CN109664868A - The believable network control braking system and control method of electric car - Google Patents

The believable network control braking system and control method of electric car Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109664868A
CN109664868A CN201910051894.XA CN201910051894A CN109664868A CN 109664868 A CN109664868 A CN 109664868A CN 201910051894 A CN201910051894 A CN 201910051894A CN 109664868 A CN109664868 A CN 109664868A
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control
braking
module
brake
vehicle
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CN109664868B (en
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曹万科
何洪文
刘继志
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/176Brake regulation specially adapted to prevent excessive wheel slip during vehicle deceleration, e.g. ABS
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/82Brake-by-Wire, EHB

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to electric vehicle brake control technology and system regions, the specially believable network control braking system and control method of electric car;The double base management framework scheme that brak control unit is combined using control and scheduling, wheel condition sensor node is connected by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with brak control unit, and brak control unit is connected further through double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with brake actuator node.Brak control unit includes controller and scheduler Dual module, and wherein controller uses the ideal braking force distribution closed loop management strategy fed back based on wheel condition signal, and Scheduler module uses the active schedule method managed based on the basic cycle.The present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as the brake control status sampled signal of In-vehicle networking induction and delay, the asynchronous and network failure of control signal, can provide technical support to improve brake efficiency, directional stability and the fault-tolerant ability of vehicle.

