CN109661502A - The method for controlling bit course by prediction bit walk and pit shaft spiral - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of bit course in a kind of control subsurface formations, comprising: receive the drilling parameter for operating specific bottomhole component (BHA)；The directional drilling simulator of the computer model including the BHA and the subsurface formations is constructed using computer processor；The axial movement and lateral movement for being connected to the drill bit of bottom end of the BHA are calculated using formation parameter and drilling parameter；Considered by using the computer model of the BHA and calculates contact force and frictional force between the wall of the drilling in the BHA and the subsurface formations to predict the bit walk of the drill bit；And determination will consider the adjusted bit course of predicted bit walk.The described method includes: determining the adjusted drilling parameter for substantially following the adjusted bit course for operating the BHA, and the BHA is operated according to the adjusted drilling parameter.

Description

The method for controlling bit course by prediction bit walk and pit shaft spiral

Priority claim

This application claims the entitled of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/364,833 submitted on July 20th, 2016 “METHODS OF CONTROLLING DRILL BIT TRAJECTORY BY PREDICTING BIT WALK AND The equity of the applying date of WELLBORE SPIRALING ".The United States Patent (USP) Shen that the application also requires on November 10th, 2016 to submit Please sequence number 15/348,003 the applying date equity, it is entitled that the application is that on October 17th, 2014 submits “DIRECTIONAL DRILL AHEAD SIMULATOR:DIRECTIONAL WELLBORE PREDICTION USING BHA The part continuation application of the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/517,433 of AND BIT MODELS ", the application require 2013 The equity for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/892,959 that on October 18, in submits, and the application also requires 2016 The equity for the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/364,833 submitted July 20, the disclosure of each of them is to draw Mode is integrally incorporated herein.

The theme of the application further relates to entitled " the AXIAL MOTION DRILL BIT submitted on October 17th, 2014 The theme of the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/517,445 of MODEL ", the application require the beauty submitted on October 18th, 2013 The equity of state's temporary patent application sequence number 61/892,992, and the theme of the application further relates to submission on October 17th, 2014 Entitled " LATERAL MOTION DRILL BIT MODEL " U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 14/517,454 theme, The equity of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/893,011 for applying that on October 18th, 2013 is required to submit, wherein often The disclosure of one is integrally incorporated also by the mode of reference.

Technical field

The embodiment of the disclosure is related to controlling in subsurface formations by considering and predicting bit walk and pit shaft spiral Bit course with improve drill-well operation and drilling well planning method.

Background technique

Geological structure is used for many applications, such as exploitation of hydrocarbon recovery, underground heat and carbon dioxide sequestration.In general, drilling It pierces in stratum to provide the channel for entering stratum.The drilling machine being either arranged on land face or the water surface is all operationally connected to brill The drill string of head drills to drill through.Since operation drilling machine is very expensive, can be realized by accurately drilling through drilling desired Geometry and end position, to realize efficiency.When drilling in the earth formation, it is possible to provide extend to the predetermined drilling well in stratum Path is followed for operator.Drilling well path is flexible, turning or otherwise in non-linear, bores so that operator be needed to control Ground tool enters the direction on stratum.It include component (such as the bottomhole component (BHA) and one or more brill ground in drill string Tool (for example, earth-boring bits, reamer or another tool for being configured to the removal earth material when being formed or expanding drilling) can root The ability of non-linear drilling is executed and created in non-linear drilling according to them to be selected.

The complicated phase interaction for the power between wall that the process of directed drilling is drilled due to the lining cutting well of drill bit and subsurface formations With and become complicated.With rotary bit, when especially carrying out drilling well with fixed-cutter type rotary bit, it is known that if Lateral force (commonly referred to as side force or radial force) is applied to drill bit, then drill bit can be from the expection longitudinal axis for being parallel to well drilling Straight line path " travelling " or " drift ".When drill bit by deflection increase in a manner of move about when, it may be said that drill bit move about to the right or Person shows " moving about to the right ".Similarly, when drill bit by deflection reduce in a manner of move about when, it may be said that drill bit move about to the left or Show " moving about to the left ".When drill bit not well drilling bottom at from be parallel to well drill longitudinal axis straight line path When travelling or drift, drill bit is referred to alternatively as " anti-travelling " drill bit and it may be said that shows " neutrality travelling ".In a similar way, When drill bit drifts about on the direction for increasing inclination angle, it may be said that drill bit shows the tendency " constructed ", and when drill bit exists When so that drifting about on the direction that inclination angle reduces, it may be said that drill bit shows the tendency " to fall ".

