CN109676525B - Special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of complex inner flow channel of impeller - Google Patents

Special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of complex inner flow channel of impeller Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109676525B
CN109676525B CN201910013292.5A CN201910013292A CN109676525B CN 109676525 B CN109676525 B CN 109676525B CN 201910013292 A CN201910013292 A CN 201910013292A CN 109676525 B CN109676525 B CN 109676525B
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China
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impeller
clamp
base
fixture
abrasive
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CN201910013292.5A
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CN109676525A (en
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孙玉利
赵路
柯泰龙
汤张喆
卢文壮
左敦稳
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a complicated inner flow way abrasive flow finish machining special fixture of impeller, its characterized in that includes: the fixture comprises a fixture base (1), an outer fixture supporting ring (2), an inner fixture supporting ring (3), an upper fixture cover (4), supporting blocks (5), an impeller base (6), a sealing ring (7), an upper impeller cover (8), an impeller sleeve (9) and a threaded rod (10), wherein a closed flow channel is formed after the fixture and an impeller (11) are assembled, and grinding materials reciprocate from the closed flow channel to machine the inner impeller flow channel.

Description

Special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of complex inner flow channel of impeller
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compressor impeller machining technology, in particular to a technology for machining an inner cavity of an impeller by using abrasive flow machining equipment, and specifically relates to a special fixture for abrasive flow finishing machining of a complex inner runner of the impeller.
Background
The rotors of various compressors are provided with a large number of impellers, the shapes of the impellers are complex, after the impellers are printed by a 3D technology, the surfaces of the impellers can be finished by a traditional grinding and polishing method, but the most important part of the impellers, namely an internal complex flow passage, is difficult to finish by a traditional method, and the smoothness degree of the internal flow passage directly influences the performance of the compressor, so that an effective method for reducing the surface roughness of an internal cavity is urgently needed. The abrasive flow technology is a novel mechanical processing method, and the method is to reduce the surface roughness by leading the soft elastic abrasive to flow through the surface to be processed under the action of pressure to remove burrs, and is particularly suitable for parts with complex inner hole flow passages.
One of the key factors in abrasive flow processing is the design of the corresponding clamp, and the good clamp can realize double improvement of efficiency and effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the precise machining of the surfaces of the complex runners of the inner holes of the rotors of the existing various compressors is inconvenient, and designs a set of reasonable and conveniently-usable special fixture for abrasive particle flow finishing machining of the complex runners of the impellers, so that the grinding of the inner runners of workpieces is realized, and the surfaces of the impellers are protected from being damaged.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a runner abrasive flow finish machining special fixture in impeller complicacy which characterized in that, it includes: the clamp comprises a clamp base 1, an outer clamp support ring 2, an inner clamp support ring 3, an upper clamp cover 4, a support block 5, an impeller base 6, a seal ring 7, an upper impeller cover 8, an impeller sleeve 9 and a threaded rod 10, wherein the clamp base 1 is placed on a grinding cylinder workbench under a grinding particle flow machining and adding machine, the bottom of the impeller base 6 is provided with three grooves, the surface of the clamp base 1 is provided with three corresponding grooves which are tightly matched with the impeller base 6 through the support block 5, the impeller 11 is placed on the impeller base 6, the upper impeller cover 8 and the impeller sleeve 9 are sequentially placed on the impeller 11, the threaded rod 10 is spirally matched with a threaded hole in the middle of the impeller base 6 through a middle hole of the impeller 11, so that the impeller 11 is fixed on the impeller base 6, the outer clamp support ring 2 and the inner clamp support ring 3 are placed in the grooves on the clamp base 1, the lower surface of the upper clamp cover 4 is provided, after the whole clamp is completely assembled, the grinding materials are squeezed into the base hole of the clamp base 1 from the lower grinding cylinder, flow through the inner hole of the impeller 11 to be processed along the closed flow channel, enter the upper grinding cylinder from the small hole of the clamp upper cover 5, and are squeezed into the inner hole of the impeller 11 from the upper grinding cylinder to enter the lower grinding cylinder in the lower stroke, so that the effect of processing the inner hole of the impeller is achieved. After the whole clamp is completely assembled, the grinding materials are squeezed into the base hole of the clamp base 1 from the lower grinding cylinder, flow through the inner hole of the impeller 11 to be processed along the closed flow channel, enter the upper grinding cylinder from the small hole of the clamp upper cover 5, and are squeezed into the inner hole of the impeller 11 from the upper grinding cylinder to enter the lower grinding cylinder in the lower stroke, so that the effect of processing the inner hole of the impeller is achieved.
