CN109663911B - Cemented carbide three-edge tool sintering and forming integrated die and preparation method - Google Patents
Cemented carbide three-edge tool sintering and forming integrated die and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109663911B CN109663911B CN201910012400.7A CN201910012400A CN109663911B CN 109663911 B CN109663911 B CN 109663911B CN 201910012400 A CN201910012400 A CN 201910012400A CN 109663911 B CN109663911 B CN 109663911B
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009763 wire-cut EDM Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
Abstract
The invention discloses a sintering and forming integrated die for a hard alloy three-edge cutter and a preparation method, belongs to the field of preparation of hard alloy cutters, and aims to solve the problems of multiple production processes, high production cost, long production period and low production efficiency of the existing preparation method for the hard alloy cutter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of hard alloy cutters, and particularly relates to a sintering and forming integrated die for a hard alloy three-edge cutter and a preparation method of the sintering and forming integrated die.
Background
Galvanized steel sheets are welded steel sheets having a hot-dip or electro-galvanized layer on the surface, and are widely used in the industries of buildings, home appliances, vehicles and ships, container manufacturing, and the electromechanical industry because of their excellent corrosion resistance. When the galvanized steel sheet is subjected to resistance spot welding, a galvanized layer usually penetrates into a copper electrode cap and forms a copper-zinc alloy layer on the surface, which causes the diameter of the end face of the electrode to be increased, thereby causing a great reduction in welding quality. At present, a hard alloy cutter is generally adopted in the industry to timely grind a copper electrode cap, and meanwhile, in order to improve the grinding efficiency of the copper electrode cap, the hard alloy grinding cutter is generally designed into a three-edge structure with a complex profile.
At present, the preparation method of the hard alloy cutter generally comprises multiple process flows of material preparation, ball milling, drying, screen wiping, blank pressing, sintering and the like, so that the production cost is high, the production period is long, and the production efficiency is low. Meanwhile, the higher sintering temperature of the hard alloy puts more severe requirements on sintering equipment. Particularly, in the vacuum hot-pressing sintering process, because the sintering temperature is usually provided by a heating wire or a heating rod, the hard alloy powder is exposed to high temperature for a long time, so that the rapid growth of crystal grains in the alloy is caused, the coarse crystal grains can seriously affect the mechanical properties of the hard alloy cutter, and the hardness and the toughness of the hard alloy cutter are greatly reduced. For a hard alloy cutter with a complex profile and high density, a method of compact forming and curing sintering is usually adopted, but in the curing process, the volume of metal powder is shrunk due to the increase of the densification degree, the dimensional accuracy of a sintered product is influenced, and a forming agent is not easy to completely separate, so that the sintering quality of the hard alloy cutter is influenced; in addition, the hard alloy bar stock can be cut and ground, but the hard alloy bar stock can be greatly wasted, and the production cost is further increased. Therefore, the method is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently for improving the production efficiency of the hard alloy cutter, reducing the production cost and improving the product quality, particularly for realizing a high-quality near-net-shape preparation process of the hard alloy three-edge cutter with a complex profile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of multiple production processes, high production cost, long production period and low production efficiency of the existing preparation method of the hard alloy three-edge cutter. Further provides a sintering and forming integrated die for the hard alloy three-edge cutter and a preparation method.
The invention discloses a sintering and forming integrated die for a hard alloy three-edge cutter and a preparation method, which mainly adopt the technical scheme that:
a sintering die of a hard alloy three-edge cutter comprises an upper pressing head of the sintering die, a lower pressing head of the sintering die, three split dies of the sintering die and a high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve, wherein an infrared temperature measuring hole is formed in the high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve, the upper pressing head of the sintering die is cylindrical, a first bulge is arranged on the lower end face of the upper pressing head of the sintering die, the cross section of the first bulge is consistent with the cross section of a blank of the hard alloy three-edge cutter to be processed, the lower pressing head of the sintering die is cylindrical, a second bulge is arranged on the upper end face of the lower pressing head of the sintering die, the cross section of the second bulge is consistent with the cross section of the blank of the hard alloy three-edge cutter to be processed, the upper part of each split die of the sintering die is arranged in a concave part of the upper pressing head of the sintering die, the lower part of each split die of the sintering die is arranged in the concave, the upper pressure head of the sintering mold is used as a male mold of the mold, and a cavity formed by the lower pressure head of the sintering mold and three split molds of the sintering mold is used as a female mold of the mold.