Many factors or variable, which may at least partly be facilitated, is applied to drill bit and the anti-work of BHA by the subsurface formations of surrounding Firmly and torque.Such factor and variable may include the subsurface formations of such as revolving speed of " bit pressure " (WOB), drill bit and BHA, drilling well Physical property and the length of BHA that is installed to of characteristic, the fluid dynamics of drilling fluid, drill bit and configuration and drill bit and Various design factors of BHA, including cutting element size, radial layout, back (or preceding) oblique angle, skew angle etc..Ability can be used The modeling of various complexity and calculation method known to domain calculates the power acted on drill bit and BHA under predetermined condition and parameter And torque.For example, can create in the following manner pit shaft design: using 3 d modeling software by input with drilling parameter and The associated design variable of lithology data and using software for calculation by mathematical computations come during evaluating borehole by peripherally downly Layer is applied to drill bit and the reaction force and torque of BHA, to estimate that drill bit and BHA pass through the track of subsurface formations.

Summary of the invention

A kind of method for predicting the path of drilling is disclosed, the drilling will be by bottomhole component (BHA) in rock It is drilled out in layer, the bottomhole component includes the drill bit for being connected to drilling pipe, and the BHA is by rig operations.The described method includes: Construct the BHA model of the BHA, size of the BHA model with (a) described BHA, geometry, Mass Distribution, material are close Degree and material stiffness, and (b) predict the size and geometry of drilling to be drilled through, the BHA model is configured to count One or more contact points between (c) described BHA and the wall of the drilling are calculated, and (d) in one or more of contacts The power being applied on the BHA at point, the power includes the side force vector being applied on the drill bit, and the drill bit inclination angle (e)； The confined compressive strength of the rock stratum is calculated using drill model is axially moved, described in the axials movement drill model reception Drilling parameter, drill bit design information and the lithological information including formation rock intensity of drilling machine；Use lateral movement drill model Calculate the lateral movement of the drill bit, the lateral movement drill model receives (i) calculated confined compressive strength, (ii) institute State lithological information, (iii) described drill bit design information, and the described drill bit side force vector sum of (iv) from the BHA model Drill bit inclination angle；The ratio of lateral movement and axial movement is calculated using the lateral movement drill model；Use the reception ratio BHA steering model calculate inclination angle and the azimuth direction of the BHA；And it is changed by following to above-mentioned steps In generation: being by the BHA model modification includes extending the drilling on the inclination angular direction and the azimuth direction to increase Span from；And the BHA is made to shift the distance of increment in extending drilling；Wherein the method is realized by processor.

A kind of non-transitory computer-readable medium with computer executable instructions, the computer are further disclosed Executable instruction is used to predict the path of drilling, and the drilling will be drilled through in the earth formation by bottomhole component (BHA), the well Bottom drill tool assembly has the drill bit for being connected to drilling pipe, and the BHA is by drilling machine by realizing that following steps operate.The step packet It includes: constructing the BHA model of the BHA, the BHA model has size, geometry, the Mass Distribution, material of (a) described BHA Expect density and material stiffness, and (b) predict the size and geometry of drilling to be drilled through, the BHA model is configured Calculate one or more contact points between (c) described BHA and the wall of the drilling, and (d) one or more of The power being applied on the BHA at contact point, the power include the side force vector being applied on the drill bit, and (e) drill bit Inclination angle；The confined compressive strength of the rock stratum is calculated using drill model is axially moved, the axial movement drill model connects Receive the drilling parameter, drill bit design information and the lithological information including formation rock intensity of the drilling machine；It is bored using lateral movement Head model calculates the lateral movement of the drill bit, the lateral movement drill model receive (i) calculated confined compressive strength, (ii) lithological information, (iii) described drill bit design information, and the described drill bit side force of (iv) from the BHA model Vector sum drill bit inclination angle；Calculate the ratio of lateral movement and axial movement；Using the BHA steering model of the reception ratio to calculate State inclination angle and the azimuth direction of BHA；And above-mentioned steps are iterated by following: by the BHA model modification Being includes that the drilling is made to extend distance of increment on the inclination angular direction and azimuth direction；And make the BHA in institute Extend in drilling and shifts the distance of increment.

