CN109668785B - Adjustable clamp for sheet structure compression buckling test - Google Patents
Adjustable clamp for sheet structure compression buckling test Download PDFInfo
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- CN109668785B CN109668785B CN201910076650.7A CN201910076650A CN109668785B CN 109668785 B CN109668785 B CN 109668785B CN 201910076650 A CN201910076650 A CN 201910076650A CN 109668785 B CN109668785 B CN 109668785B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable clamp for a compression buckling test of a thin plate structure, which can perform compression buckling tests under various environments aiming at various thin plate test pieces with different thicknesses, can easily clamp the thin plate test pieces with different thicknesses by adjusting the position of a wedge-shaped block, ensures the uniform stress of the thin plate test pieces by clamping the wedge-shaped block and the clamping part of the thin plate test piece in a surface-to-surface contact manner, has good locking effect in the test loading process due to the special shape of the wedge-shaped block, is not suitable for slipping, unloading and other phenomena, is used for positioning and guiding by distributing a pair of guide pillar structures at two sides of an upper chuck and a lower chuck, one linear bearing is equivalent to a revolute pair to limit four degrees of freedom in space, and two linear bearings are matched to limit five degrees of freedom in the position of the structure space. The invention is convenient and fast, has wide applicability, has good positioning and guiding functions, can improve the test efficiency and reduce the test error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sheet structure test piece compression buckling test fixture, and belongs to the technical field of macroscopic mechanical property testing.
Technical Field
The sheet structure is widely applied to the engineering fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering, civil construction, ships, chemical engineering and the like. In practical engineering application, due to the special external dimensions of the thin plate structure, the most common failure mode of the thin plate structure under the action of external load is buckling instability, the buckling failure of the thin plate structure has abruptness, and the loss caused by the failure of the thin plate structure is often larger than that caused by strength failure. The buckling failure of the thin plate structure is always a hot problem in the research of the structure field, and the improvement of the buckling failure resistance, the weight reduction, the structural design improvement and the like of the thin plate structure has important economic and practical significance for the structural safety assessment.
With the continuous development of science and technology, the used materials of the thin plate structure are also diversified, the mechanical properties of the thin plate structure are greatly changed from the original aluminum alloy material to the advanced composite material widely used at present, and for the actual structure, due to factors such as manufacturing process, external influence, actual demand and the like, holes are formed on the thin plate structure or the thin plate structure is locally heated, and geometric or other defects are generated, and the existence of the defects is particularly sensitive to the influence of the mechanical properties of the thin wall structure. Therefore, it is very important to perform mechanical property test on various thin plate structures or thin plate structures in various environments, and performing a compression buckling test on the thin plate structures is the most important part in testing the mechanical properties of the thin plate structures.
The clamp is mainly used as a clamp for clamping a sheet structure in a compression buckling test on loading equipment such as a mechanical universal testing machine or a loading vehicle, and the like. Taking a parallel clamping plate type thin plate clamp as an example, the whole process from the test preparation to the test end has the following defects:
firstly, the testing machine, the upper clamp and the lower clamp need to be manually adjusted before testing, and an operator needs to adjust the positions of the clamps through visual inspection to enable the upper clamp and the lower clamp to be aligned in parallel, so that the parallel alignment error is large, the positions of the clamps directly influence the testing result and precision, even the testing property can be changed, and particularly the influence on a thin-wall structure test piece is obvious;
secondly, a screw tightening mode is usually adopted when a test piece is clamped, and fastening and tightening are carried out by a plurality of screws, the mode not only needs correct screw tightening sequence and mode but also needs proper screw tightening force to ensure that the stress of a clamping part is uniform and not deflected as much as possible, in short, the mode of tightening the test piece can cause the stress of the test piece to be nonuniform, the whole test piece is eccentric and twisted, the test piece collapses in advance in the test process, and finally the test has larger errors;
thirdly, under the clamping of the clamp, the problems of sliding, force unloading and the like can occur in the test loading process, and the smooth operation of the test is influenced.
