CN109678631A - A kind of two dimension energetic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of two dimension energetic material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109678631A CN109678631A CN201910083830.8A CN201910083830A CN109678631A CN 109678631 A CN109678631 A CN 109678631A CN 201910083830 A CN201910083830 A CN 201910083830A CN 109678631 A CN109678631 A CN 109678631A
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- dimensional nano
- fuel element
- energetic material
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- oxidant constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/02—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising particles of diverse size or shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-dimentional energetic materials, and at least one of oxidant constituents and fuel element are class grapheme two-dimension material, and have been made into two-dimensional nano piece.The oxidant constituents are MoO3Or MnO2, content is 10%~90%, and the fuel element is one of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Si or P, and content is 10%~90%.The present invention makes two-dimensional material together with Energetic Nanomaterials perfect combination, solves the bad dispersibility of Energetic Nanomaterials, and particle is easy to reunite, and instantaneous exothermic heat difference problem has also expanded the application of two-dimension nano materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE energetic material fields, and in particular to a kind of two dimension energetic material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Energetic material refers to containing explosive group or is made of, can independently be changed oxidant and incendiary agent
Learn reactive combustion or explosion and the simple substance compound or mixture that export energy.Wherein, Composite Energetic Materials most species and
Power is huge, is studied extensively.Current Composite Energetic Materials researcher has been devoted to develop the new formula of energetic material, mentions
High-energy rate of release, to promote the power of Composite Energetic Materials.In numerous methods for improving Composite Energetic Materials power,
The fuel element and oxidant constituents particle size of refinement composition Composite Energetic Materials are currently the most important one kind.It refine to and receives
The so-called Nanocomposite Energetic Materials of metrical scale show big advantage, such as increase the interface of fuel element and oxidant constituents
Contact reduces diffusion length, improves mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency, and then mentions the reaction rate being accordingly formulated, the power containing energy significantly
It rises；Reaction temperature can also be reduced, so that metal material be allow to start to react in lower temperature.Nanometer MoO3(three oxidations
Molybdenum)/nanometer aluminium powder constitutes compound system is a kind of important Nanocomposite Energetic Materials, and theoretical heat content density is 4.6kJ/g,
It is 0.6kJ/g higher than Al/CuO system, it is one of general high-energy density aluminothermy system containing energy, current thus there are many researchers to throw
Enter novel MoO3The exploitation of/nanometer Al system Nanocomposite Energetic Materials formula and preparation method.There is researcher to utilize nanometer MoO3
It is prepared for nano composite system with nanometer Al physical blending, reports that performance is big compared with micron mixed system thermal discharge and reaction rate
To improve；There is researcher to utilize micron MoO3With nanometer Al, the nano combined system containing energy is obtained by ball milling, also improves system
Thermal discharge and reaction rate；But nano particle is directly blended that there are agglomeration traits, has side effect to improvement；And ball milling
Mixing is easy to cause temperature to rise and has processing dangerous.Therefore there is researcher to be prepared for nanometer Al and nanometer using sputter deposition
MoO3Nano lamellar composite energy-containing system, discovery can also improve the thermal discharge and reaction rate of system, and to a certain degree
It can control and be directly blended there are agglomeration traits, avoid grinding and cause processing dangerous.But deposition method equipment is expensive, processing item
Part requires harsh and processing temperature to want strict control, cannot be too high, this is unfavorable for functionization.Therefore, it is badly in need of new nanometer Al/ to receive
Rice MoO3Composite energy-containing system or new processing method overcome these deficiencies.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of two-dimentional energetic materials and preparation method thereof.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of two dimension energetic material, at least one of oxidant constituents and fuel element are class grapheme two-dimension material,
And have been made into two-dimensional nano piece.The two-dimensional material be its a kind of material condensed state structure it is microcosmic be layer structure, layer
It is Van der Waals force between layer, the material in layer between atom for chemical bond force.The material has nano-lamellar structure, and thickness is one
A or several atomic layer level thickness, at most no thicker than 10 atomic layers, width/thickness size ratio > 10 times or more, therefore have very
Big specific surface area is very beneficial for the absorption and combination of nanometer fuel element Yu nano oxygen agent component, also further increases
The contact of nanometer fuel element and nano oxygen agent component is conducive to the two directly reaction, and then is conducive to heat release and is based on institute
The brisance for stating material is promoted；Simultaneously as two-dimension nano materials derive from some special stratified materials, these stratified materials
Coating combination be non-bond forces, therefore after two-dimensional nano sheet, then be overlapped, the probability reunited is less than Conventional nano particle.