In some embodiment kinds, a method of bit course in control subsurface formations can include: receive for operating The drilling parameter of specific bottomhole component (BHA)；It may include the BHA and the underground using computer processor construction The directional drilling simulator of the computer model of layer；Using the computer processor, using at least one formation parameter and extremely Lack a drilling parameter to calculate the axial movement and lateral movement of the drill bit for the bottom end for being connected to the BHA；Utilize the meter Calculation machine processor is considered and is calculated in the BHA and the subsurface formations by using the computer model of the BHA Contact force and frictional force between the wall of drilling predict the bit walk of the drill bit；It is determined using the computer processor Consider the adjusted bit course of predicted bit walk.The method can include: determine for operating the BHA with basic On follow the adjusted drilling parameter of the adjusted bit course, and operated according to the adjusted drilling parameter described BHA。

In a further embodiment, a kind of method that pit shaft is planned and drilled through in subsurface formations may include specified Target is limited in subsurface formations.The method can include: predict pit shaft spiral and be connected to specific bottomhole component (BHA) The bit walk of drill bit, the prediction can include: use the computer processor for being programmed to perform directional drilling simulator, institute State the computer model that directional drilling simulator may include the BHA and the specified subsurface formations；Utilize the computer Processor receives lithology data and drilling parameter for operating the BHA in the specified subsurface formations；Using institute Computer processor is stated, calculates lateral fortune using lateral movement drill bit computer model and axial movement drill bit computer model Ratio that is dynamic and being axially moved；Using the computer processor, considers and count by using the computer model of the BHA Lateral contact force, angular displacement and frictional force are calculated to predict bit course；And at least partly using the computer processor The bit course is adjusted based on the prediction result of the computer model from the BHA.The method can include: adjust It is whole to be used to operate the BHA substantially to follow the drilling parameter of the adjusted bit course, and at least partly The pit shaft is drilled through in the specified subsurface formations based on the adjusted bit course.

In a further embodiment, a method of the bit course in control subsurface formations can include: receive special Determine the lithology data of subsurface formations；And receive one or more drilling parameters for operating bottomhole component (BHA), institute State the lateral invasion that one or more drilling parameters may include bit pressure, torque, revolving speed, transmission rate, drilling fluid flow rate or drill bit Property.The method may include predicting the bit walk of the drill bit of pit shaft spiral and the BHA, the prediction can include: utilize meter Calculation machine processor construction may include the directional drilling simulator of the dynamic computer check model of the BHA and the subsurface formations；Make With the computer processor, the well is considered by making the direction rotary constant angle of the normal direction contact force on the drill bit The bit walk of cylinder spiral and the drill bit；Using the computer processor, pass through each iteration of finite element analysis In the dynamic computer check model in torsion frictional force be added to normal direction contact force calculate the combination on the BHA Power；Using the computer processor, the combining ability on the calculating BHA is based at least partially on to predict the drill bit Track；And the computer processor is utilized, it is based at least partially on to the prediction result of the bit course to adjust State bit course.The method may include the bit walk being based at least partially on to the pit shaft spiral and the drill bit Prediction result adjust one or more of drilling parameters.

Detailed description of the invention

This patent or application documents include an at least width color drawings.After filing a request and paying necessary expenses, ability Business this patent with color drawings or the copy of patent application publication will be provided.

Although this specification is considered as the claim of embodiment of the present invention to particularly point out and be distinctly claimed Book is drawn a conclusion, but when reference attached drawing is read, can be from the various spies for more easily determining disclosed embodiment are described below It seeks peace advantage, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional view of the exemplary implementation scheme of drill string and drill bit in the drilling for being arranged in and penetrating the earth；

Fig. 2 describes the various aspects of the output from bottomhole component (BHA) model；

Fig. 3 shows incline measurement convention；

Fig. 4 shows the process flow diagram flow chart of the method at the inclination angle of the drilling for predicting drilling through；

Be referred to as Fig. 5 Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show drilling for predicting drilling through inclination angle method it is more detailed Process flow diagram flow chart；

The various aspects of Fig. 6 description front steering angle model；

Fig. 7 describes the various aspects of the front steering angle model applied to BHA；

Fig. 8 describes the various aspects of the rear steering angle model applied to BHA；