After the advantages and the disadvantages of the conventional clamp for the thin plate structure are deeply analyzed, the adjustable clamp for the thin plate structure compression buckling test can meet the clamping requirements of thin plate test pieces with different thicknesses, can also realize the functions of vertical accurate positioning, vertical directional compression, uniform stress on a loading edge, clamping fastening and the like of a thin plate, has a simple and reliable structure, is low in processing cost and convenient and quick to clamp, and can effectively improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the thin plate structure compression buckling test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to an adjustable sheet structure compression buckling test fixture, which aims to provide a safe and reliable sheet structure test fixture capable of adjusting the clamping thickness of a sheet when performing compression buckling mechanical property test on various sheet structures or sheet structures in various environments, the fixture can be matched with a mechanical universal test machine or other loading equipment for use, compression buckling tests under various environments can be performed on various sheet test pieces with different thicknesses, the clamping of the sheet test pieces with different thicknesses can be easily realized by adjusting the position of a wedge block, the uniform stress of the sheet test pieces is ensured by the clamping of the wedge block and the clamping part of the sheet test pieces through the surface-to-surface contact, as the special shape of the wedge block can play a good locking effect in the test loading process, the phenomena of slipping and unloading force and the like are not easy to occur as the wedge block is pressed more and more compact, and then a pair of guide pillar structures are distributed on two sides of an upper chuck and a lower chuck, the linear bearing is used for positioning and guiding, one linear bearing is equivalent to a revolute pair to limit four degrees of freedom in space, two linear bearings are matched for use to limit five degrees of freedom in structural space position, the positioning function is achieved, the excellent compression guiding function is achieved, the upper chuck can only move and load in one direction, namely the compression direction, under the action of external load, the appearance of eccentricity and deflection is prevented, and the efficiency and accuracy of the test are improved. The adjustable clamp for the compression buckling test of the thin plate structure is convenient and quick, has wide applicability, has good positioning and guiding effects, and can improve the test efficiency and reduce the test error.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the clamp for the adjustable compression buckling test of the thin plate structure comprises an upper chuck component, a lower chuck component and a guiding and positioning component, wherein the upper chuck component and the lower chuck component comprise the same other components except an upper chuck main body (8), a lower chuck main body (2), an upper connecting shaft (6) and a lower connecting shaft (1), and the other components comprise a base plate (10), a wedge-shaped block (3) and a hexagon bolt (5).
The guide positioning component consists of a linear bearing (7) and a guide rod (9); the two sides of the upper chuck main body (8) are respectively provided with a circular through hole a, each circular through hole a is matched with the linear bearing (7), and the upper chuck main body (8) is also provided with two U-shaped through holes b and a threaded blind hole c; the threaded blind hole c is matched with the upper connecting shaft (6).
Two threaded blind holes d are respectively formed in two sides of the lower chuck body (2), each threaded blind hole d is matched with the guide rod (9), and the lower chuck body (2) is further provided with two U-shaped through holes b and one threaded blind hole e; the threaded blind hole e is matched with the lower connecting shaft (1).
The wedge-shaped block (3) is provided with two circular through holes f which are symmetrically distributed, the circular through holes f on the wedge-shaped block (3) are connected with the upper chuck main body (8) and the U-shaped through holes b on the lower chuck main body (2) through bolts (5), so that the wedge-shaped block (3) is fixedly connected with the upper chuck main body (8), and the wedge-shaped block (3) is fixedly connected with the lower chuck main body (2); the two ends of the upper connecting shaft (6) and the lower connecting shaft (1) are threaded and are respectively connected with the upper chuck body (8), the lower chuck body (2) and a universal testing machine or a loading platform; one end of the guide rod (9) is provided with threads which are matched, connected and fixed with the threaded blind hole d of the lower chuck body (2).
The upper connecting shaft (6) and the lower connecting shaft (1) are matched with a pressure head or a loading device of the mechanical universal testing machine.
The base plate (10) is matched with the upper chuck body (8) and the lower chuck body (2), the length and the height of the base plate are the same as the size of the upper groove of the chuck body, and the thickness of the base plate is selected according to the actual conditions such as the thickness of a test piece, the width of the upper groove of the upper chuck body (8) and the width of the upper groove of the lower chuck body (2).
The guide rod (9) is matched with the linear bearing (7), the linear bearing (7) is matched with the circular through hole a on the upper chuck main body (8), and the guide rod (9) is connected with the upper chuck main body (8) through the linear bearing (7).
