CN109672023B - Differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant ring - Google Patents
Differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109672023B CN109672023B CN201811575377.4A CN201811575377A CN109672023B CN 109672023 B CN109672023 B CN 109672023B CN 201811575377 A CN201811575377 A CN 201811575377A CN 109672023 B CN109672023 B CN 109672023B
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant rings, which comprises an antenna reflecting plate at the bottom layer, wherein two split resonant rings which are connected at the center and crisscross are arranged on the antenna reflecting plate, the inner cores of four coaxial cables are respectively welded to the two ends of the two split resonant rings, four welding spots are distributed in a central symmetry manner, and microstrip patches are arranged at the top of the split resonant rings. The split-resonant-ring-based differential dual-polarized patch antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small size, compact structure, wide frequency band, high port isolation, high pattern polarization isolation and the like, is of a central symmetrical structure, adopts differential feed and symmetrical resonant-ring excitation patches, and can be widely applied to the wireless communication fields of radar and base station communication, satellite communication, wireless local area network and the like. The upper microstrip patch is a square patch so as to excite mutually orthogonal radiation modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication dual-polarized antennas, and particularly relates to a differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on an open resonant ring.
Background
The differential circuit has good inhibition effect on white noise, harmonic noise, common mode noise and the like, so that the differential circuit is widely applied to the fields of microwave circuits, digital circuits and the like. However, in conventional antenna designs, the antennas are single-ended feeds, which can result in the conventional single-ended antennas not being directly connectable to differentially operated communication systems. If a single-ended fed antenna is to be connected to a differential communication system, additional single-ended to differential conversion means, such as a power divider with output differential phase function, or balun, are to be introduced. However, introducing a power divider or balun can cause a series of problems such as unnecessary insertion loss, access noise, and impedance mismatch for a differentially operating communication system. Therefore, directly designing an antenna with a differential function has a very important meaning for improving the performance of the entire differential communication system.
In the conventional microstrip dual-polarized antenna design process, high port isolation and high polarization isolation are two very important indexes of the dual-polarized antenna. However, these two criteria often contradict the broadband characteristics of microstrip antennas. The conventional method for widening the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is to introduce a new resonance point by slotting on the patch, loading a short-circuit probe, introducing a parasitic patch, slotting on the floor, and the like, so as to further expand the working bandwidth of the microstrip antenna. However, the introduction of such design methods into dual polarized antenna designs can result in deterioration of isolation between different ports of the antenna, as well as deterioration of polarization isolation of the antenna pattern. With the continuous development of wireless communication systems, the requirements for dual polarized antennas are increasing. Low profile, wide bandwidth, high port isolation and high polarization isolation are challenging targets for individual communication systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a split-ring-based differential dual-polarized patch antenna which can be applied to a differential communication system and can overcome the contradiction between the widening bandwidth and the port isolation and polarization isolation.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna, the improvement comprising: the antenna comprises an antenna reflecting plate at the bottom layer, two open resonant rings which are connected at the center and crisscross are arranged on the antenna reflecting plate, the inner cores of the four coaxial cables are respectively welded to the two ends of the two open resonant rings, the four welding spots are distributed in a central symmetry mode, and microstrip patches are arranged at the top of the open resonant rings.
Furthermore, the antenna reflecting plate, the split resonant ring and the microstrip patch of the antenna can be copper sheets, aluminum sheets or PCB dielectric plates.
Further, the outer skins of the four coaxial cables are welded on the antenna reflecting plate.
Further, the microstrip patch is a square patch.
Further, the length of the split resonant ring is one half of the length of the air wavelength at the working center frequency of the antenna, and the length of the microstrip patch is one half of the length of the guide wavelength at the working center frequency of the antenna.
Further, the antenna has a working frequency bandwidth of 3.19-3.79GHz, a standing wave ratio of less than 2, a port isolation of more than 35dB, a cross polarization level value of less than-33 dB, a reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB, and cross polarization in the side-emission direction.
Furthermore, the two split resonant rings are used for carrying out coupling feed on the top microstrip patch in the form of electric coupling, magnetic coupling or electromagnetic hybrid coupling, and two mutually orthogonal radiation modes are excited.