Fig. 9 is the flow chart for the method for predicting the path of drilling, and the drilling will be by having the brill for being connected to drilling pipe The BHA of head is drilled out in the earth formation, wherein the BHA is by rig operations；

Figure 10 describes the various aspects of the referential of drill bit；

Figure 11 describes the various aspects of the first cutting edge of cutting formation rock；

Figure 12 describes the various aspects of the second cutting edge of cutting formation rock；

Figure 13 describes the various aspects of the third cutting edge of cutting formation rock；

Figure 14 describes the various aspects of the formation rock after being cut by three cutting edges；

Figure 15 describes the various aspects for being used as the bored concrete pile of virtual representation of drill bit and formation rock；

Figure 16 describes the various aspects of the cutting blade surface and cutting edge chamfering that are indicated by bored concrete pile；

Figure 17 describes by the various aspects of the rock of cutting blade surface and cutting edge chamfer cutting；

Figure 18 is depicted in the quilt carried out by a series of cutting edges on a cutting edge blade on drill bit in R-Z plane The various aspects of the projected area of rock cutting；

Figure 19 describes tool, and there are two the various aspects of the outside chamfer cutting sword of the slave page of superposition bored concrete pile；

Figure 20 describes the various aspects of the cutting edge indicated by bored concrete pile at rock interface；

Figure 21 describes each side for applying three normal forces on the cutting edge by the local rock surface connect with cutting edge circle Face；

Figure 22 description applies circumferential direction (CIR) and side on the cutting edge by the local rock surface connect with cutting edge circle (SID) various aspects of power；

Figure 23 describes the various aspects of the relationship between cutting edge and the local rock surface connect with cutting edge circle；

Figure 24 describes the inherent various aspects than energy needed for rock cutting as the function of cutting edge back rake；

The various aspects of the power of Figure 25 description effect on the cutting edge；

It is referred to as the various aspects of the various back rakes of Figure 26 A to Figure 26 C description cutting edge of Figure 26；

Figure 27 describes the various aspects of the power model parameter Ψ of the function as back rake parameter θ of Vosges sandstone；

Figure 28 is depicted in comparison of the predicted bit pressure in the test of the first laboratory drilling simulator to measured bit pressure Various aspects；

Figure 29 is depicted in comparison of the predicted bit pressure in the test of the second laboratory drilling simulator to measured bit pressure Various aspects；

Figure 30 is depicted in comparison of the predicted bit pressure in the test of third laboratory drilling simulator to measured bit pressure Various aspects；

Figure 31 is depicted in each side of comparison of the predicted transmission rate at actual field position to measured transmission rate Face；

Figure 32 is the flow chart for the method for predicting the amount of axial movement of drill bit, and the drill bit has for the brill that will drill Enter one or more cutting edges in formation rock；

Figure 33 is the flow chart for describing the various aspects of lateral movement drill model；

Figure 34 describes the various aspects with the drill bit of gauge pad and gage trimmers, the gauge pad be configured to abrasion or Formation rock is crushed, the gage trimmers are configured to cutting formation rock；

Figure 35 describes the various aspects of the relationship of gauge pad and gage trimmers；

Figure 36 describes the various aspects that the simulation of formation rock is laterally removed using gauge pad and gage trimmers；

Figure 37 describes the various aspects of the lateral displacement changed with the axial displacement of simulation；

Figure 38 describes the measured laboratory of prediction result and Bedford lime stone using lateral movement drill model The various aspects of the comparison of side load drilling experiment；

Figure 39 is the variation for predicting lateral displacement for the variation of the axial displacement using the drill bit drilled through in rock stratum Method flow chart；

Figure 40 is the process flow diagram flow chart of directional drilling simulator；

Figure 41 is the simplification figure of the underground view of drilling shown in FIG. 1；

Figure 42 A to Figure 42 K is a series of charts of the drilling simulation result of bit walk when considering building；

Figure 43 A to Figure 43 K is a series of charts for considering the drilling simulation result of dextrorotation bit walk when falling；

Figure 44 A is the simplification figure of the top view of pit shaft spiral；

Figure 44 B is the simplification figure of the side view of pit shaft spiral；

Figure 45 is the simplification transverse sectional view of the BHA in pit shaft, and shows the force vector for acting on BHA；And

Figure 46 is when considering turning along a series of charts of the drilling simulation result for the left-handed bit walk for constructing direction.

