CN109679146A - A kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel Download PDF

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CN109679146A
CN109679146A CN201811006681.7A CN201811006681A CN109679146A CN 109679146 A CN109679146 A CN 109679146A CN 201811006681 A CN201811006681 A CN 201811006681A CN 109679146 A CN109679146 A CN 109679146A
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cellulose
mxene
composite aerogel
powder
preparation
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杨锐
谢曦
崔玉友
柏春光
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075Macromolecular gels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0073Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/02Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00Use of ingredients characterised by shape

Abstract

The present invention relates to aeroge and electromagnetic-wave absorbent field, specially a kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel.MAX phase ceramics powder is added first in the mixed aqueous solution of lithium fluoride, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid that certain proportion is deployed and performs etching to obtain MXene nanometer powder.Using cellulose sol method, cellulose powder is added in the mixed aqueous solution of a certain proportion of sodium hydroxide and urea, is cooled to subzero 12 DEG C and transparent cellulose mixed solution is prepared.The temperature is kept, MXene nanometer powder is added into cellulose mixed solution, appropriate epoxychloropropane is then added is sufficiently stirred and be chemically crosslinked.Temperature is improved, obtained homogeneous mixture is subjected to gel reaction.Jel product is oriented freezing, obtains MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel using freeze-drying process.Composite aerogel of the present invention has the characteristics such as low-density, high porosity, absorbing property are good, suction wave frequency section is wide, and suitable large-scale application easy to use is in aerospace field.

Description

A kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel
Technical field
The present invention relates to aeroge and electromagnetic-wave absorbent field, specially a kind of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel Preparation method.
Background technique
Excessive electromagenetic wave radiation interferes electronic equipment, influences human health, high performance microwave absorbing material has because of it Dissipative electromagnetic microwave emissivity and receive more and more attention.It is generally believed that ideal electromagnetic wave absorbent material should meet The strict demand of light weight, Absorber Bandwidth and high-selenium corn efficiency.By using hydrofluoric acid or the mixed solution of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid Etching removal layered ternary ceramic MAX phase is (such as: Ti2AlC、Nb2AlC etc.) in metal layer (such as: aluminium), prepare functionalization Transition metal carbides nanometer sheet MXene.Studies have shown that this material has excellent heat to electricity conversion and electrochemical energy The performances such as storage.The lamella MXene of the two-dimentional transition metal carbides nanometer sheet of functionalization made from this method is a kind of Numerous functional groups is contained on high conductivity ceramic material with nanometer laminated structure, surface, such as: oxygen functional group, hydroxyl official It can roll into a ball with fluorine functional group, help can be provided for further chemical crosslink reaction, while it is extremely strong hydrophilic that itself is had Performance.Based on polarization and conduction loss mechanism, MXene can have very strong absorbing property, but not related so far Occur in the relevant report of MXene composite aerogel.
Preparing aeroge or foam-based microwave absorbing material is proved to be to realize lighting, wide absorption band and high-selenium corn The effective way of performance.Wherein, the cellulose especially obtained from natural plants is due to its low density, high elastic modulus and height Specific surface area and be suitable for construct porous network structure aeroge.In addition, the hydrophilic surface of cellulose contains a large amount of hydroxyl Base, this is conducive to them and combines in covalent reaction with other functional groups and form the cross-linked structure between hydrogen bond.MXene and fibre The surface nature for tieing up both plain materials is similar to, and shows there is good crosslinking ability between them.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that MXene can not be produced out aerogel material, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of suctions Wave, lightweight MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel preparation method, overcome traditional handicraft prepare MXene/ resin inhale wave material The shortcomings that high density of material, low conductivity, low absorbing property and narrow absorption.The compound airsetting of MXene/ cellulose prepared by the present invention Glue density low absorption efficiency is high, and effective Absorber Bandwidth is big, high production efficiency, and method is easy, is easy to industrialization large-scale production Using.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, using chemical etching, cellulose sol gel, chemistry Crosslinking and orientation freeze-drying series of steps prepare the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel of orienting stephanoporate structure, and raw material uses MAX phase ceramics powder, MXene and cellulose;
It performs etching to obtain firstly, MAX phase ceramics powder is added in the mixed aqueous solution of lithium fluoride, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid MXene nanometer powder;Then, using cellulose sol method, the mixing that sodium hydroxide and urea is added in cellulose powder is water-soluble In liquid, it is cooled to subzero 10~15 DEG C and transparent cellulose mixed solution is prepared, and keep the temperature, by MXene nanometers Powder is added into cellulose mixed solution;Then, addition chemical cross-linking agent, which is sufficiently stirred, is chemically crosslinked, and improves temperature extremely 25~40 DEG C of progress gel reactions;Finally, the product of gel reaction is carried out freeze-drying process, it is multiple to obtain MXene/ cellulose Close aeroge.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, the granularity of raw material MAX phase ceramics powder are as follows: 20~ 800 nanometers or 1~50 micron, the granularity of cellulose powder is 5~100 microns.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, raw material MAX phase ceramics powder pass through chemical etching The step of MXene needed for prepared by means, the formula of chemical etching solution: the molar ratio of LiF, HCl, HF and water is n (LiF): n (HCl): n (HF): water=(1~5): (1~5): 1:(10~100);Etch period is 1~40 hour, and temperature is 10~250 DEG C, MXene nanometer powder is obtained by etching.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel configures fiber using cellulose sol gel step Plain mixed solution, the formula of cellulose mixed solution: cellulose, NaOH, urea and water mass ratio be cellulose: NaOH: urine Element: water=(1~10): (2~20): (4~30): 100.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, in chemical crosslinking step, chemical cross-linking agent is Chemical cross-linking agent and MXene are added in cellulose mixed solution and carry out chemical crosslinking processing by epoxychloropropane, chemical crosslinking The mass ratio of agent, MXene and cellulose is 1:(1~30): (1~3).
