CN109673067B - Metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube, a preparation method thereof and a high-temperature-resistant material. The heating pipe comprises a metal pipe base body, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe base body from inside to outside, the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is composed of polyimide and white graphene according to the mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-16), and the high-temperature-resistant far infrared electric heating layer is composed of polyimide and graphene according to the mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-21). When the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe is used, the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is electrified to generate heat, and water or oil and other media flowing through the heating pipe are heated by heat in two modes of heat conduction and infrared radiation, so that heat loss caused by poor heat conduction is reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heating pipes, and particularly relates to a metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe, a preparation method thereof and a high-temperature-resistant material.
Background
A heating tube is a device that converts electrical energy into heat. At present, electric energy is converted into heat energy in a plurality of ways, and according to different technical principles, the electric energy can be heated by far infrared rays, semiconductors, PTC, electric heating films, electromagnetism, microwaves, silicon nitride and the like. Heating tubes of conventional tubular heating structures are also widely used in modern household electrical appliances, particularly water heaters.
The traditional heating pipe is a metal heating pipe or a quartz heating pipe, the pipe wall is made of metal or quartz, the heating wire is made of nickel-chromium alloy or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, the space between the heating wire and the pipe wall is filled with modified magnesium oxide powder, heat generated by the heating wire under the condition of electrifying is transferred to the metal pipe wall through the filler, and then water or oil and other media are heated; although the traditional metal heating pipe has outstanding advantages, the scaling problem cannot be avoided when the metal heating pipe is used, and the hidden danger of electric leakage and water leakage is easily caused in the use process; the traditional quartz heating pipe adopts a water-electricity separation mode, can avoid scaling phenomenon, but has poor heat conduction performance, so that heat energy is easily wasted in the heating process, and the quartz heating pipe is easy to explode under the conditions of extreme cold, extreme heat and mechanical force.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN108507151A discloses an infrared heating water heater, which comprises a cylinder and an infrared heating sheet arranged in the cylinder, wherein the infrared heating sheet comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and an infrared radiation generation layer, the insulating layer is one of a polyethylene terephthalate layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polydiallyl diglycol carbonate layer, a silicone rubber layer and a polyimide resin layer, and the infrared radiation generation layer is one of a carbon black layer, a micro-nano graphite powder layer, a carbon nanofiber layer, a carbon nanotube layer and a graphene layer. When the infrared heating plate is used, the infrared radiation generating layer in the infrared heating plate is electrified to generate infrared radiation which is absorbed by water flowing through the infrared heating plate, so that the temperature of the water is raised. After the infrared heating sheet is electrified and heated, the surrounding insulating layer inevitably has certain heat absorption phenomenon due to poor heat conduction performance, so that the heat efficiency of the heating structure still needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe to solve the problem that an existing heating structure is low in heat efficiency.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far infrared heating tube, so as to solve the problem of low thermal efficiency of the existing heating structure.
The third purpose of the present invention is to provide a high temperature resistant material to solve the problem of poor high temperature resistance of the existing material during the heating process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far infrared heating pipe is as follows:
a metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe comprises a metal pipe base body, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe base body from inside to outside, the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is composed of polyimide and white graphene in a mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-16), and the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is composed of polyimide and graphene in a mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-21).
According to the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe provided by the invention, the metal pipe substrate ensures the ductility, mechanical and thermal shock resistance of the heating pipe, the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer provides good insulativity and heat conduction capability, and the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer provides good heating efficiency and heating rate; when the heating tube is used, the high-temperature-resistant far infrared electric heating layer is electrified to generate heat, and the heat heats media such as water or oil flowing through the heating tube in two modes of heat conduction and infrared radiation, so that the heat loss caused by unsmooth heat conduction is reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the metal tube substrate is stainless steel or copper, in view of both mechanical and heat transfer properties and cost.
In order to further improve the heating efficiency and heating rate of the high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer, the mechanical property of the electric heating layer and the combination property of the electric heating layer and the high-temperature resistant insulating heat dissipation layer, the thickness of the high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer is preferably 18-26 μm.