On the basis of the technical scheme, the installation process of the thin plate structure test piece clamp comprises the following eight steps:
firstly, connecting and positioning a lower chuck main body (2) with a test platform through a lower connecting shaft (1);
secondly, the two guide rods (9) are respectively connected with the lower chuck main body (2) through threaded connection;
thirdly, a thin plate test piece (4) is placed in the groove of the lower chuck main body (2) and is tightly attached to one side of the plane of the groove of the lower chuck main body (2);
fourthly, the base plate (10) is placed into the groove of the lower chuck main body (2) and is tightly attached to the thin plate test piece (4);
fifthly, the wedge-shaped block (3) is inserted into the residual space of the groove of the lower chuck main body (2) by clinging to the backing plate (10), after no gap is left between the wedge-shaped block and the backing plate (10) by force, the wedge-shaped block (3) is connected with the lower chuck main body (2) by a hexagon bolt (5), and a nut is screwed;
sixthly, after the upper chuck body (8) is matched with the two linear bearings (7), the upper chuck body is inserted into and connected with the two guide rods (9);
seventhly, the upper chuck body (8) is adjusted up and down to enable the thin plate test piece (4) to be inserted into the groove of the upper chuck body (8), and after the thin plate test piece is adjusted to a proper position, the upper end and the lower end of the thin plate test piece (4) are clamped in the same way in the fourth step and the fifth step;
and eighth, the upper chuck body (8) and the loading device are connected through a lower connecting shaft (1).
Through the steps, the clamping of the sheet structure test piece can be realized for subsequent test tests, and compared with the existing clamp, the clamp has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize uniform clamping stress of the thin plate up and down. The adoption presses close to cushion and wedge and realizes adding of face-to-face contact and holds the mode, has guaranteed that sheet metal test piece centre gripping atress is exerted through the cushion that presses close to of face contact, pastes tight cushion and presss from both sides tight atress by the wedge, and in the test process, the wedge is pressed more tightly more, and then gives the tight cushion of subsides with power transmission, makes sheet metal test piece centre gripping more fastening.
2. The invention can realize accurate vertical positioning in the sheet compression process. The vertical guiding function is realized by adopting two structures of a linear guide pillar and an upper connecting shaft and a lower connecting shaft, the upper connecting shaft and the lower connecting shaft ensure that the central position of the upper chuck body and the central position of the lower chuck body are coaxially positioned with a pressure column of the universal testing machine, and the guiding function in the process of pressing the upper chuck body and the lower chuck body is realized through a linear bearing and a guide rod, so that five degrees of freedom in the whole structure space are limited, the upper chuck body can only move towards the compression direction, and eccentricity, deflection and bending torsion cannot occur.
3. The device can realize compression clamping of sheet test pieces with different thicknesses, has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, is easy to process, has low cost, and can effectively improve the test efficiency and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly view of an adjustable clamp for a thin plate compression bending test of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the adjustable clamp for the thin plate compression bending test of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the adjustable clamp for a thin plate compression bending test of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of the adjustable clamp for a thin plate compression bending test of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an adjustable clamp for a thin plate compression bending test according to the present invention.
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the upper chuck body of the clamp of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the lower chuck body of the clamp of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a wedge of the clamp of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a lower connecting shaft 2, a lower chuck main body 3, a wedge block 4, a thin plate test piece 5, a hexagon bolt 6, an upper connecting shaft 7, a linear bearing 8, an upper chuck main body 9, a guide rod 10, a backing plate 11, a round through hole a 12, a U-shaped through hole b 13, a threaded blind hole c 14, a threaded blind hole d 15, a threaded blind hole e 16 and a round through hole f
Detailed Description
1. Processing and installation requirements
a) In order to enable the clamp to better exert excellent performance, including the realization of uniform clamping stress of a sheet test piece and the realization of positioning and vertical guiding, the best processing mode of the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body is proposed to be integrally formed by milling, then the whole clamp body is cut into two parts, the consistency of the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body is ensured, and the processing mode is also proposed to be adopted for the cushion block and the wedge block.