The fixture base 1 is a 45-steel disc, a through hole is formed in the center of the fixture base and used for enabling abrasive materials to enter and exit, 2 circular grooves with the same depth are formed in the surface of the fixture base and used for fixing an outer support ring 2 and an inner support ring 3 of the fixture, three uniformly distributed deep grooves are formed in the periphery of the through hole and used for placing support blocks 5 to be matched with the impeller base 6, and therefore the impeller base 6 is supported and fixed.
The outer support ring 2 of anchor clamps and anchor clamps inner support ring 3 be cyclic annular, the design has two same degree of depth ring channels on anchor clamps base 1, outer support ring 2 of anchor clamps and inner support ring 3 of anchor clamps are placed respectively in the outside and inboard, silica gel piece is placed to anchor clamps inner support ring 3 and anchor clamps base 1 contact surface, can utilize pressure to fill up the space, avoid the abrasive material to get into in the space between outer support ring 2 of anchor clamps and the inner support ring 3 of anchor clamps, inner support ring 3 of anchor clamps is used for retraining the runner, thereby reduce the cavity volume, improve the abrasive material utilization ratio, outer support ring 2 of anchor clamps is used for supporting anchor clamps upper cover 4, thereby avoid the anchor clamps body atress inequality and destroyed.
When the outer support ring 2 of the clamp is matched with the clamp base 1 and the clamp upper cover 4, the surfaces of the clamp base 1 and the clamp upper cover 4 are provided with grooves, so that the circumferential positioning of the outer support ring 2 of the clamp is realized.
The bottom of the impeller base 6 is a nylon disc, the lower surface of a workpiece can be protected from being damaged by a clamp by nylon materials, a step circle is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the impeller base 6 and is used for being matched and clamped with the lower surface of the workpiece, a threaded hole is formed in the center of the impeller base 6 and is used for being matched with the threaded rod 10 to fix the impeller 11, a sealing ring 7 is arranged on a boss ring arranged on the circumferential part of the upper surface of the impeller base 6, the sealing effect is achieved, abrasive materials are prevented from being embedded, three grooves are uniformly distributed in the bottom surface of the impeller base 6 and are used for connecting the.
The sealing ring 7 is placed in a groove designed in the impeller base 6, and the impeller 11 is pressed on the sealing ring 7 by pressure to generate elastic deformation, so that the bottom of the impeller is isolated from external abrasive materials, and the bottom of the impeller is protected from being eroded by the abrasive materials.
Impeller upper cover 8 be the nylon material goods, its lower surface and 11 upper surfaces of impeller all are the cambered surface and closely cooperate, the nylon material can reduce 11 upper surface damages of impeller, impeller upper cover 8 has ring cladding impeller 11 all around, protects specific characteristic not to be destroyed, closely cooperates with anchor clamps upper cover 4 and impeller 11 through machine tool pressure.
The impeller sleeve 9 is made of nylon and is sleeved on the upper portion of the impeller, the upper vulnerable surface can be protected from being in direct contact with the outer clamp body, in an experiment, the contact surface of the impeller sleeve 9 and the impeller is sealed by paraffin, and small-particle abrasive particles are prevented from entering a gap between the impeller 11 and the impeller sleeve 9 and damaging the machined surface of the impeller 11.
The bottom end of the threaded rod 10 is provided with threads for matching with a central threaded hole of the impeller base 6, and the upper end of the threaded rod is tightly pressed with the central threaded hole of the impeller 11 after complete matching, so that the processed threaded hole can be protected, and the damage of abrasive materials to the threaded hole is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a set of reasonable and usable combined clamp for processing the abrasive flow of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller.
The clamp base 1, the clamp outer support ring 2, the clamp inner support ring 3, the clamp upper cover 4, the support block 5, the impeller base 6, the seal ring 7, the impeller upper cover 8, the impeller sleeve 9, the threaded rod 10 and the impeller 11 are integrally matched to form a closed flow channel, and the closed flow channel is matched with an abrasive flow processing machine tool to perform processing of reciprocating up and down for multiple times, so that the utilization efficiency and the processing efficiency of abrasive are improved on the basis of ensuring the finishing processing quality of the flow channel in the impeller.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an impeller workpiece.
