Double-machine traction device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a traction device, in particular to a double-machine traction device with a main traction motor and a rescue motor.
Background
In high-rise buildings, in order to meet the requirement of height change, the lifting device is necessary supporting equipment, such as an elevator, and great convenience can be brought to users.
The elevator is a vertical elevator powered by an electric motor, also known as a vertical elevator. Vertical elevators are equipped with box-like pods for use in multi-story buildings for boarding or carrying cargo. From the earliest first-step safety elevators to modern automatic control elevators, although developed for several hundred years, most of the elevators are driven by traction drive mechanisms comprising a traction machine arranged at the top of the hoistway, the traction machine being connected to a traction sheave, the traction sheave being wound with a hoisting rope, one end of which is connected to the car and the other end of which is connected to a counterweight for balancing the weight of the car. When the traction machine drives the traction sheave to rotate, traction force generated by friction between a traction rope wound on the traction sheave and the traction sheave realizes lifting movement of the car and the counterweight.
In the using process of the elevator, the most serious accident is that the elevator car is quickly pushed or squatted, a light person causes the damage of the body of the passenger and the elevator, and serious passengers can even die. For this purpose, various devices and methods have been devised for improving the safety of elevator operation, the main way of which is to provide an electromagnetically controlled braking mechanism on the hoisting machine. When the elevator fails or the elevator fails, the control system cannot supply power to the elevator, the electromagnet in the braking mechanism is powered off and loses magnetic attraction power, and at the moment, the braking mechanism continues to act by means of the acting force of the braking spring, so that the traction machine can be locked and braked; when the elevator is electrified, the electromagnet in the braking mechanism is electrified, so that the braking mechanism contacts to lock the traction machine, and the elevator can normally run.
For example, an elevator traction machine disclosed in chinese patent literature has a publication number CN2401528Y, and includes a base, a motor, a worm gear case, a worm wheel shaft, a hanging leg, a worm wheel, a traction wheel, and a brake mechanism, wherein one end of the worm wheel shaft is provided with an eccentric sleeve, a connecting disc is provided in the middle of the worm wheel shaft, one end of the connecting disc is fixed with the worm wheel, the other end is fixed with the traction wheel, bearings are provided between the connecting disc and the worm wheel, and between the connecting disc and the traction wheel, respectively, and an adjusting pad is provided at the bottoms of a pair of hanging legs provided with the worm wheel shaft. When the elevator car is in operation, the power supply is firstly switched on, the brake mechanism is in an electrified state through the control switch, meanwhile, the motor drives the worm wheel to operate through the worm, and then the traction wheel is driven to rotate through the connecting disc, and the elevator car can be driven to lift by a rope wound on the traction wheel. When the car moves to a predetermined destination floor, the motor is stopped by operating the control switch and braked by the brake mechanism. The braking principle is as follows: when the motor is powered off, the electromagnetic valve of the braking mechanism is powered off, the braking wheels are locked by the pair of band-type brakes under the action of spring force, and the motor shaft is rapidly stopped by the friction force between the cap tile on the band-type brake and the braking wheels, so that the elevator car can be stably stopped.
However, in the braking mechanism with the structure, the band-type brake is required to apply the holding force, if the holding force of the band-type brake is insufficient, the car cannot be braked rapidly, and the lifting movement exists, so that passengers in the car are easy to panic. And after the band-type brake is tightly held and braked, self rescue cannot be realized on site, special rescue personnel are required to carry out external rescue through a series of complex mechanisms, the waiting time for rescue is relatively long, the rescue process is dangerous, passengers in the lift car cannot be rescued for the first time, and the rescue opportunity can be delayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the defects that the existing elevator can not brake rapidly due to insufficient holding force of the band-type brake, the braking reliability is low and the safety of the elevator is low, and provides the double-machine traction device which can brake rapidly when an elevator system fails and can brake directly in a traction wheel locking mode, so that the braking reliability is high and the safety accidents of the car in a top-rushing or squatting manner can be effectively avoided.