b) In order to ensure that the upper and lower chuck bodies can be vertically pressed downwards in the process of a compression test and cannot be distorted and other instability conditions, the clamp ensures the consistency of the upper and lower clamp bodies in a) during processing, simultaneously ensures the coaxiality of the linear bearing mounting through hole of the upper clamp body and the threaded blind hole of the guide rod mounting of the lower clamp body, ensures the verticality of the guide rod mounting holes of the upper and lower chuck bodies and the linear bearing mounting holes and the chuck bodies, and ensures that the left and right guide rods are parallel to each other during mounting.
c) In order to better exert the function of the high-precision adjustable thin plate compression clamp, before the clamp is installed, the coaxiality precision calibration of the pressure chuck and the pressure platform of the pressurizing device is needed, and the connecting shafts on the upper chuck body and the lower chuck body of the clamp are ensured to be in a coaxial state.
2. Clamp installation and experiment procedure
1) Test piece preparation before experiment such as numbering, marking, dimension measurement and the like is carried out on the test piece.
2) And (5) debugging the loading equipment, ensuring the vertical coaxiality and preparing an experiment.
3) And connecting and positioning the lower chuck main body with the test platform through a lower connecting shaft.
4) The two guide rods are respectively connected with the lower chuck body through threaded connection.
5) And placing the sheet test piece into the lower chuck main body groove and tightly attaching the sheet test piece to one side of the plane of the lower chuck main body groove.
6) And placing the base plate into the lower chuck main body groove and tightly attaching the base plate to the thin plate test piece.
7) And (3) inserting the wedge-shaped block into the residual space of the lower chuck main body groove by clinging to the base plate, forcibly pushing the wedge-shaped block without a gap between the wedge-shaped block and the base plate, connecting the wedge-shaped block and the lower chuck main body by using a hexagon bolt, and screwing a nut.
8) After the upper chuck body is matched with the two linear bearings, the upper chuck body is inserted into and connected with the two guide rods.
9) Adjusting the upper chuck main body up and down to enable the thin plate test piece to be inserted into the groove of the upper chuck main body, adjusting to a proper position, and clamping the upper end of the thin plate test piece as the lower end according to the steps 6 and 7;
10) and connecting the upper chuck body and the loading device through a lower connecting shaft.
11) And after the clamp and the test piece are installed, starting loading equipment to perform an experiment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating a few embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, in which all equivalent changes, modifications, or equivalent scaling-up or down, etc. made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a sheet metal construction compression buckling test anchor clamps with adjustable which characterized in that: the clamp comprises an upper chuck component, a lower chuck component and a guiding and positioning component, wherein the upper chuck component and the lower chuck component comprise the same other components except an upper chuck main body (8), a lower chuck main body (2), an upper connecting shaft (6) and a lower connecting shaft (1), and the other components comprise a base plate (10), a wedge-shaped block (3) and a hexagon bolt (5);
the guide positioning component consists of a linear bearing (7) and a guide rod (9); the two sides of the upper chuck main body (8) are respectively provided with a circular through hole a, each circular through hole a is matched with the linear bearing (7), and the upper chuck main body (8) is also provided with two U-shaped through holes b and a threaded blind hole c; the threaded blind hole c is matched with the upper connecting shaft (6);
two threaded blind holes d are respectively formed in two sides of the lower chuck body (2), each threaded blind hole d is matched with the guide rod (9), and the lower chuck body (2) is further provided with two U-shaped through holes b and one threaded blind hole e; the threaded blind hole e is matched with the lower connecting shaft (1);
the wedge-shaped block (3) is provided with two circular through holes f which are symmetrically distributed, the circular through holes f on the wedge-shaped block (3) are connected with the upper chuck main body (8) and the U-shaped through holes b on the lower chuck main body (2) through the hexagon bolts (5), so that the wedge-shaped block (3) is fixedly connected with the upper chuck main body (8), and the wedge-shaped block (3) is fixedly connected with the lower chuck main body (2); the two ends of the upper connecting shaft (6) and the lower connecting shaft (1) are threaded and are respectively connected with the upper chuck body (8), the lower chuck body (2) and a universal testing machine or a loading platform; one end of the guide rod (9) is provided with threads which are matched, connected and fixed with the threaded blind hole d of the lower chuck body (2).