FIG. 2 is an assembly drawing of the special fixture for abrasive particle flow finishing of the complex inner flow channel of the impeller.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the impeller base.
Fig. 4 a schematic view of a threaded rod.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the impeller upper cover.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fixture base.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the upper cover of the clamp.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an outer support ring of the clamp.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a support ring within the clamp.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the support block.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-10.
The utility model provides a special fixture of complicated interior runner abrasive flow finish machining of impeller, the three-dimensional appearance of the compressor impeller of this embodiment is as shown in figure 1, and whole special fixture includes: the clamp comprises a clamp base 1, an outer clamp support ring 2, an inner clamp support ring 3, an upper clamp cover 4, a support block 5, an impeller base 6, a seal ring 7, an upper impeller cover 8, an impeller sleeve 9 and a threaded rod 10, wherein the clamp base 1 is placed on a grinding cylinder workbench under a grinding particle flow machining and adding machine, the bottom of the impeller base 6 is provided with three grooves, the surface of the clamp base 1 is provided with three corresponding grooves which are tightly matched with the impeller base 6 through the support block 5, the impeller 11 is placed on the impeller base 6, the upper impeller cover 8 and the impeller sleeve 9 are sequentially placed on the impeller 11, the threaded rod 10 is spirally matched with a threaded hole in the middle of the impeller base 6 through a middle hole of the impeller 11, so that the impeller 11 is fixed on the impeller base 6, the outer clamp support ring 2 and the inner clamp support ring 3 are placed in the grooves on the clamp base 1, the lower surface of the upper clamp cover 4 is provided, after the whole clamp is completely assembled, the grinding materials are squeezed into the base hole of the clamp base 1 from the lower grinding cylinder, flow through the inner hole of the impeller 11 to be processed along the closed flow channel, enter the upper grinding cylinder from the small hole of the clamp upper cover 5, and are squeezed into the inner hole of the impeller 11 from the upper grinding cylinder to enter the lower grinding cylinder in the lower stroke, so that the effect of processing the inner hole of the impeller is achieved. After the whole clamp is completely assembled, the grinding materials are squeezed into the base hole of the clamp base 1 from the lower grinding cylinder, flow through the inner hole of the impeller 11 to be processed along the closed flow channel, enter the upper grinding cylinder from the small hole of the clamp upper cover 5, and are squeezed into the inner hole of the impeller 11 from the upper grinding cylinder to enter the lower grinding cylinder in the lower stroke, so that the effect of processing the inner hole of the impeller is achieved. As shown in fig. 2, the whole set of the fixture is composed of an inner fixture and an outer fixture, wherein the outer fixture comprises: the clamp comprises a clamp base 1 (figure 6), a clamp outer support ring 2 (figure 8) and a clamp upper cover 4 (figure 7). The inner clamp includes: the fixture comprises an inner support ring 3 (figure 9), an impeller base 6 (figure 3), an impeller upper cover 8 (figure 5), an impeller sleeve 9 and an impeller threaded rod 10 (figure 4).
The fixture base 1 is a 45-steel disc, a through hole is formed in the center of the fixture base for abrasive to enter and exit, 2 circular grooves are formed in the surface of the fixture base and used for fixing an outer support ring 2 and an inner support ring 3 of the fixture, three uniformly distributed deep grooves are formed in the periphery of the through hole and used for placing the lower ends of supporting blocks 5 shown in the figure 10, and the upper ends of the supporting blocks are matched with the impeller base 6 and inserted into slots in the lower portion of the impeller base 6. Impeller base 6 (fig. 3) is the nylon disc, the nylon material can protect work piece (compressor impeller) lower surface not by anchor clamps damage, impeller base 6 upper surface center has the step circle to be used for with the work piece lower surface cooperation press from both sides tightly, impeller base 6 center has a screw hole, be used for with threaded rod 10 cooperation fixed impeller 11, processing has the recess of placing the sealing washer on the boss ring of impeller base 6 upper surface circumference part, play the sealed effect that prevents the abrasive material embedding, three recess of 6 bottom surfaces evenly distributed of impeller base is used for supporting shoe 5 to connect, thereby fix impeller base 6 on anchor clamps base 1. The whole clamp is pressed tightly by the upper and lower grinding cylinders of the machine tool. The threaded rod 10 has the first function in the fixture that the workpiece (the compressor impeller) is firmly fixed on the impeller base 6 through the screwing match of the external threads at the bottom of the threaded rod and the impeller base 6, so that the workpiece (the compressor impeller) is prevented from moving in position in the machining process and damaging the surface which does not need to be machined. And the diameters of the upper end and the lower end of the threaded rod 10 are different, and a step ring generated by the threaded rod and the step ring can press the machined threads in the center of the impeller after being screwed, so that the threaded hole is protected from abrasive entering and damaging the machined threaded hole.