The invention also solves the defects that the existing elevator cannot save oneself, an external professional rescue team is needed to rescue, the waiting time in the elevator car is long, and the first rescue time is easy to lose.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a double machine traction device comprising:
a traction machine as a power source for lifting the car;
The traction sheave is connected with the traction machine and driven by the traction machine, and a traction rope is wound on the traction sheave and is connected with the lift car to pull the lift car to lift;
The worm gear and worm mechanism is coaxially connected with the traction sheave and synchronously rotates along with the traction sheave, and the worm gear are meshed to form a locking mechanism of the traction sheave;
the rescue motor is connected with the worm, and only drives the worm to rotate when rescue is needed, so as to drive the worm wheel to rotate and drive the traction sheave to rotate to rescue the car;
and the synchronous mechanism adopts a mechanical transmission mode, is connected with the worm and drives the worm to rotate synchronously with the worm wheel, and the worm is always separated from the worm wheel when the elevator normally operates.
The application is provided with a worm gear mechanism, and the worm gear is coaxially connected with the traction sheave. It is known that worm gears have a self-locking effect, that is, the worm cannot drive the worm to rotate, and only the worm can drive the worm to rotate. Therefore, the application is provided with a purely mechanical synchronous mechanism to realize the synchronization of the worm and the worm wheel, the worm and the worm wheel keep synchronous, the worm cannot cause self-locking on the worm wheel, namely, the worm wheel is driven by a traction machine like a traction wheel at the moment, the worm is driven by a synchronous motor, and the worm wheel and the worm are in mutually independent states, so that the worm cannot form an obstacle to the rotation of the worm wheel. The power source of the synchronous mechanism can come from a traction machine, a traction wheel and a worm wheel, and of course, the power source from the worm wheel is transmitted to the worm, a clutch is required to be arranged, the transmission of the clutch can be disconnected when the worm is required to be self-locked, and the proper transmission ratio of the synchronous mechanism is required to be designed according to different power sources, so that the synchronization of the worm and the worm wheel is ensured. When the system is in power failure, the worm stops rotating, so that reliable mechanical self-locking can be formed on the worm wheel, and further, reliable braking is formed on the traction wheel; when the speed of the traction machine is abnormal due to out-of-control, the worm wheel and the worm cannot form synchronization, and the worm can automatically block the rotation of the worm wheel at the moment, so that the rapid top-punching or squatting of the lift car can be avoided. In the prior art, a worm gear is a transmission mechanism with a self-locking effect, and in order to improve safety, people can arrange sensors capable of detecting the lifting speed of a car on an elevator so as to cut off a power supply and brake a traction machine when the car is lifted quickly. The worm gear has a self-locking function, and can form a reliable mechanical sensing device, so that on one hand, the traction wheel is reliably braked when power failure or abnormal conditions occur to the traction machine, and on the other hand, abnormal operation of the traction machine can be timely perceived, and further, the safety of the elevator during operation can be remarkably improved. The worm wheel synchronously rotates along with the traction sheave, the worm is connected with the rescue motor, the load of the worm is far smaller than that of the traction sheave, the worm is equivalent to no load and only drives the motor shaft of the rescue motor to rotate, so that the safety of the synchronous mechanism is reliable, and compared with the safety coefficient of the traction mechanism formed by the traction machine and the traction sheave, the synchronous mechanism basically does not react to the traction mechanism. The worm gear is not a mechanism for transmitting power when the elevator normally operates, and the tooth width of the worm is smaller than the tooth groove width of the worm gear, so that a gap is formed between the worm tooth and the tooth groove of the worm gear, the worm tooth and the worm gear are kept in a separated state, contact friction between the worm and the worm gear can be avoided, the control precision requirements of the synchronous controller on the rotating speeds of the traction machine and the synchronous motor are reduced, and frequent shutdown of the elevator caused by slight deviation of the rotating speeds between the traction machine and the synchronous motor is avoided. The elevator is in an optimal working state, the worm is not contacted with the worm wheel, abrasion, noise and the like are not generated, and the gap is beneficial to improving the fault tolerance of the elevator, so long as the worm and the worm wheel are kept synchronous. The elevator car lifting device comprises a rescue motor, wherein the rescue motor is connected with a worm, the rescue motor is started when rescue is needed, the worm can be driven by the rescue motor at the moment, then the worm wheel is driven by the worm to rotate, and then the traction wheel is driven by the worm wheel to rotate, so that the elevator car lifting is realized, and the elevator car lifting device can be realized at first time through setting, can be controlled in a background or in the elevator car, so that first rescue time is obtained. The synchronous mechanism adopts a mechanical transmission mode, has high reliability and lower failure rate, omits electric control, reduces cost and also avoids unstable factors caused by electric control. The double machine of the application is a traction machine and a rescue motor.