Specific embodiment

In some cases, diagram presented herein is not intended to the reality of any certain material, component or system View, and the idealization for being only used for describing implementation of the disclosure scheme indicates.In addition, the mutual component between attached drawing can be protected Hold same numbers label.

Offer detail, such as process, movement and structure is described below, in order to provide the embodiment to the disclosure Detailed description.However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiment of the disclosure can not use these details In the case where implement.In fact, the embodiment of the disclosure is implemented in combination with the routine techniques used in the industry.It is only used for Understand that those movements and structure necessary to the embodiment of the disclosure are described in detail below.For controlling subsurface formations In bit course additional move or structure can be executed by routine techniques.

The element of embodiment has been introduced with "one" or "an" of article.The article means that there are the members One or more of element.Term " includes " and " having " be intended that it is inclusive so that may also be deposited in addition to institute's column element In additional elements.When being used together with a series of at least two terms, conjunction "or" means any term or term Combination.Term " first ", " second " etc. do not indicate certain order, but for distinguishing different elements.

Flow chart depicted herein is only example.It is described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention These figures or step (or operation) many modifications may be present.For example, the step can perform in different order, or can add Add, step is deleted or modified.All these modifications are considered as a part of invention claimed.

Disclose a kind of for predicting or simulating the drilling method of the geometry of drilling, the drilling will or be based on can It is drilled through by the operating parameter that drilling machine is applied to drill string.By this method, selectively actuatable parameter, so that actual borehole has the phase The geometry of prestige, such as track or path, bending radius and final end position.It is known in the art using software come mould Draft the wellbore trace of the BHA and from associated drill string to DRILLING APPLICATION.For example, computer processing system 12 is programmed with by moral Baker Hughes Inc's business development in the state Ke Sasi Houston city and the software program of use, referred to as " directional drilling simulator (DDAS)".DDAS also on May 21st, 2015 announce and it is entitled " directional drill ahead simulator: The U.S. Patent Application Publication No. of directional wellbore prediction using bha and bit models " It is disclosed in 2015/0142406, the disclosure of the application is incorporated hereby.The drilling method uses brill Column steering model (that is, steer arithmetic) predicts drill bit and the therefore inclination angle of drilling that is just being drilled.DDAS may include being used for Prediction is axially moved and the additional model of lateral movement, and may also include for predicting the specific bit in real drilling environment The model of the drilling well performance of design.Particularly, using axial movement drill model (referred to as DRILLBIT) and lateral movement drill bit Model (referred to as SIDECUT) models the dynamics of drill bit, and the model is disclosed in be announced and mark on May 21st, 2015 The U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0142403 of entitled " AXIAL MOTION DRILL BIT MODEL " and 2015 5 The U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 015/ of the announcement of the moon 21 and entitled " LATERAL MOTION DRILL BIT MODEL " In 0142404, the full content of each of described application is also incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.It will lowerly specifically The formation lithology of layer and such as bit pressure, revolving speed, transmission rate, drilling fluid flow rate, the lateral invasion of drill bit or drill string torque Rig operations parameter be input in DRILLBIT and/or SIDECUT, so as to being calculated based on drill bit, BHA and formation rock It interacts accurately to estimate the movement of drill bit.For example, can receive specific to BHA and specific in specified subsurface formations Limited target drilling parameter.