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel uses liquid nitrogen in orientation freeze-drying step Auxiliary freezing equipment is oriented freezing to plural gel, and freezing rate is 1~100mm/min.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, in orientation freeze-drying step, dry vacuum Degree is 0.01~10Pa.
The preparation method of the MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, cellulose passes through covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bond action will MXene is interconnected, and the quality of cellulose and MXene are 1:1~10 than range.
Design philosophy of the invention is:
Compared with the conventional method, the present invention is solidifying by using chemical etching, cellulose sol using a kind of mild method Glue, chemical crosslinking and orientation freeze-drying series of steps preparation have the fiber of MXene mutually overlapped hierarchical network architecture MXene is assembled into a 3D conductive network by plain composite aerogel, this preparation method.Wherein, cellulose passes through covalent cross-linking Play the part of bridge beam action with hydrogen bond action, MXene is interconnected, it is gentle that the addition of crosslinking agent then further enhances crosslinking degree The integral strength of gel.By the high conduction performance of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel and the characteristic of low-density, realize lightweight, The characteristic of high-selenium corn.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the present invention is using chemical etching, cellulose sol gel, chemical crosslinking and orientation freeze-drying series of steps Method successfully prepares the composite aerogel of the MXene/ cellulose with cross-linked network structure.
2. the level porous structure of aerogel composite of the present invention provides more multiple reflection effects, effective attenuation into Enter the electromagnetic wave of material internal, while also enhancing the conductivity of MXene network, further enhance the conduction loss of the material, increases The absorbent properties of strong electromagnetic wave.
3. aerogel composite of the present invention has typical low-density (0.1~0.3g/cm3), there is excellent minimum Reflection loss, absorbing property reach -40dB or more, and effective absorption band is greater than 5GHz.
4. the ideal material that the aerogel composite of lightweight of the present invention, high electromagnetic wave absorption performance is aerospace applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Ti in embodiment 13AlC2The electron scanning photo of powder.
Fig. 2 is the Ti that chemical etching obtains in embodiment 13C2The electron scanning photo of powder.
Fig. 3 is Ti in embodiment 13C2The digital photos and XCT photo of/cellulose composite aerogel.In figure, (a) is Ti3C2The digital photos of/cellulose composite aerogel (b) are Ti3C2The XCT photo of/cellulose composite aerogel is (c) (a) Cross section (cross-section) tissue topography, (d) be (b) longitudinal section (longitudinal section) tissue shape Looks.
Fig. 4 is Ti in embodiment 13C2The electron scanning photo of/cellulose composite aerogel.
Fig. 5 is Ti in embodiment 13C2The electromagnetic wave absorption performance picture of/cellulose composite aerogel.In figure, abscissa Frequency is represented electro-magnetic wave absorption frequency (GHz), and ordinate RL represents electro-magnetic wave absorption intensity (dB).
Specific embodiment
In the specific implementation process, the method for the present invention can be applied to micron and nano-scale MXene powder and other MXene Powder/cellulosic material system, specifically with a kind of preparation method explanation of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel.First by MAX Phase ceramics powder is added in the mixed aqueous solution of lithium fluoride, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid that certain proportion is deployed and performs etching to obtain MXene nanometer powder.Using cellulose sol method, cellulose powder is added to the mixing of a certain proportion of sodium hydroxide and urea In aqueous solution, it is cooled to subzero 12 DEG C and transparent cellulose mixed solution is prepared, keep the temperature, by MXene nano powder End is added into cellulose mixed solution, appropriate epoxychloropropane is then added is sufficiently stirred and be chemically crosslinked, and improves temperature, Obtained homogeneous mixture is subjected to gel reaction.Jel product is oriented freezing, is obtained using freeze-drying process To MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel.