Preferably, the synchronizing mechanism is connected with the traction machine and the worm, the traction machine is used as an input source of the synchronizing mechanism, and the worm is an output tail of the synchronizing mechanism. The worm wheel is driven by the traction machine, the traction wheel is decelerated once, and the worm wheel and the worm have set transmission ratios, so that the transmission ratio of the synchronous mechanism needs to be finally designed according to the transmission ratio of the traction machine and the worm.
Preferably, the synchronizing mechanism is connected with the traction wheel and the worm, the traction wheel is used as an input source of the synchronizing mechanism, and the worm is an output tail of the synchronizing mechanism. The traction sheave is used as an input source, that is, an output mechanism such as a gear or a timing belt is provided on a rotation shaft of the traction sheave, and a transmission ratio of the timing mechanism is designed according to a transmission ratio between the traction sheave and the worm.
Preferably, the synchronisation mechanism comprises a clutch which remains in transmission when energised and which is de-energised when de-energised. The synchronous mechanism comprises a clutch, so that inertial rotation generated after the traction machine is braked is not transmitted to the worm, and the worm is prevented from continuously rotating to drive the turbine to rotate, and the final braking is prevented from being influenced. The clutch is added, the synchronous mechanism can be directly disconnected when the traction sheave is braked, so that the worm plays a role in self-locking the worm wheel, the running condition of the elevator is considered, when the elevator is faulty, the electricity consumption of the elevator is cut off, the electromagnetic clutch is adopted in consideration of the clutch, when the elevator is faulty to normally run, the electromagnetic clutch normally works, the synchronous mechanism normally works, when the elevator is faulty, the elevator is cut off for safety consideration, the synchronous mechanism is disconnected, and the worm does not have external power input to realize self-locking on the worm wheel.
Preferably, the synchronizing mechanism comprises a transmission rod which is parallel to the rotation axis of the traction sheave, and the transmission rod is connected with the worm through a transmission mechanism capable of changing the transmission direction by 90 degrees. The rotation axis of the worm is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the traction wheel, so that the synchronous mechanism comprises a transmission rod and a transmission mechanism capable of steering by 90 degrees, and after the transmission mechanism is used for steering by 90 degrees, the transmission rod and the traction wheel are transmitted to the worm in the same rotation direction.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism adopts a bevel gear pair or a worm gear.
Preferably, the power input of the transmission rod is from a traction machine, the traction machine adopts a bidirectional transmission structure, one end output is connected with a traction wheel, and the other end output is connected with the transmission rod through a gear pair. Or the output of the other end is connected with the transmission rod through a synchronous belt.
Preferably, the rescue motor is connected with a standby power supply, and the standby power supply adopts a storage battery or a manpower generator. When the elevator normally operates, the rescue motor is in a no-load state, that is to say, the rescue motor is not powered at the moment, the rescue motor is in a free state, the worm synchronously rotates along with the worm wheel under the drive of the synchronous mechanism, and at the moment, the rescue motor is driven by the worm to follow, so that the worm operation is not influenced. When the elevator breaks down, for example, the traction machine runs abnormally, the power supply of the elevator can be cut off, or the elevator is in power failure, at the moment, the power supply is needed to be supplied to the rescue motor in a short time through the standby power supply, so that the rescue motor can drive the worm to rotate, the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate, the worm wheel drives the traction wheel to rotate, the elevator car is pulled to ascend and descend through the traction rope to realize leveling and rescue, the standby power supply can adopt a storage battery, the storage battery is more convenient, the structure is also facilitated to be simplified, or the standby power supply adopts a manpower generator, and power is generated through manpower to supply power to the rescue motor.