In order to further improve the insulativity and the heat conduction capability of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and simultaneously take the mechanical property of the heat dissipation layer and the combination property of the metal tube substrate and the high-temperature-resistant far infrared electric heating layer into consideration, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is preferably 18-24 mu m.
The preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far infrared heating pipe adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the white graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipation slurry; uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry;
2) coating high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation slurry outside the metal tube substrate, and drying to form a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer; and coating the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry outside the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-radiating layer, and drying to form the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal layer.
The preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far infrared heating pipe provided by the invention is simple in preparation process, the obtained heating pipe is not easy to break, the safety in installation and use can be ensured, and the service life is long; the preparation method can reduce the scaling of the heating pipe, improve the heating efficiency and the heat conduction efficiency and improve the heat utilization rate on the premise of fully ensuring the use safety.
In order to improve the mixing quality of the polyimide solution and the graphene or white graphene and prepare uniform mixed slurry, preferably, in the step 1), the mass fraction of the polyimide solution is 15-20%. In order to further improve the mixing quality of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipating slurry and the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry and prepare a coating layer with good uniformity, preferably, in the step 1), the uniformly mixing comprises sequentially stirring, mixing and grinding and mixing, wherein the rotation speed of the grinding and mixing is 200-300r/min, and the time is 5-20 min.
In the step 2), preferably, the drying is performed at 80-160 ℃ for 100-70 min, the temperature is increased to 180-220 ℃ for 50-70min, and the temperature is increased to 250-300 ℃ for 50-70 min.
The technical scheme adopted by the high-temperature resistant material is as follows:
a high-temperature resistant material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-32 parts of polyimide and 3-21 parts of graphene or white graphene.
The high-temperature-resistant material provided by the invention comprises polyimide and graphene or white graphene, wherein the polyimide is used as a high-temperature binder and can form a uniformly dispersed high-temperature-resistant functional layer with the graphene or the white graphene, and the high-temperature-resistant functional layer has excellent high-temperature tolerance, is beneficial to the full exertion of the self characteristics of the graphene or the white graphene, and can be used for preparing an electric heating layer or a heat dissipation layer with good coating structure stability.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the practice of the invention. In the following examples, graphene is a commercially available conventional raw material, and can be purchased from a conventional commercial source or prepared by using a conventional technique, and the conventional technique for preparing graphene refers to the related contents of a redox method, a CVD method, a physical method, and the like.
The white graphene, i.e. the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet, can be purchased from conventional commercial sources or prepared by using the prior art, and the related prior art can refer to the related contents such as the preparation of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (li army et al, proceedings of shanxi university of science and technology, volume 33, phase 6 in 2015, 12 months, volume 33) and the like.
The polyimide solution was a commercially available conventional commercial product, model PAA-217, from new plastic materials, inc, fort, usa, and its solvent was NMP, and was used directly in the following examples.
In the preparation process of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer, the polyimide acts as a high-temperature-resistant binder, and in order to further improve the insulativity and the heat conduction capability of the heat dissipation layer, preferably, in the step 1), the addition amount of the white graphene relative to the polyimide solution is 2-10 wt%. In order to further improve the heating efficiency and heating rate of the electrothermal layer, the addition amount of the graphene is preferably 2 to 10 wt% with respect to the polyimide solution.
The high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipating slurry can be dried according to the following temperature-rising program: drying at 78-82 deg.C for 25-35min, heating to 115-125 deg.C, drying for 40-50min, heating to 155-165 deg.C, drying for 25-35min, heating to 175-185 deg.C, drying for 25-35min, heating to 195-205 deg.C, drying for 15-25min, heating to 215-225 deg.C, drying for 15-25min, and heating to 245-255 deg.C, drying for 25-35 min.
The high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry can be dried according to the following temperature rise program: drying at 78-82 ℃ for 25-35min, heating to 115-125 ℃ for drying for 40-50min, heating to 155-165 ℃ for drying for 25-35min, heating to 175-185 ℃ for drying for 25-35min, heating to 195-205 ℃ for drying for 15-25min, heating to 215-225 ℃ for drying for 15-25min, heating to 245-255 ℃ for drying for 25-35min, and heating to 295-305 ℃ for drying for 25-35 min.