Description

The believable network control braking system and control method of electric car
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric vehicle brake control technology and system regions, the specially believable network control system of electric car Dynamic system and control method.
Background technique
Braking ability is one of main performance of automobile.Braking ability evaluation index includes that brake efficiency, braking direction are steady Qualitative, heat resistanceheat resistant decline performance.Good braking ability needs reasonably to distribute brake force in braking, is allowed to meet ideal system The power relations of distribution (such as I curve), should guarantee the stability of vehicle, guarantee the steering capability of vehicle again.However it is traditional Mechanical braking is difficult to realize ideal braking force distribution.
Line control brake system teaches skill art acquisition transducing signal using line and sends brake command, instead of traditional machine liquid system Dynamic device has the characteristics that small in size, flexible arrangement, controllability be good and fast response time, for the ideal braking force distribution of realization Provide possibility.It, will using traditional point-to-point connection however as the application of big quantity sensor, actuator and control unit Lead to harness and electric interfaces increase and security risk.Therefore In-vehicle networking is generallyd use to realize line control system in engineer application It is integrated, become a kind of multi input, multi output network control system.
On the other hand, the use of In-vehicle networking will inevitably introduce signal transmission delay, signal transmission it is asynchronous with And the security risk that In-vehicle networking failure etc. is new.These security risks will directly affect the sampling of vehicle braking status signal and control Real-time, synchronism and reliability, it is difficult to realize the ideal braking force distribution closed loop pipe that feeds back based on wheel condition signal Reason becomes the new challenge of electric vehicle brake technology development.It is excellent that existing brake-by-wire technical research focuses on brake force mostly The problems such as changing allocation strategy or fault-tolerant hardware redundancy does not consider the various uncertain problems of In-vehicle networking induction, has There is certain limitation, is unable to satisfy the practical application request of braking system of electric car.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortage of prior art, a kind of believable network control braking system of electric car is proposed And control method, it can effectively solve that the signal transmission delay of network induction, signal is asynchronous and In-vehicle networking Fault-Tolerant Problems, mention Real-time, synchronism and the reliability of high vehicle brake signal state sampling and control, are realized and are fed back based on wheel condition signal Ideal braking force distribution closed loop management, for improve vehicle brake efficiency, brake direction steady and fault-tolerant ability provide Technical support.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the believable network control braking system of electric car, Including multiple wheel condition sensor nodes, multiple brake actuator nodes, brak control unit and the vehicle-mounted net of double-bus redundancy Network;The double base management framework scheme that the brak control unit is combined using control and scheduling, the wheel condition sensor It is connected between node and brak control unit by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking, constitutes feedback channel, brak control unit is logical It crosses double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking to be also connected with brake actuator node, constitutes forward path.
The brak control unit includes receiving module, controller module, Scheduler module and sending module;Described connects Module is received to be connected with wheel condition sensor node by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking, receiving module also with controller module phase Even;Scheduler module is connected with controller module, is also connected with sending module;Controller module is connect with sending module; Sending module is connect by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with brake actuator node, that is, braking motor controller;The controller Module for realizing braking moment order calculating and distribution;The Scheduler module is for guaranteeing braking torque distribution order Transmit real-time and synchronism.
The controller module uses ideal brake force curve (the i.e. I curve) relationship of being based on, and carries out front and back braking moment Distribution then compensates adjusting to front and back braking torque distribution based on front and back wheel rotary regimes, avoids vehicle braking force not Foot and brake slip problem form the braking force distribution closed loop management strategy protocol fed back based on vehicle wheel rotational speed state.
The Scheduler module uses the flexible time scheduling method based on the basic cycle, realizes the scheduling of data transmission Management, in particular to: the scheduling strategy of the scheduler module realizes that the basic cycle is controlled by braking using two basic cycles circulation Unit processed is respectively completed sampled signal and control by sending reference frame or control frame starting or terminating within two basic cycles The transmission of signal, wherein the transmission of sampled signal is started transmission by reference frame in a broadcast manner, to realize the same of sampled signal Step;The implementation of control signal is notified brake actuator starting operation by reference frame in a broadcast manner, to realize controlling behavior It is synchronous.
Wherein, the parameter designing of the basic cycle should meet the following conditions constrained dispatch and differ to guarantee real-time Formula:
∑[max(Tmessage)] < Tbase-cycle< τmax,
Wherein, Tbase-cycleFor basic cycle time span, TmessageExpression refers to that traffic order in the basic cycle, wheel turn Fast information, the information transmission time of braking force distribution order, τmaxIndicate the maximum allowable delay of system channel, ∑ [] expression, which refers to, to be asked And maximum operation is sought in operation, max () expression;S.t. indicate constrained in Tmessage-scheduleIndicate traffic order signal Transmission time, Tmessage-sensorIndicate wheel speed sensor sampled signal transmission time, Tmessage-controlIndicate brake force point With command signal transmission time, n indicates wheel speed sensor number, and m indicates wheel drag node number.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Hardware aspect of the present invention uses double-bus redundancy Fault-Tolerant Topology scheme, while double using control and scheduling in terms of algorithm First management framework is realized using the flexible time scheduling method based on the basic cycle by designing reasonable basic cycle length Real-Time Scheduling management to network control braking system, effectively inhibit network induction signal transmission delay, signal transmission it is asynchronous and In-vehicle networking failure improves the real-time, synchronism and reliability of vehicle braking control, for the comprehensive braking effect for improving vehicle Energy, brake direction steady and fault-tolerant ability provide technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is brake-by-wire technology schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is line control brake system braking force distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is ideal front and rear wheel braking force distribution curve;
Fig. 4 is network control braking system schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the network control system schematic diagram of braking system of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the dispatch list schematic diagram of embodiment network control braking system;
Fig. 7 (a) is the control based on network implementation effect figure using traditional approach;
Fig. 7 (b) is the control based on network implementation effect figure that embodiment uses the present invention program.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to It is as described below.