When the fixture is assembled, the supporting block 5 is firstly placed into the three grooves of the fixture base 1, the three grooves corresponding to the bottoms of the impeller bases 6 are placed on the three supporting blocks, so that the impeller bases 6 are fixed, the sealing rings 7 are placed on the impeller bases 6, the impellers are fixed on the impeller bases 6 by screwing the threaded rods 10, the upper impeller covers 8 and the impeller sleeves 9 are sequentially placed to protect the upper surfaces of the impellers, the inner supporting ring 3, the outer supporting ring 2 of the fixture and the upper fixture cover 4 of the fixture are placed, and the whole fixture is assembled.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
before processing, abrasive materials are placed into a lower abrasive material cylinder, an assembled fixture is integrally placed in an upper workbench of the lower abrasive material cylinder, a machine tool is started to be assembled, after processing parameters are set, the abrasive materials are squeezed into an inner cavity of the fixture from the lower abrasive material cylinder through a through hole of a fixture base, enter from small holes of an impeller along a designed flow channel and are squeezed into an upper abrasive material cylinder along a spiral flow channel. In the lower stroke, the grinding material is extruded from the upper hole of the impeller and enters the lower grinding material cylinder along the flow passage, and the lower grinding material cylinder is a complete stroke. After the machining is finished, the workpiece is placed into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for cleaning, then a high-pressure air gun is used for blow-drying redundant moisture, and a roughness measuring instrument is used for measuring the roughness of the inner surface.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a runner abrasive flow finish machining special fixture in impeller complicacy which characterized in that, it includes: the abrasive flow grinding clamp comprises a clamp base (1), an outer clamp supporting ring (2), an inner clamp supporting ring (3), an upper clamp cover (4), supporting blocks (5), an impeller base (6), a sealing ring (7), an upper impeller cover (8), an impeller sleeve (9) and a threaded rod (10), wherein the clamp base (1) is arranged on a workbench of an abrasive flow machining machine tool, the impeller base (6) is fixed on the clamp base (1) through the three supporting blocks (5), the impeller is arranged on the impeller base (6), the threaded rod (10) penetrates through a central hole of the impeller (11) and is in threaded connection with a central threaded hole of the impeller base (6) to fix the impeller on the impeller base (6), meanwhile, grinding materials are prevented from damaging the machined threads in the center of the impeller (11), the upper impeller cover (8) and the impeller sleeve (9) are sequentially arranged on the impeller (11), a fixing groove is formed in the clamp base (1), the outer support ring (2) and the inner support ring (3) of the clamp are placed on a fixing groove of a clamp base (1), the corresponding fixing groove on an upper cover (4) of the clamp is assembled on the outer support ring (2) and the inner support ring (3) of the clamp, after the whole clamp is completely assembled, the grinding materials are extruded into a base hole of the clamp base (1) from a lower grinding cylinder, flow through an inner hole to be processed of the impeller (11) along a closed flow passage and enter an upper grinding cylinder from a small hole of the upper cover (4) of the clamp, and in the lower stroke, the grinding materials are extruded into the inner hole of the impeller (11) from the upper grinding cylinder to enter the lower grinding cylinder, so that the reciprocating is realized, and the purpose of processing the inner hole of the impeller is achieved; the clamp base (1) is a 45-steel disc, a through hole is formed in the center of the clamp base for abrasive to enter and exit, 2 circular grooves with the same depth are formed in the surface of the clamp base and used for fixing an outer support ring (2) of the clamp and an inner support ring (3) of the clamp, three uniformly distributed deep grooves are formed in the periphery of the through hole and used for placing support blocks (5) to be matched with the impeller base (6), and therefore the impeller base (6) is supported and fixed; the clamp outer support ring (2) and the clamp inner support ring (3) are annular, two annular grooves with the same depth are designed on the clamp base (1), the clamp outer support ring (2) and the clamp inner support ring (3) are respectively placed in the outer annular grooves and the inner annular grooves, a silica gel sheet is placed on the contact surface of the clamp inner support ring (3) and the clamp base (1) to fill up a gap by utilizing pressure, abrasive is prevented from entering the gap between the clamp outer support ring (2) and the clamp inner support ring (3), the clamp inner support ring (3) is used for constraining a flow channel, the size of a cavity is reduced, the utilization rate of the abrasive is improved, the clamp outer support ring (2) is used for supporting the clamp upper cover (4), and damage caused by uneven stress of a clamp body is avoided.