Embodiment 1 of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube comprises a stainless steel tube substrate with a tube wall thickness of 1mm, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the stainless steel tube substrate from inside to outside, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is 23.2 microns and consists of polyimide and white graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62:15.1, and the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is 25.3 microns and consists of polyimide and graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62: 20.7.
Embodiment 2 of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube comprises a stainless steel tube substrate with a tube wall thickness of 1.5mm, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the stainless steel tube substrate from inside to outside, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is 20.9 micrometers and consists of polyimide and white graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62:9.3, and the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is 22.0 micrometers and consists of polyimide and graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62: 11.9.
Embodiment 3 of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube comprises a stainless steel tube substrate with a tube wall thickness of 2mm, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the stainless steel tube substrate from inside to outside, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is 18.7 micrometers and consists of polyimide and white graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62:3.8, and the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is 18.7 micrometers and consists of polyimide and graphene in a mass ratio of 31.62: 3.8.
Embodiment 1 of the preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube of the present invention describes a preparation process of embodiment 1 of the heating tube, and specifically includes the following steps:
1) adding 186g of polyimide solution with the solid content of 17 wt% into a beaker, adding 15.1g of white graphene powder into the polyimide solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry; and adding the mixed slurry into a three-roll grinder, and grinding for 10min at the speed of 230r/min to obtain the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipating slurry.
Coating 40g of high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipation slurry on the surface of a 304 stainless steel pipe (the wall thickness of the pipe is 1mm, the pipe diameter is 10cm, and the length of the pipe is 60cm), uniformly coating by adopting a roller coating mode, then placing the pipe into an air-blast drying box, drying the pipe for 30min at the temperature of 80 ℃, heating the pipe to 120 ℃, drying the pipe for 45min, heating the pipe to 160 ℃, drying the pipe for 30min, heating the pipe to 180 ℃, drying the pipe for 20min, heating the pipe to 200 ℃, drying the pipe for 20min, heating the pipe to 220 ℃, drying the pipe to 250 ℃ for 30min, taking out a heating pipe, and naturally cooling the heating pipe to room temperature to obtain the heating pipe coated with the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipation layer.
2) Adding 186g of polyimide solution with the solid content of 17 wt% into a beaker, adding 20.7g of graphene powder into the polyimide solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry; and adding the mixed slurry into a three-roll grinder, and grinding for 15min under the condition of 300r/min to obtain the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry.
Coating 42g of high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry on the surface of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer of the heating pipe obtained in the step 1), uniformly coating by adopting a roller coating mode, then putting the heating pipe into a blast drying box, drying at 80 ℃ for 30min, heating to 120 ℃ for 45min, heating to 160 ℃ for 30min, heating to 180 ℃ for 20min, heating to 200 ℃ for 20min, heating to 220 ℃ for 20min, heating to 250 ℃ for 30min, heating to 300 ℃ for 30min, taking out the heating pipe, and naturally cooling to room temperature to form the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal layer on the surface of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer.
3) Two copper rings with the width of 1cm and the thickness of 1.5mm are respectively fastened on the surfaces of the high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layers at two ends (1 cm away from the end surface) of the heating tube through screws to be used as electric connection electrodes, and then the final product is obtained.
In embodiment 2 of the preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far-infrared heating tube of the present invention, the formulations of the high-temperature resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and the high-temperature resistant far-infrared electric heating layer related to embodiment 2 of the heating tube are used, and the preparation is performed with reference to the method of embodiment 1 of the preparation method of the heating tube, except that the following drying procedure is adopted to dry the high-temperature resistant insulating heat dissipation slurry: oven drying at 100 deg.C for 80min, heating to 160 deg.C for 30min, heating to 200 deg.C for 40min, heating to 210 deg.C for 20min, heating to 250 deg.C for 30 min;
the following drying procedure was used to dry the high temperature resistant far infrared electro-thermal slurry: oven drying at 100 deg.C for 80min, heating to 160 deg.C for 30min, heating to 200 deg.C for 40min, heating to 210 deg.C for 20min, heating to 250 deg.C for 30min, and heating to 300 deg.C for 30 min.