2. The adjustable clamp for the compression buckling test of the thin plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper connecting shaft (6) and the lower connecting shaft (1) are matched with a pressure head or a loading device of the mechanical universal testing machine.
3. The adjustable clamp for the compression buckling test of the thin plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base plate (10) is matched with the upper chuck body (8) and the lower chuck body (2), the length and the height of the base plate are the same as the size of the upper groove of the chuck body, and the thickness of the base plate is selected according to the thickness of a test piece and the actual conditions of the widths of the upper groove of the upper chuck body (8) and the lower chuck body (2).
4. The adjustable clamp for the compression buckling test of the thin plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the guide rod (9) is matched with the linear bearing (7), the linear bearing (7) is matched with the circular through hole a on the upper chuck main body (8), and the guide rod (9) is connected with the upper chuck main body (8) through the linear bearing (7).
5. The adjustable clamp for the compression buckling test of the thin plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the installation process of the test fixture for the thin plate structure comprises the following eight steps:
connecting and positioning the lower chuck main body (2) with a test platform through a lower connecting shaft (1);
the two guide rods (9) are respectively connected with the lower chuck body (2) through threaded connection;
placing the thin plate test piece (4) into the groove of the lower chuck main body (2) and tightly attaching to one side of the plane of the groove of the lower chuck main body (2);
placing the base plate (10) into the groove of the lower chuck body (2) and tightly attaching the thin plate test piece (4);
inserting the wedge-shaped block (3) into the residual space of the groove of the lower chuck main body (2) by clinging to the backing plate (10), forcibly ejecting the wedge-shaped block (3) without a gap between the wedge-shaped block and the backing plate (10), connecting the wedge-shaped block (3) with the lower chuck main body (2) by using a hexagon bolt (5), and screwing a nut;
after the upper chuck body (8) is matched with the two linear bearings (7), the upper chuck body is inserted and connected with the two guide rods (9);
the upper chuck main body (8) is adjusted up and down to enable the thin plate test piece (4) to be inserted into the groove of the upper chuck main body (8), and after the thin plate test piece is adjusted to a proper position, the upper end and the lower end of the thin plate test piece (4) are clamped in the same way in the fourth step and the fifth step;
the upper chuck body (8) and the loading device are connected through a lower connecting shaft (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910076650.7A CN109668785B (en) | 2019-01-26 | 2019-01-26 | Adjustable clamp for sheet structure compression buckling test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910076650.7A CN109668785B (en) | 2019-01-26 | 2019-01-26 | Adjustable clamp for sheet structure compression buckling test |
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| CN109668785A CN109668785A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
| CN109668785B true CN109668785B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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| CN201910076650.7A Active CN109668785B (en) | 2019-01-26 | 2019-01-26 | Adjustable clamp for sheet structure compression buckling test |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110220774B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2023-12-29 | 大连理工大学 | Test fixture capable of realizing loading at any point in plane |
| CN110879179B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2022-09-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-temperature compression device and test method for plate-shaped test sample |
| CN110954404B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Buckling-restrained device and method suitable for plate-shaped test piece compression test |
| CN111257106B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-04-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-speed impact test fixture for composite material laminate |
| CN114965025B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-04-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Test fixture for nondestructive compression test of double-layer hollow thin plate |
| CN114636615B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-09-06 | 太原理工大学 | Clamp for local buckling test of thin-wall hose under compression load |
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| CN203422279U (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-02-05 | 重庆市中检建筑工程质量检测有限公司 | Reinforcement bar tension tester |
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| CN205483798U (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-08-17 | 清华大学 | One -way compression anchor clamps of square sheet metal and one -way compressor arrangement of square sheet metal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203422279U (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-02-05 | 重庆市中检建筑工程质量检测有限公司 | Reinforcement bar tension tester |
| CN104535416A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 北京工业大学 | Local temperature-rise sheet buckling test fixture and experimental method |
| CN105179691A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Clamping and sealing clamp for end of pipe |
| CN105241751A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Assembly clamper for sandwich structure board lateral compression test |
| CN205483798U (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-08-17 | 清华大学 | One -way compression anchor clamps of square sheet metal and one -way compressor arrangement of square sheet metal |
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| CN109668785A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
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