CN109680828A - 一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体 - Google Patents
一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,由单元组装砌块、单元连接砌块组成。单元组装砌块分三种类型,左右两端均设有榫头,中部左右两侧均设有孔洞,上下两侧、一侧中部设有榫头而形成十字形、T字形,上下两侧中部设有卯眼而形成一字形。单元连接砌块上下端、左右侧分别设有相应卯眼。以一字型砌块为中心,配以十字形或T字形砌块,可形成不同部位的砌块单元。砌块单元与单元连接砌块间通过榫卯连接而形成墙体。为便于构造钢筋的穿入,可在单元组装砌块两侧壁内预留孔洞,在单元连接砌块侧壁外设置凹槽;为便于保温板的外侧固定,可在单元组装砌块前侧中部设置榫头。本装配墙体具有砌块间榫卯连接、可单元化生产、湿作业少等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑墙体砌块,尤其是一种装配式砌块。
背景技术
装配式建筑是近年来国家大力发展的一种建筑结构体系,因其能够实现预制部品部件在工地现场拼装,从而可以大幅度减少现场湿作业,缩短工期,提高工程质量,符合绿色建筑的理念要求。填充墙体作为框架结构、框架-剪力墙结构、剪力墙结构、筒体结构等结构的非承重构件,能够实现空间的分割与维护,是建筑的重要组成部分。多年来填充墙体一直采用人工现场砌筑的建造方式,由于块体需要人工逐一砌筑,使得砌筑工程在整个施工周期中占有较大的比重;由于砌筑工人的专业水平不同,使得砌筑质量存在参差不齐等问题;由于砌块间需要砂浆粘结,需要较大数量的水泥、砂等建筑材料,使得砌筑工程现场湿作业大且墙体拆除后砌块难以再次利用,不利于绿色建筑的发展。
装配式砌块的出现,可大幅度减少现场湿作业,是实现建筑墙体装配式施工的重要条件。然而现阶段的装配式砌块普遍具有形状复杂,连接繁琐,水平连接不紧密等特点,既不便于装配式施工又不便于抗震设防连接;同时,适用于寒冷地区有外保温要求的装配式砌块普遍采用保温板内置于砌块,既不便于竖向插筋又不利用墙体保温。
发明内容
为克服现有装配式砌块形状复杂、装配繁琐、保温板内置等问题,本发明提供了一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,砌块间通过榫卯连接,形成具有咬合功能的砌块单元,砌块单元间再通过榫卯连接,形成建筑墙体,从而实现墙体的单元化装配式施工。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,包括单元组装砌块及单元连接砌块。单元组装砌块有三种类型,第一种是砌块上下侧中部均设有榫头的十字形单元组装砌块,第二种是砌块上下侧中部均设有卯眼的一字型单元组装砌块,第三种是砌块上侧或下侧设有榫头的T字形单元组装砌块,三种单元组装砌块左右两端均设有榫头,中部榫头左右两侧均设有孔洞。由一字型砌块作为中央砌块分别与上下侧的十字形砌块共计三个砌块通过榫卯连接形式组装成丰字形标准砌块单元。为形成规则墙体形状,位于墙体最底部、最顶部的单元组装砌块采用T字形砌块。单元连接砌块为四棱柱体,左右侧内分别设有与单元组装砌块端部榫头相对应的卯眼,上下侧内分别设有与十字形砌块中部榫头相对应的卯眼。为便于水平抗震拉结钢筋的穿入,可在单元组装砌块前后侧壁内设有可供钢筋穿入的圆形孔洞,在单元连接砌块前后侧壁外表面设有半圆形凹槽,此凹槽与单元组装砌块侧壁内预留圆形孔洞在砌块单元组装后处于同一标高处,可实现水平抗震拉结钢筋的体内体外交叉穿入;为实现外墙保温板的装配式施工,可根据需要在单元组装砌块中的一字形砌块外表面设有榫头,以便固定保温板材。
本发明的有益效果是:一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,可通过单元组装砌块间榫卯连接形成砌块单元,既能够实现砌块之间的紧密连接又能够实现砌块单元工厂化生产,改善现有填充墙体装配形式;单元组装砌块与单元连接砌块间通过榫卯连接形成填充墙体,实现了砌块单元间的紧密连接;单元组装砌块和单元连接砌块均设有供水平抗震拉结钢筋体内、体外交叉穿入的预留孔洞,即可便于拉结钢筋的穿入又能够减少现阶段为固定拉结钢筋所需的现场湿作业工作量;单元组装砌块中部左右两侧均设有孔洞,组装成墙体后可形成竖向连续孔洞,便于竖向插筋及灌孔;在单元组装一字形砌块外表面增设榫头,可实现外墙保温板外侧固定,既方便施工又提高保温效果。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为十字形单元组装砌块;
图2为一字形单元组装砌块;
图3为T字形单元组装砌块;
图4为设有固定保温板榫头的T字形单元组装砌块;
图5为侧壁内预留圆形孔洞的单元组装砌块;
图6为单元连接砌块;
图7为侧壁外表面设有凹槽的单元连接砌块;
图8为丰字形标准砌块单元;
图9为由砌块单元与单元组装砌块组装成的部分墙体;
图10为由侧壁内预留圆形孔洞的砌块单元与侧壁外表面设有凹槽的单元连接砌块组装成的部分墙体;
图11为由设有固定保温板榫头的砌块单元与单元组装砌块组装成的部分外墙体。