Further, the antenna can be extended to linear arrays, planar arrays, and other forms of antenna arrays.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the split-resonant-ring-based differential dual-polarized patch antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small size, compact structure, wide frequency band, high port isolation, high pattern polarization isolation and the like, is of a central symmetrical structure, adopts differential feed and symmetrical resonant-ring excitation patches, and can be widely applied to the wireless communication fields of radar and base station communication, satellite communication, wireless local area network and the like. The upper microstrip patch is a square patch so as to excite mutually orthogonal radiation modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of an antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top-level schematic diagram of an antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side view of an antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing S-parameter results of simulation and testing of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of E-plane directivity pattern data for simulation and testing of an antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of H-plane pattern data for simulation and testing of the antenna disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 discloses a differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split-resonant rings, which consists of an upper microstrip patch, split-resonant rings which are mutually intersected in the middle and connected at the center, and a lowermost antenna reflecting plate. The upper microstrip patch is a square patch and is printed on the PCB dielectric plate, and the open resonant ring and the antenna reflecting plate are formed by machining copper sheets. The antenna is fed by four differential coaxial cables, wherein the outer skins and the antenna reflecting plates of the four coaxial cables are welded, the inner cores are respectively welded to the two ends of two split resonant rings, and the welding positions (namely feeding positions) of the split resonant rings and the coaxial cables are distributed in a central symmetry mode. The split resonant ring couples energy to the upper microstrip patch (i.e., radiation patch) in the form of electrical coupling and excites two mutually orthogonal radiation modes to realize dual-polarized radiation.
The antenna performance such as the bandwidth of the working frequency band, the port isolation degree and the polarization isolation degree of the antenna can be improved by adjusting and optimizing the size of the microstrip patch, the size of the split resonant ring, the distance between the microstrip patch and the antenna reflecting plate, the plate material of the dielectric plate and the like of the antenna:
the input impedance and the bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the upper microstrip patch. The initial value of the length of a microstrip patch is typically one half the length of the guided wavelength at the operating center frequency of the antenna.
The input impedance and bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the split resonant ring and the coupling distance between the split resonant ring and the upper microstrip patch. The length of the split ring resonator is one half the length of the air wavelength at the antenna operating center frequency.
The input impedance and bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the feed position of the differential feed coaxial cable, i.e., the weld position of the tap of the split ring resonator (where the coaxial cable is welded) with the inner core of the coaxial cable (or SMA head).
Isolation of the antenna ports and polarization isolation of the antenna pattern are ensured by symmetry of the antenna, i.e., symmetrical crisscrossed split resonant rings, square patches, and welding locations of the four differentially fed coaxial cables and split resonant rings. In the actual process of manufacturing the antenna, the better the symmetry performance of the antenna, the higher the port isolation of the antenna and the polarization isolation of the directional diagram. The antenna realizes the broadband characteristic of the microstrip patch through the interaction between the microstrip patch antenna and the crisscrossed opening resonant ring.
The microstrip patch, the open resonant ring and the antenna reflecting plate of the antenna can be made of metal copper sheets, aluminum sheets, PCB dielectric plates and the like, and the same radiation performance can be obtained.
Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on a split-ring resonator according to this embodiment. The antenna consists of a square patch 1 printed above a PCB dielectric plate, split resonant rings 2a and 2b connected in a crisscross center, an antenna reflecting plate 3 and four antenna differential feed coaxial cables 4a, 4b, 4c and 4 d. The differential feed coaxial cable pairs 4a and 4c excite polarized radiation in one direction and pairs 4b and 4d excite polarized radiation in the other orthogonal direction.
By adjusting the length of the square patch (i.e., the radiating patch) 1, the lengths of the split resonant rings 2a and 2b, and the distance of the split resonant rings 2a and 2b from the square patch 1, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be optimized, resulting in a broadband impedance response. As a specific application example, the antenna of this embodiment can operate at 3.19-3.79GHz with a reflection coefficient lower than-10 dB.