2. The special fixture for abrasive particle flow finishing in the complicated inner runner of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein when the outer support ring (2) of the fixture is matched with the fixture base (1) and the fixture upper cover (4), the surfaces of the fixture base (1) and the fixture upper cover (4) are provided with grooves, so that the circumferential positioning of the outer support ring (2) of the fixture is realized.
3. The special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the impeller base (6) is a nylon disc, the nylon material can protect the lower surface of a workpiece from being damaged by the fixture, a step circle is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the impeller base (6) and is used for being matched and clamped with the lower surface of the workpiece, a threaded hole is arranged in the center of the impeller base (6) and is used for being matched and fixed with a threaded rod (10) to fix the impeller (11), a boss ring for placing a sealing ring (7) is arranged on the circumferential portion of the upper surface of the impeller base (6) to play a role in sealing and prevent abrasive from being embedded, and three grooves are uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the impeller base (6) and are used for embedding the supporting block (5), so that the.
4. The special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein the seal ring (7) is placed in a groove designed on the impeller base (6), and the impeller (11) is pressed against the seal ring (7) by pressure to generate elastic deformation, so that the bottom of the impeller is isolated from outside abrasive materials, and the bottom of the impeller is protected from being eroded by the abrasive materials.
5. The special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein the upper cover (8) of the impeller is made of nylon, the lower surface of the upper cover (8) of the impeller and the upper surface of the impeller (11) are tightly matched through cambered surfaces, the damage to the upper surface of the impeller (11) can be reduced due to the nylon, and the impeller (11) is covered by a ring around the upper cover (8) of the impeller to protect specific characteristics from being damaged and is tightly matched with the upper cover (4) of the fixture and the impeller (11) through machine tool pressure.
6. The special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein the impeller sleeve (9) is made of nylon and is sleeved on the upper portion of the impeller to protect the vulnerable surface of the upper portion of the impeller from being in direct contact with the outer fixture body.
7. The special fixture for abrasive particle flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 6, wherein the contact surface of the impeller sleeve (9) and the impeller is sealed by paraffin wax, so that small abrasive particles are prevented from entering a gap between the impeller (11) and the impeller sleeve (9) and damaging the surface of the processed impeller (11).
8. The special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of the complicated inner flow channel of the impeller according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the threaded rod (10) is provided with threads for matching with a central threaded hole of the impeller base (6), and after the threaded rod is completely matched with the central threaded hole of the impeller (11), the upper end of the threaded rod is pressed tightly, so that the machined threaded hole can be protected, and the threaded hole is prevented from being damaged by abrasive materials.
CN201910013292.5A 2019-01-07 2019-01-07 Special fixture for abrasive flow finishing of complex inner flow channel of impeller Active CN109676525B (en)

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CN112091815B (en) * 2020-06-30 2022-06-24 江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司 Special clamp for flow channel between blades of closed blisk polished by abrasive flow
CN112025535B (en) * 2020-07-27 2022-04-05 西安航天发动机有限公司 Abrasive flow finishing device for multi-blade grid part
CN112355722B (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-06-04 亚太泵阀有限公司 Method for machining impeller of submersible sewage pump
CN112476226B (en) * 2020-12-03 2022-11-18 首都航天机械有限公司 Device and method for improving polishing uniformity of abrasive flow in complex flow channel
CN113910096B (en) * 2021-10-26 2023-10-03 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 Abrasive particle flow finishing device and method for annular part runner
CN114161310A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-11 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 Shape-following abrasive particle flow clamp for titanium alloy integral impeller
CN115256238B (en) * 2022-08-16 2023-06-02 江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司 Subarea echelon abrasive particle flow finishing processing method for uniformity of variable-section deep and narrow inner cavity
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