As shown in Figure 1, being brake-by-wire technology schematic diagram, uses line to teach skill art acquisition transducing signal and send braking life It enables, instead of traditional machine hydraulic brake device, has the characteristics that small in size, flexible arrangement, controllability be good and fast response time, it can To realize the independent control of wheel braking force.
As shown in Fig. 2, using four-wheel line control brake system, it can be achieved that the flexible allocation of brake force, preferably makes to realize Power distribution provides possibility.Its braking force distribution principle is as shown in Figure 3: four wheel condition sensors are by collected wheel Status information feedback is to brak control unit, while brak control unit receives the command information (deceleration of electrons from driver The speed signal and angular signal of pedal), the braking of four-wheel target is solved according to ideal front and rear wheel braking force distribution optimization of profile Power, and target braking force signals are sent to brake actuator node, realize the brake-by-wire of vehicle.Ideal braking force distribution Curve such as I curve, I curve are as shown in Figure 3.
It to sum up, can be steady for the brake efficiency and braking direction of improvement motor vehicle braking system using four-wheel line control brake system Qualitative offer technical support.
On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 2, the application of big quantity sensor, actuator and control unit is also brought to integrated control Challenge will lead to harness using traditional point-to-point connection and electric interfaces increase and security risk, is unable to satisfy engineering and answers With needs, therefore In-vehicle networking is generallyd use in engineer application to realize the integrated of line control system, that is, form network control braking system, As shown in figure 4, simultaneously, in order to improve the fault-tolerant ability of braking system, redundant network, such as dual CAN bus are generallyd use in design.
As shown in figure 5, network control braking system has become a kind of typical multiple-input and multiple-output network for control angle Networked control systems, which includes brak control unit, 4 wheel speed sensor nodes, 4 brake actuator nodes, double Bus redundancy network wherein passes through double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking phase between wheel speed sensor node and brak control unit Even, feedback channel is constituted, brak control unit is also connected with brake actuator node by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking, is constituted Forward path.According to control based on network theory, the use of In-vehicle networking will inevitably introduce signal delay, signal difference Step and the problems such as network failure, these problems will directly affect vehicle braking state signal collecting and the real-time of control, synchronous Property and reliability, it is difficult to realize the ideal braking force distribution closed loop management fed back based on wheel condition signal, become electronic vapour The new challenge of vehicle braking technology development.
To solve the above problems, as shown in figure 4, the present invention on hardware use double-bus redundancy network, algorithmically adopt The double base management framework scheme combined with control and scheduling, brak control unit includes receiving module, controller module, scheduling Device module and sending module;Receiving module is connected by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with wheel condition sensor node, is received Module is also connected with controller module;Scheduler module is connected with controller module, is also connected with sending module;Controller Module is connect with sending module;Sending module is connect by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with braking motor controller;The control Device module processed for realizing braking moment order calculating and distribution;The Scheduler module is for guaranteeing that braking torque distribution is ordered The transmission real-time and synchronism of order.
The controller module uses ideal brake force curve (the i.e. I curve) relationship of being based on, and carries out front and back braking moment Distribution then compensates adjusting to front and back braking torque distribution based on front and back wheel rotary regimes, avoids vehicle braking force not The braking force distribution closed loop management as shown in Figure 5 based on vehicle wheel rotational speed state feedback is consequently formed in foot and brake slip problem Scheme.
The Scheduler module uses the flexible time scheduling method based on the basic cycle, realizes the scheduling of data transmission Management, specific scheduling strategy are managed by dispatch list as shown in FIG. 6, and dispatch list is realized using two basic cycle circulations, substantially Period is respectively completed within two basic cycles and is adopted by sending reference frame or control frame starting or terminating by brak control unit The transmission of sample signal and control signal, wherein completing the management of sample information transmission, sampled signal within first basic cycle Transmission start transmission in a broadcast manner by reference frame, to realize the synchronization of sampled signal;It is completed in second basic cycle The management of command information transmission, the implementation for controlling signal are notified brake actuator starting operation by reference frame in a broadcast manner, To realize the synchronization of controlling behavior.In this example, setting CAN bus baud rate is 250kbps, and system communication cycle is 20ms, basic cycle are set as 10ms, the maximum allowable delay 20ms of system channel.The message frame lattice according to as defined in CAN2.0 Formula extends frame length calculations formula are as follows:Know that extension frame length longest can be 160.
To guarantee real-time, in this example, a basic cycle will complete to send 1 traffic order in feedback channel Frame, 4 wheel rotation speed signals data frames, a basic cycle will complete 4 control command data frames, 1 tune in forward path Spend command frame:
That is, the basic cycle meets inequality ∑ [max (T in this examplemessage)] < Tbase-cycle< τmax, thus scheme can Guarantee real-time.
For the control based on network implementation effect analysis diagram in embodiment, wherein Fig. 7 (a) be using traditional approach (not Using scheduler) control based on network implementation effect figure, Fig. 7 (b) is using the control based on network of the mentioned above scheme of the present invention Implementation effect figure, τ indicate the Networked-induced delay of system control loop.Comparison is it is found that the present invention suggests plans and efficiently solves Sampled signal sends asynchronous and control signal and executes asynchronous problem in network system, while Networked-induced delay being reduced To a sampling period, and there are biggish asynchronism and biggish time-varying delays for traditional scheme, to be based on to realize The ideal braking force distribution closed loop management of wheel condition signal feedback provides real-time, synchronous guarantee.
To sum up, pair that redundant network is used on suggested plans hardware, while algorithmically being combined using control and scheduling First management framework, it is ensured that the real-time and synchronism and reliability of the sampling of wheel braking status signal and control, in conjunction with being based on The ideal braking force distribution closed loop management strategy of wheel condition signal feedback, has apparent technical advantage, can be improvement vehicle Brake efficiency, brake direction steady and fault-tolerant ability technical support is provided.
The foregoing is merely example of the present invention, the present invention is not limited solely to above-mentioned realization embodiment, all Locality change, equivalent replacement, improvement for being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc. should be included in guarantor of the invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (5)