Therefore it can be to avoid reunion.
The oxidant constituents include metal oxide, and most crucial includes MoO3Or MnO2, content is 10%~90%,
The content of the fuel element is 10%~90%, including metal or nonmetallic, and most crucial includes Al, Mg, B, Ti, Si, P
Deng.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned preparation methods of two-dimentional energetic material, include the following steps:
The preparation of S1, two-dimensional nano sheet component；
The preparation of S2, two-dimentional energetic material；
(1) the first situation: oxidant constituents are two-dimensional nano sheet component, but when the non-two-dimensional nano piece of fuel element,
Fuel element uses nanometer fuel；
A1, in vacuum glove box, weigh a certain amount of nanometer fuel and be dissolved in solvent, then by itself and oxidant constituents two
Nanometer sheet mixing is tieed up, water content is less than 1ppm in the glove box, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
A2, system will be mixed in A1 and is placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C drying 24 hours, i.e.,
Obtain the two-dimensional nano energetic material；
(2) second situation: fuel element is two-dimensional nano sheet component, but when the non-two-dimensional nano piece of oxidant constituents,
Oxidant constituents use nano oxygen agent；
B1, in vacuum glove box, weigh a certain amount of nano oxygen agent and be dissolved in solvent, then by itself and fuel element two
Nanometer sheet mixing is tieed up, water content is less than 1ppm in the glove box, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
B2, system will be mixed in B1, is placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C drying 24 hours, i.e.,
Obtain the two-dimensional nano energetic material；
(3) the third situation: oxidant constituents and fuel element are two-dimensional nano sheet component,
C1, in vacuum glove box, oxidant constituents and the two-dimensional nano piece of fuel element are mixed, in the glove box
Water content is less than 1ppm, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
C2, system will be mixed in C1, is placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C drying 24 hours, i.e.,
Obtain the two-dimensional nano energetic material.
Further, the step S1 uses liquid phase stripping method, specifically, at room temperature, by a certain amount of oxidant constituents
Or fuel element ultrasonic disperse in certain solvent (nitrogen-nitrogen dimethylformamide), ultrasonic agitation places it in big after 0.5~2 hour
It is removed 6~12 hours in power Ultrasound Instrument；Material dispersion system after completing removing is placed in supercentrifuge, 8000~
Under 12000r/s revolving speed, 20min is extracted in centrifugation at room temperature, takes supernatant stand-by.
It is worth noting that, the step S1 can also use laser ablation method, specifically, by a certain amount of oxidant group
Divide or the bulk of fuel element is placed under certain laser beam, after laser irradiation certain time and certain position, can be obtained two
Tie up nanometer sheet.
It is worth noting that, the step S1 can also use micromechanics stripping method, specifically, being bonded using adhesive tape
The bulk of oxidant constituents or fuel element tears and shells the adhesive tape, at this point, the laminar nano piece left on adhesive tape is corresponding component
Two-dimensional nano piece.
It is worth noting that, the step S1 is inserted into up-stripping bulk method using chemistry, specifically, first by oxidant
Component or fuel element are carried out oxidation processes or are impregnated using sulfuric acid, lithium electrolyte, then using liquid phase removing or micromechanics
Stripping method can be obtained the two-dimensional nano piece of corresponding component.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) preparation method makes two-dimensional material together with Energetic Nanomaterials perfect combination, solves Energetic Nanomaterials
Bad dispersibility, particle is easy to reunite, and instantaneous exothermic heat difference problem has also expanded the application of two-dimension nano materials.