The cemented carbide three-edge tool sintering and forming integrated die provided by the sintering die and the preparation method thereof are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the density of the hard alloy and the volume of the forming cutter, calculating the weight of the corresponding hard alloy powder through a density formula, and measuring the mass of the pre-alloyed hard alloy powder to exceed the mass of the forming cutter;
step two: selecting preparation equipment comprising a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace, a hydraulic machine, an infrared thermometer, a diffusion pump and a mechanical pump;
step three: pouring the weighed hard alloy pre-alloyed powder into a cavity formed by a lower pressure head of a sintering mold and three split molds of the sintering mold, placing an upper pressure head of the sintering mold among the three split molds of the sintering mold, and compacting the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder;
step four: placing a die filled with hard alloy powder between a high-strength graphite upper cushion block and a high-strength graphite lower cushion block in a spark plasma sintering vacuum furnace, starting an infrared thermometer, adjusting the height of the high-strength graphite lower cushion block and the angle of an infrared temperature measuring hole of a sintering die, enabling infrared rays to directly measure the real-time temperature of a sintering die split mold through the infrared temperature measuring hole of the sintering die, then opening a hydraulic machine, moving an upper pressure head of the hydraulic machine downwards, and enabling an upper electrode, the high-strength graphite upper cushion block, the upper pressure head of the sintering die, the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder, the sintering die split mold, the lower pressure head of the sintering die, the high-strength graphite lower cushion block and a lower electrode to be tightly connected without;
step five, closing a door of the discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace, starting a mechanical pump, closing a resistance gauge when the vacuum degree in the furnace is lower than 1Pa, starting an ionization gauge to measure the vacuum degree in a high vacuum state, and starting a diffusion pump to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 5 × 10-3When Pa, the requirement of spark plasma sintering is met;
step six: starting an infrared thermometer, starting a hydraulic machine, adjusting an oil cylinder proportional valve according to the highest available strength of a sintering mold, applying positive pressure to an upper pressure head of the sintering mold to compress sintering powder, and ensuring that the positive pressure is continuously applied in the sintering process;
step seven: starting a direct current pulse power supply, gradually increasing the current value output by the power supply, observing the real-time temperature of the sintering cutter through an infrared thermometer, preserving the heat after the temperature of the hard alloy cutter blank reaches 1200-1400 ℃, and then uniformly reducing the current value until no current exists, and then closing the power supply;
step eight: after the temperature of the sintering mold is reduced to room temperature, closing the vacuum diffusion pump and the mechanical pump, opening the air release valve to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to be the same as the atmospheric pressure, and taking out the hard alloy cutter blank;
step nine: and performing finish machining on the hard alloy cutter blank by adopting a wire electrical discharge machining method, and then polishing the surface of the hard alloy cutter according to the use requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method can directly sinter the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder into the hard alloy three-edge cutter in a complex profile die, thereby greatly shortening the process flow of preparing the hard alloy three-edge cutter;
the whole sintering time of the preparation method is only about 4% of that of the traditional hot-pressing sintering, and the high-temperature pressure maintaining time is only 7% of that of the traditional hot-pressing sintering, so that the production period of the hard alloy cutter is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved;
the preparation method can improve the hardness of the hard alloy three-edge cutter after processing and forming by 100 percent, and improve the service performance of the hard alloy three-edge cutter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric drawing of a complex profile cemented carbide three-edge cutting tool;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sintering and forming integrated preparation method of a hard alloy complex-surface three-edge tool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relative position relationship between a complex-profile sintering mold and a cemented carbide three-edge tool;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shape of an upper pressure head of the complex-profile sintering die;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a complex-profile sintering mold split mold shape;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the shape of the lower ram of the complex-profile sintering die;
fig. 7 is a microstructure diagram of the cemented carbide tool after sintering and forming.
