the water trap of the desulfurization and denitration device at the bottom of the desulfurization and denitration device, passes through the outlet regulating valve of the water trap of the desulfurization and denitration device and then flows through the combined heat exchanger, the organic working medium of the ORC generator set is heated and then enters the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet, after the low-temperature side heat exchange is carried out on the thermoelectric generation sheet, enters the desulfurization and denitrification device when the water trap of the desulfurization and denitrification device is closed by the regulating valve after passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, or when the water collector of the desulfurization and denitrification device is opened through the low-temperature side rear adjusting valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet, the water enters the bottom of the electric dust collector to complete hydraulic flushing and ash removal, so that particle dust in the flue gas enters an electric dust collecting and ash flushing pool, the inlet temperature of a water heat source of the third step channel is 80-95 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 65-75 ℃ through the combined heat exchanger or the temperature is 50-60 ℃ through the low-temperature side rear adjusting valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet; one path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to an original exhaust system stop valve to exhaust atmosphere, the other path of the desulfurization and denitrification device passes through a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet stop valve and a desulfurization and denitrification device heat exchanger outlet regulating valve to enter a combined heat exchanger to heat an organic working medium of an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) generator set and then enters the low-temperature side of a thermoelectric generation sheet, the temperature of a gas heat source of a fourth step channel is 80-95 ℃ through a flue gas inlet of the combined heat exchanger, the temperature of outlet flue gas is 60-75 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas passing through the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation sheet is; the method comprises the following steps that flue gas flows out of an outlet of an electric dust collector, enters a high-temperature side of a temperature difference power generation sheet through an outlet check valve of a high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet and an outlet check valve of a high-temperature side regulating valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet to perform high-temperature side heat exchange, then enters a high-temperature side check valve of the temperature difference power generation sheet through a desulfurization and denitration device, enters the desulfurization and denitration device through an inlet mixing box of the desulfurization and denitration device to perform desulfurization and denitration purification on the flue gas, the inlet temperature of a flue gas heat source of a fifth step channel passing through the high-temperature side of the temperature difference power generation sheet is 105-160 ℃, the outlet temperature is 90-120 ℃, organic working media are evaporated under the thermal action of a combined heat exchanger, then the phase change process of evaporation and condensation; under the condition of bilateral heat exchange at the low-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece and the high-temperature side of the thermoelectric generation piece, the thermoelectric generation piece is acted on the thermoelectric generation piece, and the thermistor and the thermoelectric generation switch are connected to realize thermoelectric generation of the thermoelectric generation set; the power generation system supplies power to the customer and to the compression separator; the power generation system comprises an ORC generator and a temperature difference power generation set; providing power from the grid and the power generation system to the carbon dioxide compression separation system; the power of the temperature difference power generation set is supplied to the compression separator through the temperature difference power generation set to the compression separator switch, the power of the ORC generator is supplied to the compression separator through the ORC generator to the compression separator switch, the conditions that the temperature of carbon dioxide is 30-35 ℃ and the pressure is 6.0-7.5MPa are maintained under the action of the compression separator, the carbon dioxide flows out of the compression separator after being liquefied and enters a carbon dioxide collector through a pipeline check valve of the carbon dioxide collector, and meanwhile, nitrogen in the flue gas flows out of the compression separator and then acts on the nitrogen collector through a draught fan, so that the capture and separation functions of the carbon dioxide are realized; the electric power of the temperature difference power generation group is supplied to a user switch through the temperature difference power generation group, the electric power of the ORC power generator is supplied to a user switch through the ORC power generator, the electric power of the ORC power generator is supplied to a power grid switch through the ORC power generator and the temperature difference power generation group, and the electric power is supplied to the compression separator through the power grid and the compression separator switch from the power grid; meanwhile, when the switch from the power grid to the compression separator is turned on, the power required by the compression separator is supplied by the power from the power grid, so that the power supply of the compression separator is ensured, and the carbon dioxide compression separation system works normally.
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