Preferably, the manual power generation mechanism of the manual power generator is provided at a hidden position in the car. The position of the manpower generator is positioned at the hidden part of the car, the inner space of the car is not affected, passengers are not prevented from standing, after the manpower generator is hidden, misoperation of passengers in the car can not occur, and of course, a safety device can be additionally arranged at the position, so that the rescue motor can be started only when rescue occurs, and the normal operation of the elevator can not be affected even if misoperation occurs.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the reliable braking of the traction sheave can be realized when the elevator system fails or fails, and the safety accidents of the top or the bottom of the elevator car are effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. traction machine, 2, coupling, 3, traction sheave, 4, rescue motor, 5, worm gear mechanism, 6, encoder, 7, driven bevel gear, 8, driving bevel gear, 9, transfer line, 10, driven gear, 11, driving gear, 12, worm gear, 13, worm, 14, driven pulley, 15, hold-in range, 16, driving pulley, 17, electromagnetic clutch.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of specific examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: an elevator double-machine traction device (see fig. 1) comprises a traction machine 1, a traction sheave 3, a worm and gear mechanism 5, a rescue motor 4 and a synchronous mechanism.
The hauler sets up on the mounting platform at elevator well top, and the hauler in this embodiment adopts servo motor, and servo motor can accurate controller rotational speed, and the hauler is as the power supply that the car goes up and down. The traction machine adopts a bidirectional transmission structure, one end of the traction machine is output and is coaxially connected with the traction wheel through a coupler 2, and the other end of the traction machine is connected with a synchronous mechanism. The other side of the traction wheel is connected with a worm and gear mechanism through a coupler. The traction sheave is wound with a traction rope, one end of the traction rope bypasses the steering pulley and is connected with the lift car, the other end of the traction rope bypasses the steering pulley and is connected with the counterweight, and the traction sheave and the traction rope jointly form an action executing mechanism for lifting the traction lift car. When the traction machine outputs torque to drive the traction sheave to rotate, one end of a traction rope wound on the traction sheave descends, and the other end ascends, so that the lift of the car is pulled. When the lift car connected with one end of the traction rope ascends, the counterweight connected with the other end of the traction rope descends synchronously; conversely, when the car connected to one end of the hoisting rope descends, the counterweight connected to the other end of the hoisting rope ascends in synchronization with the hoisting rope.
The worm gear mechanism comprises a worm gear and a worm which are meshed with each other, the worm gear is coaxially connected with the traction sheave and synchronously rotates along with the traction sheave, and the worm gear are meshed to form a locking mechanism of the traction sheave. When the elevator works normally, the worm teeth are separated from the worm gear teeth, symmetrical gaps exist between the worm teeth and the worm gear teeth, the gaps are designed to be 2mm in the embodiment, the worm can have a non-contact rotating angle relative to the worm gear, enough fault tolerance allowance is formed between the worm and the worm gear, the worm is required to be driven at the moment in order to ensure that the worm can not lock the worm gear, the rotating speed of the worm is matched with the rotating speed of the worm gear, the worm gear rotates synchronously along with the traction wheel, the worm rotates synchronously, and the worm teeth are always kept separated from worm gear teeth. The worm gear mechanism is connected with an encoder 6, and the encoder is mainly used for monitoring the rotation of the worm wheel and feeding back the rotation of the worm wheel, namely, the running condition of the traction wheel can be monitored through the encoder.