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but does not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel the preparation method is as follows:
1. being Ti by the chemical etching name of an article3AlC2MAX phase ceramics powder prepare Ti3C2.In typical chemical etching mistake The molar ratio of LiF, HCl, HF and water is n (LiF) by Cheng Zhong: n (HCl): n (HF): water=2:3:1:100, and it is poly- at 500 milliliters Gentle agitation in propylene bottle.Then, by Ti3AlC2Powder (200 nanometers of granularity, 20 grams) is added gradually in the mixture, and will Reaction is maintained at 40 DEG C and continues 10 hours.Products therefrom is washed through deionized water and is centrifuged 5 times.Finally, using vacuum freeze drying The Ti that device is dried to obtain3C2Powder.
2. collosol and gel preparation is carried out to cellulose by alkali metal hydroxide sodium/urea liquid, by cellulose powder (grain Degree is 5 microns), NaOH, urea and water mass ratio be wt% (cellulose): wt% (NaOH): wt% (urea): wt% (water) =5:7:12:100, mixes, and forms uniform solution, is then cooled to -12 DEG C in advance, and it is molten that cellulose mixing can be obtained Liquid.
3. by epoxychloropropane and Ti3C2Powder, which is added in cellulose mixed solution, carries out chemical crosslinking processing, epoxy chlorine Propane and Ti3C2And mass ratio wt% (epoxychloropropane): wt% (Ti of cellulose3C2): wt% (cellulose)=1:6:1.5. Then it is carried out ultrasonic treatment 10 minutes, is vigorously stirred 30 minutes, products therefrom pours into mold and saves 3 small at room temperature When, form Ti3C2/ cellulose aquagel.Gained hydrogel is washed with deionized 6 times, removes alkali metal hydroxide/urea Component.
4. gained hydrogel, which is placed on liquid nitrogen auxiliary freezing equipment, is oriented freezing to plural gel, freezing rate is 4mm/min.Then it is lyophilized with freeze-dryer, dry vacuum degree is 5Pa, obtains Ti3C2/ cellulose composite aerogel.
In the present embodiment, cellulose is interconnected MXene by covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bond action, cellulose and MXene Quality than range be 1:4, technical indicator is as follows: density 0.31g/cm3, porosity 90%, absorbing property: -37dB inhales 2~18GHz of wave frequency section.
As shown in Figure 1, the Ti from embodiment 13AlC2The electron scanning photo of powder can be seen that its pattern without organ shape Lamellar structure, specification are 20~400 nanometers of thickness, 50~800 nanometers of width.
As shown in Fig. 2, the Ti that chemical etching obtains from embodiment 13C2The electron scanning photo of powder can be seen that it Pattern has organ shape lamellar structure, and piece interlayer generates removing after chemical etching.
As shown in figure 3, the Ti from embodiment 13C2The digital photos and XCT photo of/cellulose composite aerogel can be seen Out, the material of preparation is macroscopically being also the lamellar structure of long-range order.
As shown in figure 4, the Ti from embodiment 13C2The electron scanning photo of/cellulose composite aerogel can be seen that macroscopic view The material of lamellar structure is to be made of on microcosmic nanoscale twins, and 40~80 microns of macroscopical lamellar spacing, piece interlayer is continuous 30~60 microns of lamella bore hole size.
As shown in figure 5, the Ti from embodiment 13C2The electromagnetic wave absorption performance picture of/cellulose composite aerogel can be seen Out, absorbing property: -37dB inhales 2~18GHz of wave frequency section.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel the preparation method is as follows:
1. being Nb by the chemical etching name of an article2The MAX phase ceramics powder of AlC prepares Nb2C, specification be thickness 30~ 300 nanometers, 100~500 nanometers of length.It is n by the molar ratio of LiF, HCl, HF and water during typical chemical etching (LiF): n (HCl): n (HF): water=3:4:1:100, the gentle agitation in 500 milliliters of polypropylene vials.Then, by Nb2AlC powder Last (180 nanometers of granularity, 30 grams) are added gradually in the mixture, and reaction is maintained at 30 DEG C and continues 20 hours.Gained produces Object is washed through deionized water and is centrifuged 5 times.Finally, the Nb being dried to obtain with vacuum freeze dryer2C powder.