In the figure: 1, pressing a head on a hydraulic press; 2 an upper electrode; 3 sintering the upper pressure head of the die; 4, hard alloy cutter blank; 5 sintering the temperature measuring hole of the die; 6, an infrared thermometer; 7 a lower electrode; 8, discharging plasma sintering vacuum furnace; 9, a high-strength graphite upper cushion block; 10 high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeves; 11 sintering the lower pressure head of the die; 12 high-strength graphite lower cushion blocks; 13, a lower pressure head of a hydraulic press and 14, a sintering mould split mould.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: with reference to fig. 2, the sintering mold of the cemented carbide three-edged tool according to the present embodiment includes an upper pressing head 3 of the sintering mold, a lower pressing head 11 of the sintering mold, three split molds 14 of the sintering mold, and a high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve 10, the high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve 10 is provided with an infrared temperature measuring hole 5, the upper pressing head 3 of the sintering mold is a cylinder, a first protrusion is provided on a lower end surface of the upper pressing head 3 of the sintering mold, a cross section of the first protrusion is identical to a cross section of a blank of the cemented carbide three-edged tool to be processed, the lower pressing head 11 of the sintering mold is a cylinder, a second protrusion is provided on an upper end surface of the lower pressing head 11 of the sintering mold, a cross section of the second protrusion is identical to a cross section of the blank of the cemented carbide three-edged tool to be processed, an upper portion of each split mold 14 of the sintering mold is disposed in a recessed portion of the upper pressing head 3 of the sintering, the high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve 10 is sleeved outside the three sintering mold split molds 14, the upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold is used as a male mold of the mold, and a cavity formed by the lower pressure head 11 of the sintering mold and the three sintering mold split molds 14 is used as a female mold of the mold.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and the implementation process of the sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the cemented carbide three-edged tool provided by the sintering mold according to the embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the weight of the corresponding hard alloy pre-alloyed powder according to the density of the hard alloy and the volume of the forming cutter by a density formula, and measuring the mass of the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder to exceed the mass of the forming cutter;
step two: selecting preparation equipment comprising a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, a hydraulic press, an infrared thermometer 6, a diffusion pump and a mechanical pump;
step three: pouring the weighed cemented carbide pre-alloy powder into a cavity consisting of a lower pressure head 11 of the sintering mold and three split molds 14 of the sintering mold, placing an upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold among the three split molds 14 of the sintering mold, and compacting the cemented carbide pre-alloy powder;
step four: putting a die filled with hard alloy powder between an upper high-strength graphite cushion block 9 and a lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 in a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, starting an infrared thermometer 6, adjusting the height of the lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 and the angle of an infrared temperature measuring hole 5 of the sintering die, enabling infrared rays to directly measure the real-time temperature of a split die 14 of the sintering die through the infrared temperature measuring hole 5 of the sintering die, then opening a hydraulic press, moving an upper pressure head 1 of the hydraulic press downwards, and enabling an upper electrode 2, the upper high-strength graphite cushion block 9, the upper pressure head 3 of the sintering die, the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder, the split die 14 of the sintering die, a lower pressure head 11 of the sintering die, the lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 and the lower electrode 7 to be tightly;
step five, closing a door of the discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, starting a mechanical pump, closing a resistance gauge when the vacuum degree in the furnace is lower than 1Pa, starting an ionization gauge to measure the vacuum degree in a high vacuum state, and starting a diffusion pump to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 5 × 10-3When Pa, the requirement of spark plasma sintering is met;
step six: starting an infrared thermometer 6, starting a hydraulic machine, adjusting an oil cylinder proportional valve to be under a safety pressure according to the available highest strength of the sintering mold, applying a positive pressure to an upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold to compact the sintering powder, and ensuring that the positive pressure is continuously applied in the sintering process;
step seven: starting a direct current pulse power supply, gradually increasing the current value output by the power supply, observing the real-time temperature of the sintering cutter through an infrared thermometer 6, preserving the heat after the temperature of the hard alloy cutter blank 4 reaches 1200-1400 ℃, and then uniformly reducing the current value until no current exists, and then closing the power supply;
step eight: after the temperature of the sintering mold is reduced to room temperature, closing the vacuum diffusion pump and the mechanical pump, opening the air release valve to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to be the same as the atmospheric pressure, and taking out the hard alloy cutter blank 4;
step nine: and (3) performing finish machining on the hard alloy cutter blank 4 by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining method, and then polishing the surface of the hard alloy cutter according to the use requirement.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the second embodiment, the mass of the measured cemented carbide pre-alloyed powder in the first step is 120% of the mass of the tool, and other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those in the second embodiment.
So set up and can effectively avoid leading to the not good problem of quality of final finished product because of the loss of carbide pre-alloyed powder in the course of working.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold described in the sixth step applies positive pressure to compress the sintering powder at a positive pressure of 50MPa to 110MPa, and other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those in the second embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: in the sixth embodiment, the continuous pressure applied in the sintering process is 50MPa to 110MPa, and other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those in the second embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the positive pressure is continuously applied in the sintering process described in the sixth step to be 80 MPa. Other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those described in the second embodiment.
In a seventh specific embodiment, after the temperature of the cemented carbide three-edge tool reaches 1350 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 3min to 9min, and other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those in the second specific embodiment.
In the eighth embodiment, the electric discharge machining apparatus for finish machining the cemented carbide tool blank 4 by the wire electric discharge machining method described in the ninth embodiment is a slow wire electric discharge machining apparatus, and other undisclosed techniques and steps are the same as those of the second embodiment.