图中1.砌块端部榫头,2.砌块中部榫头,3.砌块孔洞,4.砌块中部卯眼,5.砌块外侧榫头,6.预留孔洞,7.单元连接砌块端部卯眼,8.单元连接砌块侧壁卯眼,9.侧壁凹槽,10.T字形单元组装砌块,11.一字形单元组装砌块,12.十字形单元组装砌块,13.单元连接砌块。
具体实施方式
一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体由单元组装砌块及单元连接砌块装配而成。单元组装砌块中部左右两侧均设有孔洞3,左右两端均设有榫头1,其中十字形单元组装砌块上下表面中部设有榫头2,T字形单元组装砌块上表面或下表面中部设有榫头2,一字形单元组装砌块上下表面中部设有与中部榫头2相对应的卯眼4,单元连接砌块为四棱柱体,上下表面中部设有与十字形单元组装砌块榫头2相对应的端部卯眼7,左右两侧设有与单元组装砌块端部榫头1相对应的侧壁卯眼8。
【实施例1】
根据墙体部位的不同,采用不同的组装方式。为实现墙体底部、顶部表面的平整,分别采用T字形单元组装砌块10作为砌块单元的底部、顶部,砌块单元中部采用一字形单元组装砌块11,顶部、底部采用十字形单元组装砌块12,形成具有一个中部榫头2突出的底部、顶部砌块单元。对于墙体中部,以一字形单元组装砌块11为中心,上下侧配以十字形单元组装砌块12,形成具有两个中部榫头2突出的丰字形标准砌块单元,如图8所示。底部砌块单元左右两端分别与单元连接砌块13通过榫卯连接的形式进行拼装,多组底部砌块单元规则排列形成墙体底层砌体,将墙体中部丰字形标准砌块单元下侧突出的榫头2与单元连接砌块13上侧的卯眼7连接,形成砌块单元间的榫卯连接及错位砌筑,再将丰字形砌块单元左右两端的榫头1分别与单元连接砌块13侧壁卯眼8连接,多组砌块单元规则排列形成砌块墙体的第二层,按此规则层层砌筑,最终形成具有砌块单元内、砌块单元间榫卯连接形式且能够实现砌块内孔洞竖直贯通的填充墙体,如图9所示。
【实施例2】
为便于填充墙体内水平抗震拉结钢筋的设置,可在单元组装砌块前后两侧壁内预留圆形孔洞6,在单元连接砌块前后侧壁外表面设有相应的凹槽9,按实施例1中的方式进行组装,形成如图10所示的可实现水平抗震拉结钢筋体内体外交叉穿入的装配式填充墙体。
【实施例3】
对于有保温要求的建筑外墙体,可在一字形单元组装砌块前侧中部增设榫头5,以便于固定保温板。按照实施例1中的的方式进行组装,形成如图11所示的能够实现保温板外侧固定的装配式填充墙体。
Claims (6)
1.一种装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,由单元组装砌块、单元连接砌块(13)装配而成,其特征在于:单元组装砌块分十字形单元组装砌块(12)、T字形单元组装砌块(10)和一字形单元组装砌块(11)三种类型,以一字形单元组装砌块(11)为中心,上下侧各配以十字形单元组装砌块(12),形成榫卯连接的可用于墙体中部的砌块单元,以一字形单元组装砌块(11)为中心,配以T字形单元组装砌块(10)和十字形单元组装砌块(12),形成榫卯连接的可用于墙体底部或顶部的砌块单元。砌块单元与单元连接砌块间通过榫卯连接,形成可单元化生产的装配式填充墙体。
2.根据权利1要求所述的装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,其特征在于单元组装砌块左右端均设有榫头(1),砌块中部左右侧设有对称的孔洞(3),十字形单元组装砌块(12)上下侧表面中部设有对称的榫头(2),T字形单元组装砌块(10)上侧或下侧表面中部设有榫头(2),一字形单元组装砌块(11)上下侧表面中部设有对称的且与十字形单元组装砌块(12)、T字形单元组装砌块(10)中部榫头相对应的卯眼(4)。
3.根据权利1要求所述的装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,其特征在于单元连接砌块(13)为四棱柱体,上下侧表面设有对称的且与十字形单元组装砌块(12)中部榫头相对应的卯眼(7),左右侧对称设有三个与单元组装砌块左右端端部榫头(1)相对应的卯眼(8)。
4.根据权利2要求所述的装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,其特征在于十字形单元组装砌块(12)、T字形单元组装砌块(10)、一字形单元组装砌块(11)可根据需要在主体前后表面内对称设有可便于构造钢筋穿入的预留孔洞(6),以满足抗震水平拉结钢筋的穿入。
5.根据权利3要求所述的装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,其特征在于单元连接砌块(13)可根据需要在左右侧壁表面设有满足与权利4要求中所述构造钢筋穿入位置相对应的凹槽(9),以满足抗震水平拉结钢筋的穿入。
6.根据权利2要求所述的装配式砌块及其组成的填充墙体,其特征在于一字形单元组装砌块(11)可根据需要在其前表面中部设有榫头(5),以便于在砌块墙体外侧固定保温板,实现寒区保温墙体装配化施工。
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WO2015192764A1 (zh) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | 段炼山 | 一种空心砌块及用其砌筑的墙体 |
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