Next, discussing the equipment for drilling through drilling.Fig. 1 shows the drilling pipe 5 in the drilling 2 for being arranged in and penetrating the earth 3 Exemplary implementation scheme cross-sectional view, the earth 3 may include stratum 4.Stratum 4 indicates to be drilled through by drilling pipe 5 of interest Any subsurface material.In the implementation of figure 1, drilling pipe 5 is the drill string made of the drilling rod 6 being coupled together in series.It bores First 7 are arranged in the far-end of drilling pipe 5.Drill string can be described as bottomhole component (BHA) with drill bit 7 together.Drilling machine 8 be configured into Row drill-well operation such as rotates drilling pipe 5 and therefore makes the rotation of drill bit 7 to drill through drilling 2.In addition, drilling machine 8 is configured to pass through Drilling pipe 5 pumps drilling fluid (sometimes referred to as drilling mud), to lubricate drill bit 7 and to rinse the drilling cuttings from drilling 2.In BHA It may include mud motor (not shown).Mud motor is configured to be converted into the energy from drilling fluid to be used to make drill bit 7 to revolve The additional rotating energy turned.Transfer 9 be connected to drilling pipe 5 and be configured to use for example extensible pad 13 along desired or Expected directional control drilling 2 drills through.It can also be used other to turn to configuration, such as make the curved configuration of BHA.Anticipated orientation can Including inclined direction (that is, upward or downward relative to Earth Surface) and/or azimuth direction (that is, relative to such as geographical north or The reference azimuth of grid north).It will be appreciated that transfer 9 is close to 7 (example of drill bit in one or more embodiments Such as, in three feet (0.914 meters)) setting, so that a part for the power or power being applied on drilling pipe 5 by transfer 9 can also It is applied to drill bit 7.In one or more embodiments, transfer 9 can be considered as a part of BHA.In some embodiment party In case, rotary steering drilling system (RSS) can be used to manipulate BHA in drilling 2.For example, RSS may include can be from moral gram The commercially available AutoTrakTM eXact high of the Baker Hughes Inc in the Houston Sa Sizhou city constructs rotary steering system (RSS)("AutoTrakTM eXact RSS").Controller 11 is configured to control transfer 9 along desired directional control Drilling 2 drills through.It may include that the controller 11 of underground electronic device can also act as the interface of telemetering, in underground component and setting Data or order are transmitted between the computer processing system 12 at the surface of the earth 3.The non-limiting embodiments packet of telemetering Include pulse mud and wired drill pipe.System operatio, control and/or data processing operation can be by controllers 11, computer disposal system System 12 or their combination execute.BHA may include the sensor 10 for being configured to sense various downhole parameters, and the parameter can The computer processing system that be used to control drill-well operation by operator or analyst is transferred to on well according to programmed instruction 12, to be used for data record, processing or display.Computer processing system 12 can be configured to accept including simulation drill-well operation Input (for example, by sensor 10 or passing through user input apparatus), will pass through the corrective action including changing operating parameter Improve the various aspects of active drill-well operation, with provide the equipment for subsequent planning drill-well operation is selected and operation or this The recommendation of the two.The time interval that can select, with along drill through the depth interval in path, in the non-linear partial of drilling Reduced interval or their combination during drilling through provide sensor signal.

Controller 11 can receive signal from any other sensor used in downhole sensor 10 and drilling assemblies, and Signal is handled according to programmed instruction.Controller 11 can be by the result of treated signal (for example, current conditions down-hole, current Position, relative to predetermined position, the present operating parameters, recommended operating parameter, the current equipment disposed for drilling through path, with And recommend equipment for deployment) it is sent to the electronics that can be used to control the computer processing system 12 of drill-well operation by operator Display.In some embodiments, the measured characteristic on stratum 4 can be utilized by computer processing system 12.In other implementations In scheme, it can be used computer processing system 12 by accessing the geographically property database on immediate stratum and in computer The estimated characteristic (for example, using linear, multinomial or other known extrapolation technique) for receiving stratum 4 at processing system 12 is come Characteristic measured by extrapolating.The example of downhole parameters includes the inclination angle BHA, BHA acceleration and recordable formation parameter, such as Mineralogy.Teachings disclosed herein can be realized in real time or described by the computer processing system of receiving sensor data Introduction can be by another computer processing system of receiving sensor data is not realized in real time.

In order to support teaching herein, the various analysis components including number and/or simulation system can be used.For example, turning It may include number and/or simulation system to device 9, downhole sensor 10, controller 11 or computer processing system 12.Computer Processing system 12 can have such as processor, storage medium, memory, input, output end, communication link (it is wired, wireless, Pulse mud, optics etc.), user interface, software program, signal processor (number or simulation) and other this base parts it is (all Such as resistor, capacitor, inductor) component, so as to by it is well known in the art it is several in a manner of any one of provide to this The operation and analysis of device and method disclosed in text.It is thought that these introduction can with but be not required combine be stored in including Memory is (for example, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), optics (compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)) Or magnetic (disk, hard disk drive)) non-transitory computer-readable medium or cause computer to realize this when being executed One group of non-transitory computer executable instructions in any other type of the method for invention are realized.Except being retouched in the disclosure Except the function of stating, these instruction can provide equipment operation, control, data collection and analysis and system planner, the owner, User or other such personnel are considered as relevant other function.The result of such as implementation method can pass through processing through processing data Device output interface is transferred to signal receiving device as signal.Signal receiving device can be the display monitor or printer, with For result to be presented to the user.Alternatively or additionally, signal receiving device can be memory or storage medium.It can manage Solution, storing the result into memory or storage medium will make memory or storage medium (not include knot from original state Fruit) it is transformed into new state (comprising result).In addition, if result is more than threshold value, then it can transmit and warn from processor to user interface The number of notifying.