In the electric spark machining, the slow-speed wire feeding equipment is more delicate than the fast-speed wire feeding equipment in machining, and the surface quality of a cutter can be better when the slow-speed wire feeding equipment is used for machining the cutter.
Examples
The embodiment provides a sintering and forming integrated preparation method of a hard alloy three-edge cutter, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the density of the hard alloy and the volume of a forming cutter, calculating the weight of the hard alloy pre-alloy powder to be 15g through a density formula, and measuring the weight of the hard alloy pre-alloy powder to be 18 g;
step two: selecting preparation equipment comprising a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, a hydraulic machine, an infrared temperature measurement system, a diffusion pump and a mechanical pump;
step three: pouring the weighed cemented carbide pre-alloy powder into a cavity consisting of a lower pressure head 11 of the sintering mold and three split molds 14 of the sintering mold, placing an upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold among the three split molds 14 of the sintering mold, and compacting the cemented carbide pre-alloy powder;
step four: putting a die filled with hard alloy powder between an upper high-strength graphite cushion block 9 and a lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 in a plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, starting an infrared thermometer 6, adjusting the height of the lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 and the angle of an infrared temperature measuring hole 5 of a sintering die, enabling infrared rays to directly measure the real-time temperature of a split die 14 of the sintering die through the infrared temperature measuring hole 5 of the sintering die, then opening a hydraulic press, moving an upper pressure head 1 of the hydraulic press downwards, and enabling an upper electrode 2, the upper high-strength graphite cushion block 9, the upper pressure head 3 of the sintering die, hard alloy pre-alloyed powder, the split die 14 of the sintering die, a lower pressure head 11 of the sintering die, the lower high-strength graphite cushion block 12 and the lower electrode 7 to be tightly;
step five, closing a door of the discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace 8, starting a mechanical pump, closing a resistance gauge when the vacuum degree in the furnace is 0.9Pa, starting an ionization gauge to measure the vacuum degree in a high vacuum state, and starting a diffusion pump (preheating is required for 50min in advance) to ensure that the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 5 × 10-3When Pa, the requirement of spark plasma sintering is met;
step six: starting an infrared thermometer 6, starting a hydraulic press, adjusting an oil cylinder proportional valve according to the highest available strength of a sintering mold, applying a positive pressure of 80MPa to an upper pressure head 3 of the sintering mold to compact sintering powder, and ensuring that the positive pressure of 80MPa is continuously applied in the sintering process;
step seven: starting a direct current pulse power supply, gradually increasing the current value output by the power supply, observing the real-time temperature of the sintering cutter through an infrared thermometer 6, preserving the heat after the temperature of the hard alloy cutter blank 4 reaches 1350 ℃, and then uniformly reducing the current value until no current exists, and then closing the power supply;
step eight: after the temperature of the sintering mold is reduced to room temperature, closing the vacuum diffusion pump and the mechanical pump, opening the air release valve to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to be the same as the atmospheric pressure, and taking out the hard alloy cutter blank 4;
step nine: and (3) performing finish machining on the hard alloy cutter blank 4 by adopting a slow wire-moving electrospark wire-electrode cutting method, and then polishing the surface of the hard alloy cutter according to the use requirement.
According to the hard alloy three-edge cutter prepared by the embodiment, the high-temperature pressure maintaining time of the hard alloy raw material is reduced by 93%, the whole sintering time is reduced by 96%, the hardness of the cutter is improved by 100%, and the hard alloy three-edge cutter can be suitable for required machining.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make many modifications and equivalent variations by using the above-described structures and technical contents without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sintering forming integrated preparation method of a hard alloy three-edge cutter comprises an upper sintering mould pressing head (3), a lower sintering mould pressing head (11), three sintering mould split molds (14) and a high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve (10), wherein the high-strength graphite reinforcing sleeve (10) is provided with an infrared temperature measuring hole (5), the upper sintering mould pressing head (3) is a cylinder, the lower end face of the upper sintering mould pressing head (3) is provided with a first bulge, the cross section of the first bulge is consistent with the cross section of a hard alloy three-edge cutter blank to be processed, the lower sintering mould pressing head (11) is a cylinder, the upper end face of the lower sintering mould pressing head (11) is provided with a second bulge, the cross section of the second bulge is consistent with the cross section of the hard alloy three-edge cutter blank to be processed, the upper portion setting of every sintering mould split (14) is in the depressed part of pressure head (3) on the sintering mould, the lower part setting of every sintering mould split (14) is in the depressed part of pressure head (11) under the sintering mould, high strength graphite reinforcement cover (10) suit is in three sintering mould split (14) outsides, pressure head (3) are as the terrace die of mould on the sintering mould, the die cavity that pressure head (11) and three sintering mould split (14) are constituteed under the sintering mould is as the die of mould, its characterized in that: the method is realized by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the weight of the corresponding hard alloy pre-alloyed powder according to the density of the hard alloy and the volume of the forming cutter by a density formula, and measuring the mass of the hard alloy pre-alloyed powder to exceed the mass of the forming cutter;