2) simple using ultrasonic mixing method preparation method, required equipment is cheap, without ball mill, magnetron sputtering etc.,
Equipment is conducive to non-hazardous in a large amount of preparations and preparation process, also avoids nanometer Al and nanometer MoO3Between reacted in advance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
At room temperature, 4g nanometers of MoO are taken3For ultrasonic disperse in nitrogen-nitrogen dimethylformamide (DMF), ultrasonic agitation will after 2 hours
It is placed in large power supersonic instrument and removes 12 hours, the 2D MoO that then will have been removed3It is placed in 12000r/s in supercentrifuge,
At room temperature, 20min is extracted in centrifugation, takes supernatant stand-by, contains MoO by calculating in supernatant3Quality 600mg；
It weighs 400mg nanometer aluminium powder in vacuum glove box to be dissolved in nitrogen-nitrogen dimethylformamide (DMF), by itself and removing
Good 2D MoO3Supernatant mixes, and water content is less than 1ppm in the glove box, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case
Gas, the system that then will be mixed, is placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, and 160~180 DEG C of dryings 24 hours are to get to two
Tie up Nanocomposite Energetic Materials A.
Gained two-dimensional nano Composite Energetic Materials A is subjected to heat analysis under 20 DEG C/min, it is high to obtain its corresponding heat enthalpy value
In micron level MoO3/ micron Al mixed system, also it is excellent in Michelle L.Pantoya report nano aluminum and nanometer MoO3
The heat enthalpy value of mixed system.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of two dimension energetic material, which is characterized in that at least one of its oxidant constituents and fuel element are class graphene
Two-dimensional material, and it has been made into two-dimensional nano piece.
2. a kind of two-dimentional energetic material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the oxidant constituents are MoO3, content
It is 10%~90%, the fuel element is one of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Si or P, and content is 10%~90%.
3. a kind of preparation method of two-dimentional energetic material as described in claim 1, which comprises the steps of:
The preparation of S1, two-dimensional nano sheet component；
The preparation of S2, two-dimentional energetic material；
(1) the first situation: oxidant constituents are two-dimensional nano sheet component, but when the non-two-dimensional nano piece of fuel element, fuel
Component uses nanometer fuel；
A1, in vacuum glove box, weigh a certain amount of nanometer fuel and be scattered in solvent, then by its two with oxidant constituents
Nanometer sheet mixing is tieed up, water content is less than 1ppm in the glove box, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
A2, system being mixed in A1 and being placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C of dryings 24 hours are to get arriving
The two-dimensional nano energetic material；
(2) second situation: fuel element is two-dimensional nano sheet component, but when the non-two-dimensional nano piece of oxidant constituents, oxidation
Agent component uses nano oxygen agent；
B1, in vacuum glove box, weigh a certain amount of nano oxygen agent and be scattered in solvent, then by its two with fuel element
Nanometer sheet mixing is tieed up, water content is less than 1ppm in the glove box, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
B2, system being mixed in B1, being placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C of dryings 24 hours are to get arriving
The two-dimensional nano energetic material；
(3) the third situation: oxidant constituents and fuel element are two-dimensional nano sheet component,
C1, in vacuum glove box, the oxidant constituents of two-dimensional nano sheet and fuel element are mixed, water in the glove box
Content is less than 1ppm, and oxygen content is less than 1ppm, and nitrogen is full of in case；
C2, system being mixed in C1, being placed in a vacuum drying oven, casting film-forming, 160~180 DEG C of dryings 24 hours are to get arriving
The two-dimensional nano energetic material.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the step S1 uses liquid phase stripping method, specifically, room
Under temperature, by a certain amount of oxidant constituents or fuel element ultrasonic disperse in certain solvent, ultrasonic agitation will after 0.5~2 hour
It is placed in large power supersonic instrument and removes 6~12 hours；The material dispersion system after removing will be completed to be placed in supercentrifuge,
It is centrifuged and extracts under 8000~12000r/s revolving speed, take supernatant stand-by.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910083830.8A CN109678631B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Two-dimensional energetic material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201910083830.8A CN109678631B (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Two-dimensional energetic material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109678631A true CN109678631A (en) | 2019-04-26 |
| CN109678631B CN109678631B (en) | 2020-12-22 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2029502A2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2009-03-04 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Ordered nanoenergetic composites and synthesis method |
| CN104988560A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 重庆大学 | Production method of Al/MoO3 nano-thermite energetic film |
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2019
- 2019-01-29 CN CN201910083830.8A patent/CN109678631B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2029502A2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2009-03-04 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Ordered nanoenergetic composites and synthesis method |
| CN104988560A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 重庆大学 | Production method of Al/MoO3 nano-thermite energetic film |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 赵娜: "火焰法制备Al /MoO3纳米片阵列的影响因素", 《含能材料》 * |
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