2. collosol and gel preparation is carried out to cellulose by alkali metal hydroxide sodium/urea liquid, by cellulose powder (grain Degree is 100 microns), NaOH, urea and water mass ratio be wt% (cellulose): wt% (NaOH): wt% (urea): wt% (water)=6:8:17:100, mixes, and forms uniform solution, is cooled to -12 DEG C in advance then to get molten to cellulose mixing Liquid.
3. by epoxychloropropane and Nb2C powder, which is added in cellulose mixed solution, carries out chemical crosslinking processing, epoxy chlorine Propane and Nb2Mass ratio wt% (epoxychloropropane): wt% (Nb of C and cellulose2C): wt% (cellulose)=1:12:1.5. Then it is carried out ultrasonic treatment 20 minutes, is vigorously stirred 60 minutes, products therefrom pours into mold and saves 5 small at room temperature When, form Nb2C/ cellulose aquagel.Gained hydrogel is washed with deionized 8 times, removes alkali metal hydroxide/urea Component.
4. gained hydrogel, which is placed on liquid nitrogen auxiliary freezing equipment, is oriented freezing to plural gel, freezing rate is 3mm/min.Then it is lyophilized with freeze-dryer, dry vacuum degree is 5Pa, obtains Nb2C/ cellulose composite aerogel.
In the present embodiment, cellulose is interconnected MXene by covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bond action, cellulose and MXene Quality than range be 1:6, specification is 50~100 microns of macroscopical lamellar spacing, piece interlayer serialgram layer bore hole size 20~40 microns, technical indicator is as follows: density 0.4g/cm3, porosity 80%, absorbing property: -43dB inhales wave frequency section 2 ~18GHz.
Embodiment the result shows that, by the present invention in that with the mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid or lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid etch remove Metal layer (such as: aluminium) in layered ternary ceramic MAX phase, prepares the transition metal carbides nanometer sheet of functionalization MXene, and compound aeroge is prepared for condensating fiber element.MXene powder and cellulose are prepared into mixed gel solution, then cold It is lyophilized dry, the composite aerogel of preparation has that low-density, high porosity, absorbing property are good, the inhale wave frequency section characteristics such as wide, user Just it is suitble to large-scale application in aerospace field.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel, which is characterized in that use chemical etching, cellulose sol Gel, chemical crosslinking and orientation freeze-drying series of steps prepare the compound airsetting of MXene/ cellulose of orienting stephanoporate structure Glue, raw material use MAX phase ceramics powder, MXene and cellulose;
It performs etching to obtain firstly, MAX phase ceramics powder is added in the mixed aqueous solution of lithium fluoride, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid MXene nanometer powder;Then, using cellulose sol method, the mixing that sodium hydroxide and urea is added in cellulose powder is water-soluble In liquid, it is cooled to subzero 10~15 DEG C and transparent cellulose mixed solution is prepared, and keep the temperature, by MXene nanometers Powder is added into cellulose mixed solution;Then, addition chemical cross-linking agent, which is sufficiently stirred, is chemically crosslinked, and improves temperature extremely 25~40 DEG C of progress gel reactions;Finally, the product of gel reaction is carried out freeze-drying process, it is multiple to obtain MXene/ cellulose Close aeroge.
2. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that raw material MAX The granularity of phase ceramics powder are as follows: 20~800 nanometers or 1~50 micron, the granularity of cellulose powder is 5~100 microns.
3. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 2, which is characterized in that raw material MAX Phase ceramics powder by chemical etching means prepare needed for MXene the step of, the formula of chemical etching solution: LiF, HCl, HF and The molar ratio of water is n (LiF): n (HCl): n (HF): water=(1~5): (1~5): 1:(10~100);Etch period is 1~40 Hour, temperature is 10~250 DEG C, obtains MXene nanometer powder by etching.
4. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 3, which is characterized in that use fiber Plain collosol and gel step configures cellulose mixed solution, the formula of cellulose mixed solution: cellulose, NaOH, urea and water Mass ratio is cellulose: NaOH: urea: water=(1~10): (2~20): (4~30): 100.
5. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 4, which is characterized in that handed in chemistry Join in step, chemical cross-linking agent is epoxychloropropane, and chemical cross-linking agent and MXene are added in cellulose mixed solution and carried out Chemical crosslinking processing, the mass ratio of chemical cross-linking agent, MXene and cellulose are 1:(1~30): (1~3).
6. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cold orienting Freeze in drying steps, freezing is oriented to plural gel using liquid nitrogen auxiliary freezing equipment, freezing rate is 1~100mm/ min。
7. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that fixed Into freeze-drying step, dry vacuum degree is 0.01~10Pa.
8. the preparation method of MXene/ cellulose composite aerogel according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that fiber Element is interconnected MXene by covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bond action, and the quality of cellulose and MXene are 1:1~10 than range.
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Application publication date: 20190426