In order to realize worm synchronization, the invention adopts a mechanically-driven synchronization mechanism, and in the embodiment, the power of the synchronization mechanism is derived from a traction machine. The synchronous mechanism comprises a transmission rod 9 which is parallel to the rotation axis of the traction sheave, and the transmission rod is connected with the worm through a transmission mechanism capable of changing the transmission direction by 90 degrees. The transmission mechanism capable of changing the transmission direction by 90 degrees in the embodiment adopts a bevel gear pair and comprises a driving bevel gear 8 and a driven bevel gear 7 which are meshed with each other, wherein the driving bevel gear is connected with a transmission rod, and the driven bevel gear is connected with a worm. The other end output of the traction wheel is connected with the end part corresponding to the transmission rod through a gear pair, the gear pair comprises a driving gear 11 and a driven gear 10, the driving gear is connected with the output shaft of the traction wheel, the driven gear is connected with the end part of the transmission rod, and the driving gear is meshed with the axis of the driven gear in parallel. The transmission arms of the gear pair and the bevel gear pair are designed according to the rotation speed ratio between the traction sheave and the worm, the traction sheave is driven by the traction machine to rotate, the traction sheave synchronously drives the worm wheel to rotate, and the worm wheel and the worm have fixed rotation speed ratio, so that the same rotation speed ratio is required for transmission through the synchronous mechanism. When the elevator breaks down, the elevator stops supplying power at the moment, the synchronous mechanism stops driving, the worm is used for self-locking the worm wheel, and the traction sheave is locked at the same time, so that the car is guaranteed to stop.
In order to save passengers in time when an elevator fails, the invention designs a rescue motor 4, the rescue motor is connected with a worm, and the rescue motor is connected with a standby power supply. The rescue motor only drives the worm to rotate when rescue is needed, and then drives the worm wheel to rotate and drives the traction sheave to rotate to rescue and move the car. The rescue motor is coaxially connected with the worm, when the elevator works normally, the rescue motor does not supply power, the rescue motor can not drive the worm to rotate at the moment, the worm rotates under the drive of the synchronous mechanism, and the rescue motor freely rotates along with the worm. When the elevator is in failure, the elevator car stops under the condition that the worm gear is self-locking, and when rescue is needed, the standby power supply supplies power to the rescue motor, the rescue motor drives the worm to rotate, the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate, the worm wheel drives the traction sheave to rotate, and the traction sheave pulls the elevator car to lift nearby to be flat through the traction rope, so that the purpose of rescue in the first time is achieved. This backup power supply can be charged during normal operation of the elevator.
Example 2: an elevator double-machine traction device (see fig. 2) comprises a traction machine 1, a traction sheave 3, a worm and gear mechanism 5, a rescue motor 4 and a synchronous mechanism.
The synchronous mechanism comprises a transmission rod 9 which is parallel to the rotation axis of the traction sheave, and the transmission rod is connected with the worm through a transmission mechanism capable of changing the transmission direction by 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism capable of changing the transmission direction by 90 ° adopts a worm gear and worm, the worm gear 12 is connected with a worm in the worm gear and worm mechanism, the worm 13 is connected with the end of the transmission rod, and the other end of the transmission rod is connected with the output end of the traction machine through a synchronous belt 15. The end of the transmission rod is fixed with a driven belt pulley 14, the output end of the traction machine is fixed with a driving belt pulley 16, and a synchronous belt 15 is connected between the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley. The output of the traction machine is transmitted to a transmission rod through a synchronous belt, and the transmission rod drives a worm of a worm gear mechanism through a worm gear and keeps synchronous rotation with a worm wheel of the worm gear mechanism.
And the synchronous mechanism adopts a mechanical transmission mode, is connected with the worm and drives the worm to rotate synchronously with the worm wheel, and the worm is always separated from the worm wheel when the elevator normally operates.
Other structures of this embodiment refer to the description of embodiment 1.
Example 3: an elevator double-machine traction device (see fig. 3) is different from the embodiment 1 in that a clutch is arranged on a transmission rod 9, the clutch in the embodiment adopts an electromagnetic clutch 17, when the power is on, the clutch keeps transmission, and a synchronous mechanism drives a worm to synchronously rotate, so that the worm wheel is not locked; when no electricity exists, the clutch disconnects the transmission. At the moment, the synchronous mechanism does not have power input and can not drive the worm to rotate, the worm can lock the worm wheel, and finally the traction wheel is locked. The rest of the structure is referred to in example 1.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent transformation of the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.