Fig. 2 is a top schematic diagram of a differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split-resonant loops according to this embodiment. The whole antenna structure, including the square patch 1, the split resonant rings 2a and 2b connected at the cross center, and the differential feed coaxial cables 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d of the antenna are all symmetrically arranged. Thus, the antenna can be ensured to obtain good port isolation and pattern polarization isolation performance. As a specific application example, in the range of the antenna operation bandwidth of the present embodiment, the port isolation is greater than 35dB, and the cross polarization level value is less than-33 dB.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split-resonant loops of the present embodiment. The cross center connected split ring resonators 2a and 2b are located right under the top square patch 1, and four coaxial cables 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are soldered to the split rings 2a and 2b, respectively. As a specific application example, the design initial value of the length of the square patch is one half of the length of the guided wave at the working center frequency of the antenna; the initial design length of the split ring resonator is one half the length of the air wavelength at the antenna operating center frequency.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the simulation and test results of S parameters of the differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on the split-ring resonator in this embodiment. The test S parameter structure of the antenna is in good conformity with the designed structure, and the bandwidth of the reflection coefficient of-10 dB of the antenna test is 3.19-3.79GHz. The antenna has a very high port isolation, which is higher than 35dB.
Fig. 5 is an E-plane directional diagram data diagram of a split-resonant-ring-based differential dual-polarized patch antenna simulation and test according to this embodiment, and its corresponding frequency is 3.5GHz. In the figure, the solid line is the test pattern of the antenna, the broken line is the simulation pattern of the antenna, the E-plane wave lobe width is 58 degrees, and the actually measured cross polarization level value is less than-33 dB in the side-emission direction.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of H-plane directional diagram data of simulation and test of the split-resonant-ring-based differential dual-polarized patch antenna according to this embodiment, where the corresponding frequency is 3.5GHz. In the figure, the solid line is the test pattern of the antenna, the broken line is the simulation pattern of the antenna, the E-plane wave lobe width is 72 degrees, and the actually measured cross polarization level value is less than-33 dB in the side-emission direction.
Claims (6)
1. A differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant loops, characterized in that: the antenna comprises an antenna reflecting plate at the bottom layer, two open resonant rings which are connected at the center and crisscross are arranged on the antenna reflecting plate, the inner cores of four coaxial cables are respectively welded to the two ends of the two open resonant rings, four welding spots are distributed in a central symmetry manner, and microstrip patches are arranged at the top of the open resonant rings; the outer skins of the four coaxial cables are welded on the antenna reflecting plate; the two split resonant rings are used for carrying out coupling feed on the top microstrip patch in the form of electric coupling, magnetic coupling or electromagnetic hybrid coupling, and excite two mutually orthogonal radiation modes.
2. The split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna reflecting plate, the split resonant ring and the microstrip patch of the antenna adopt copper sheets, aluminum sheets or PCB dielectric plates.
3. The split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein: the microstrip patch is a square patch.
4. The split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the split resonant ring is one half of the length of the air wavelength at the working center frequency of the antenna, and the length of the microstrip patch is one half of the length of the guide wavelength at the working center frequency of the antenna.
5. The split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna has the working frequency bandwidth of 3.19-3.79GHz, standing wave ratio of less than 2, port isolation of more than 35dB, cross polarization level value of less than-33 dB, reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB and cross polarization in the side-emission direction.
6. The split-ring based differential dual-polarized patch antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna is extended to linear arrays, planar arrays, and other forms of antenna arrays.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811575377.4A CN109672023B (en) | 2018-12-22 | 2018-12-22 | Differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant ring |
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| CN201811575377.4A CN109672023B (en) | 2018-12-22 | 2018-12-22 | Differential dual-polarized patch antenna based on split resonant ring |
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| CN109672023A CN109672023A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| CN109672023B true CN109672023B (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110212300B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-05-11 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and terminal equipment |
| CN110911828A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2020-03-24 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Broadband differential feed dual-polarized antenna adopting integrated six-port power divider |
| CN110854544B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-04-13 | 电子科技大学 | Low-RCS phased-array antenna and RCS reduction method |
| CN110911816B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-01-24 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and electronic equipment |
| CN110911815B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-09-27 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and electronic equipment |
| CN111029739B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-10-11 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and electronic equipment |
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