step two: selecting preparation equipment comprising a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace (8), a hydraulic press, an infrared thermometer (6), a diffusion pump and a mechanical pump;
step three: pouring the weighed cemented carbide pre-alloy powder into a cavity formed by a lower pressure head (11) of a sintering mold and three split molds (14) of the sintering mold, placing an upper pressure head (3) of the sintering mold among the three split molds (14) of the sintering mold, and compacting the cemented carbide pre-alloy powder;
step four: putting a die filled with cemented carbide pre-alloy powder between a high-strength graphite upper cushion block (9) and a high-strength graphite lower cushion block (12) in a discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace (8), starting an infrared thermometer (6), adjusting the height of the high-strength graphite lower cushion block (12) and the angle of an infrared temperature measuring hole (5) of a sintering die, directly measuring the real-time temperature of a sintering die split mold (14) through the infrared temperature measuring hole (5) of the sintering die by infrared rays, then opening a hydraulic machine, and moving an upper pressure head (1) of the hydraulic machine downwards to tightly connect an upper electrode (2), the high-strength graphite upper cushion block (9), an upper pressure head (3) of the sintering die, the sintering die split mold (14), the cemented carbide pre-alloy powder, a lower pressure head (11) of the sintering die, the high-strength graphite lower cushion block (12) and a lower electrode (7;
step five, closing a door of the discharge plasma sintering vacuum furnace (8), starting a mechanical pump, closing a resistance gauge when the vacuum degree in the furnace is lower than 1Pa, starting an ionization gauge to measure the vacuum degree in a high vacuum state, and starting a diffusion pump to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to reach 5 × 10-3Pa;
step six: starting an infrared thermometer (6), starting a hydraulic machine, adjusting an oil cylinder proportional valve to be under safe pressure according to the available highest strength of the sintering mold, applying positive pressure to an upper pressure head (3) of the sintering mold to compress sintering powder, and ensuring that the positive pressure is continuously applied in the sintering process;
step seven: starting a direct current pulse power supply, gradually increasing the current value output by the power supply, observing the real-time temperature of the sintering cutter through an infrared thermometer (6), preserving the heat after the temperature of the hard alloy cutter blank (4) reaches 1200-1400 ℃, and then uniformly reducing the current value until no current exists, and then closing the power supply;
step eight: after the temperature of the sintering mold is reduced to room temperature, closing the vacuum diffusion pump and the mechanical pump, opening the air release valve to enable the vacuum degree in the furnace to be the same as the atmospheric pressure, and taking out the hard alloy cutter blank (4);
step nine: and performing finish machining on the sintering die by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining method, and then polishing the surface of the hard alloy cutter according to the use requirement.
2. The sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the hard alloy three-edged tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass of the measured hard alloy pre-alloyed powder in the step one is 120% of the mass of the cutter.
3. The sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the hard alloy three-edge cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the upper pressure head (3) of the sintering mould in the sixth step applies positive pressure to compact the positive pressure in the sintering powder to be 50-110 MPa.
4. The sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the hard alloy three-edged tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: and sixthly, continuously applying positive pressure to the sintering process to be 50-110 MPa.
5. The sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the hard alloy three-edged tool as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and sixthly, continuously applying positive pressure of 80MPa in the sintering process.
6. The sintering and forming integrated preparation method of the hard alloy three-edged tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (3) after the temperature of the hard alloy cutter blank (4) reaches 1350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-9 min.
7. The method for integrally preparing the cemented carbide three-edged tool by sintering and forming as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and the electric spark machining equipment for performing finish machining on the hard alloy cutter blank (4) by the electric spark wire cutting method in the ninth step is slow wire walking electric spark machining equipment.
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| CN110421157A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-08 | 广州番禺职业技术学院 | A kind of artwork Ornament and preparation method thereof with true color separation macular area |
| CN110281683B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-12-21 | 广州番禺职业技术学院 | Method for manufacturing ceramic inlaid metal craft ornaments |
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| CN110756799A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-07 | 安徽工业大学 | Foamed aluminum foaming precursor mould pressing preparation facilities |
| CN113787191B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-05-02 | 开封贝斯科超硬材料有限公司 | CBN cutter machining process with grooves |
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