1. the believable network control braking system of electric car, which is characterized in that including multiple wheel condition sensor nodes, multiple Brake actuator node, brak control unit and double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking;The brak control unit using control and Dispatch the double base management framework scheme combined;By double total between the wheel condition sensor node and brak control unit Line redundancy In-vehicle networking is connected, and constitutes feedback channel, and brak control unit is also held with braking by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking Row device node is connected, and constitutes forward path.
2. the believable network control braking system of electric car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control for brake Unit, including receiving module, controller module, Scheduler module and sending module;The receiving module is superfluous by dual bus Remaining In-vehicle networking is connected with wheel condition sensor node, and receiving module is also connected with controller module;The scheduler mould Block is connected with controller module, is also connected with sending module;The controller module is connect with sending module;Described Sending module is connect by double-bus redundancy In-vehicle networking with brake actuator node;The controller module is for realizing braking The calculating and distribution of torque command;The Scheduler module be used to guarantee the transmission real-time of braking torque distribution order with it is synchronous Property.
3. the control method of the believable network control braking system of electric car according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In: the controller module, which uses, is based on ideal brake force curved line relation, front and back braking torque distribution is carried out, before being then based on Rear wheel rotary regimes compensate adjusting to front and back braking torque distribution, and vehicle braking force deficiency and brake slip is avoided to ask Topic forms the braking force distribution closed loop management strategy protocol fed back based on vehicle wheel rotational speed state.
4. the control method of the believable network control braking system of electric car according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute The Scheduler module stated uses the flexible time scheduling method based on the basic cycle, realizes the management and running of data transmission;It is described The scheduling strategy of scheduler module realizes that the basic cycle is by brak control unit by sending reference using two basic cycle circulations Frame or control frame start or stop, and sampled signal is respectively completed within two basic cycles and controls the transmission of signal, wherein adopting The transmission of sample signal is started transmission by reference frame in a broadcast manner, to realize the synchronization of sampled signal;Control the implementation of signal Notify brake actuator starting operation, in a broadcast manner by reference frame to realize the synchronization of controlling behavior.
5. the control method of the believable network control braking system of electric car according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute The parameter designing for the basic cycle stated should meet the following conditions constrained dispatch inequality:
∑[max(Tmessage)] < Tbase-cycle< τmax,
Wherein, Tbase-cycleFor basic cycle time span, TmessageExpression refers to traffic order in the basic cycle, vehicle wheel rotational speed letter It ceases, the information transmission time of braking force distribution order, τmaxIndicate that the maximum allowable delay of system channel, ∑ [] expression refer to summation fortune It calculates, maximum operation is sought in max () expression;S.t. indicate constrained in Tmessage-scheduleIndicate the transmission of traffic order signal Time, Tmessage-sensorIndicate wheel speed sensor sampled signal transmission time, Tmessage-controlIndicate braking force distribution life Signal transmission time is enabled, n indicates wheel speed sensor number, and m indicates wheel drag node number.
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Cited By (4)

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CN112224029A (en) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-15 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 Redundancy control method for electromechanical brake system of rail vehicle
US11325638B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2022-05-10 Jilin University Dual-mode active rear-wheel steering device
CN114763124A (en) * 2021-01-12 2022-07-19 现代摩比斯株式会社 Device and method for controlling an electromechanical brake
CN115279633A (en) * 2020-04-01 2022-11-01 大陆汽车科技有限公司 Brake system

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