In the preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube of the present invention, in example 3, the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating tube is prepared by referring to the preparation method of the heating tube in example 1, using the formulas of the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer related to the heating tube in example 3, respectively.
In the embodiments 1 to 3 of the high temperature resistant material of the present invention, the high temperature resistant material is composed of polyimide and white graphene, and the weight ratio of the polyimide and the white graphene is respectively consistent with the weight ratio of the corresponding components of the high temperature resistant insulating heat dissipation layer in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the heating tube.
In the embodiments 4 to 6 of the high temperature resistant material of the present invention, the high temperature resistant material is composed of polyimide and graphene, and the weight ratio of the polyimide and the graphene is respectively consistent with the weight ratio of the corresponding components of the high temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the heating tube.
Test examples
This test example examined the heating capacity of the heating tube of example 1. The dielectric strength of the heating pipe insulating layer is 200 kV/mm; during detection, a heating tube product is connected to a 220V alternating current power supply, the current is 7.3A, under the condition that the initial temperature is 24 ℃, the temperature of a 30s high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer is raised to 91 ℃, the temperature of a 1min high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer is raised to 165 ℃, the temperature of a 1.5min high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer is raised to 200 ℃, the temperature of a 2min high-temperature resistant far infrared electric heating layer is raised to 250 ℃, the heating tube product stably works at 250 ℃, the temperature raising rate is 70-148 ℃/min, and the detection temperature of a medium (air) in the heating tube is 240 ℃. The heating characteristics of the heating tube examples 2-3 were comparable to those of heating tube example 1.
In other embodiments of the high temperature resistant far infrared heating tube of the invention, the metal tube substrate can be made of copper or other metal materials with good heat conductivity; the mass fraction of the polyimide solution, the amount of graphene or white graphene used, the grinding conditions, and the drying conditions can be adjusted within the ranges defined in the present invention, and all of them can obtain excellent effects comparable to those of the examples.
Claims (8)
1. A metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far-infrared heating pipe is characterized by comprising a metal pipe base body, wherein a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer and a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer are sequentially arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe base body from inside to outside, the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is composed of polyimide and white graphene in a mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-16), and the high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electric heating layer is composed of polyimide and graphene in a mass ratio of (30-32) to (3-21);
the white graphene is a hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet;
the preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature-resistant far infrared heating pipe comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the white graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipation slurry; uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry;
2) coating high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation slurry outside the metal tube substrate, and drying to form a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer; coating high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry outside the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-radiating layer, and drying to form a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal layer;
the uniform mixing comprises stirring, mixing, grinding and mixing in sequence.
2. The metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far-infrared heating tube according to claim 1, wherein the metal tube substrate is stainless steel or copper.
3. The metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far-infrared heating pipe according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the high-temperature resistant far-infrared electrothermal layer is 18 to 26 μm.
4. The metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far-infrared heating tube according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the high-temperature resistant insulating heat dissipation layer is 18 to 24 μm.
5. The preparation method of the metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far infrared heating tube according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the white graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-dissipation slurry; uniformly mixing the polyimide solution and the graphene to prepare high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry;
2) coating high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation slurry outside the metal tube substrate, and drying to form a high-temperature-resistant insulating heat dissipation layer; coating high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal slurry outside the high-temperature-resistant insulating heat-radiating layer, and drying to form a high-temperature-resistant far-infrared electrothermal layer;
the uniform mixing comprises stirring, mixing, grinding and mixing in sequence.
6. The method for preparing the metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far infrared heating tube according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the mass fraction of the polyimide solution is 15-20%.
7. The method for preparing the metal-based graphene high-temperature resistant far infrared heating tube as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rotation speed of the grinding and mixing is 200-300r/min, and the time is 5-20 min.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the drying is performed by drying at 80-160 ℃ for 120min, heating to 180 ℃ and 220 ℃ for 50-70min, and heating to 250 ℃ and 300 ℃ for 50-70 min.
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