Next, for convenience, providing certain definition.The process for drilling through subsurface formations is usually three dimensional process, because Drill bit not only along longitudinal axis penetrates stratum, and purposefully or unintentionally along crooked route or relative to theory The angled drilling of the longitudinal axis, the theoretical longitudinal axis extend up to subsurface formations in the side for being basically parallel to earth gravitational field In.As used in the disclosure, term " drill-well operation " mean and formation or expansion including drilling in subsurface formations during Performed any operation.For example, drillng operation includes that drilling, reaming and other stratum remove process.

Therefore, the term as used in the disclosure " earth-boring tools " mean and including in subsurface formations drilling formed or Any kind of tool removed during expansion for soil, and including such as fixed-cutter (that is, " scraper ") drill bit, rolling Column rock bit, drill hammer, core bit, off-balance bit, Double Circular Bit, reamer, milling cutter, hybrid bit and ability Other drill bits known to domain and tool.

As used in the disclosure, term " BHA model " be related to the dynamics of BHA in drilling (that is, drill string and drill bit) into The finite element model or beam model of row modeling.In BHA model, user can length by designation hole section and bore section both ends Inclination angle create hole geometry.Each section can be indicated by a series of circles, wherein each circle represents the cross of drilling Section.The model automatically indicates the section of the BHA between the both ends for the bore section that user has specified.Once hole is formed, just Drill string or BHA can be created and put it into the hole.Finite element model or beam model are based on the operation for being applied to BHA by drilling machine Parameter calculates the mode that drill string places mode in the borehole, drill string and the drill position, drill stem buckling or the flexure that contact, with And magnitude and the direction of the contact force at drill string contact the wall of a borehole.BHA model can also calculate the drill bit inclination angle of drill bit, the drill bit Inclination angle is the inclination angle of the angle or drill bit between the longitudinal axis of drill bit and the longitudinal axis of drilling and the inclination angle of drilling Between difference.By an example of the BHA model of Baker Hughes Inc's business development and use in Texas Houston city Referred to as BHASYS PRO.Fig. 2 shows the examples of the output as provided by BHA model, show direction and the magnitude of contact force And the geometry of BHA.Since BHA model is known to the skilled in the art, it is no longer discussed in further detail this The further details of a little models.

Fundamental conventions used in the disclosure and coordinate system are inclination angle, build angle rate (BUR) and dog-leg severity (DLS) Definition.Tiltangleθ is measured from depth axis, as shown in Figure 3.BUR is measured as inclination angle relative to the variation to fathom. In other words, build angle rate is " the hole curvature " projected on perpendicular.Dog-leg severity (DLS) is orifice angle relative to measurement The variation of depth.How whether apertures orients, and dog-leg severity is all " curvature in hole ".It can to edgewise bend, or upwards Bending etc..

Inclination angle will be indicated with symbol theta.The subscript being newly used together with θ is " new " to refer to surveying by prediction BUR algorithm creation Survey the inclination angle at the least significant end (bottom in hole) of section.The old exploration section referred at the top of newly created exploration section θ.It Referred to as " old ", because the inclination angle of exploration section joint is always equal to each other in BHASYS PRO.Therefore, survey area Inclination angle will be equal to the inclination angle at the top of the exploration section of exploration section N+1 at the hole bottom of section N.

Next, discussing the directional drilling analogy method 40 for adding new drilling section to BHA model.It is retouched in Fig. 4 Draw the various aspects of method 40.Firstly, operation BHA model.BHA model gives power, drill bit inclination angle, torque and curvature information to axial direction With lateral movement drill model.The model also gives the BHA alignment in hole curvature and hole to steering model.Next, axial Movement drill model is run using the input from formation lithology record and rig operations parameter.It is strong that the model calculates rock Spend (for example, confined compressive strength) and transmission rate (ROP).Then, ROP and rock strength are given to lateral movement drill bit mould Type.Lateral movement drill model uses the number of this data and such as drill bit side force and drill bit inclination angle supplied by BHA model According to calculating the lateral ROP of drill bit and axial direction ROP or the ratio of lateral displacement and axial displacement in special time period.This is referred to as dL/dZ.The front steering angle δ of BHA _ preceding is exported and is defined as from dL/dZ:

Using small angle approximation, alternative definitions are:

Next steering model (being hereafter explained in detail) is called.The steering model will be by simulating using calculating before δ The inclination angle and azimuth for the created new bore segment ends that drill.New porose area is created based on calculated inclination angle and azimuth Section.BHA and drill bit are moved down into the bottom of new bore section, and call three models (BHA, to be axially moved drill bit mould again Type and lateral movement drill model).Therefore, until circulation is continued until that simulation stops.Drilling analogy method 40 runs BHA first Model, is then fed to axially and laterally drill model for its result, and the axially and laterally drill model is incorporated into drilling mould In quasi- method 40.Then, drilling analogy method 40 predicts position and the geometry of next bore section.

There are the alternative of moving model or sequences, but focus on, steering model by other model fed informations, and And new simulation bore section is placed on steering model drill bit calculated/BHA system such as and wants on the direction drilled through.

Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the flow charts for describing the further details of drilling analogy method 40.In actual well drilled scene, The general orientation behavior of drill bit will be determined or be influenced by following factor: WOB/ROP relationship；Lateral drill bit power/lateral ROP relationship； Drill bit inclination angle, drill speed (for example, RPM)；The confined compressive strength (CCS) of formation rock；Drilling fluid flow rate is (in weak lithology In excessive situation)；And the dynamic stability to drill when drilling through.Therefore, these and other factors are included in steering mould In the model of type fed information.

Next, discussing drill string steering model.Drill string steering model includes front steering angle model.By turning to angle mould forward Type addition rear steering angle model can improve steering accuracy.Front steering angle model is the fortune of the two-wheel carrier based on such as bicycle Dynamic student movement is dynamic.Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram of this carrier to overlook, and shows various aspects relevant to front steering angle.

Following equation describe as the speed V of carrier, the length L of wheelbase and front steering angle δ function relative to carrier The angle variable rate of time.

Steering angle is the angle between direction pointed by the longitudinal axis and front-wheel of carrier.Front steering angle model will be this double Analogy is carried out the part of the first contact point slave drill bit to the wall of a borehole of wheel carrier and BHA.Bicycle path and orientation One between drilling well the difference is that, the rear-wheel of bicycle does not follow the path of front-wheel in turning.In directed drilling, BHA's Second contact point follows the path of drill bit really, this contacts the first contact point with stratum.For the sake of simplicity, it neglects at this time Slightly this difference.

Fig. 7 describes the various aspects for being applied to the front steering angle of BHA.Describe to drill through the BHA of drilling using following parameter:

The time of the angle of orientation of carrier referential

V:

S: it fathoms；

Ds: the variation to fathom；And

δ: the steering angle of drill bit.(it should be noted that this is not drill bit inclination angle.Physical part not necessarily tilts on drill bit.Steering angle δ can conceptually be considered as following angle between the two: the axis (first contact point after from drill bit to drill bit) and brill of tool The instantaneous track of head.)

As explained above, the steering angle of BHA is influenced by certain drilling wells and rock parameter.All these parameters are normally being bored Well can all change during running.Present δ (t) will be indicated as δ, it is assumed that it can be with time or depth change and in whole service Change because parameter mentioned above will at any time or depth and change.First of BHA after drill bit to drill bit is indicated using L The distance of contact point, the equation being directed to directly aboveIt can be rewritten as:

The dt item in denominator can be cancelled, to generate following equation:

This equation can be rewritten as:

Wherein d θ/ds is variation of the drill axis inclination angle (and hole inclination angle) relative to depth.

The curvature of circular cross-section (that is, drilling cross section) is mathematically is defined as:

Wherein R is the radius in round exploration section, and k is the curvature in round exploration section (that is, the song to drill at exploration section Rate radius).Therefore, instantaneous curvature (or curvature of an iteration) can be described mathematically are as follows:

This rewritable equation is to provide the tilt angle varied of each change in depth are as follows:

This controllable equation creeps into the new tiltangleθ in the new exploration section that analogy method is predicted in iteration to find_Newly。θ_{It is old} It is the inclination angle before forming new exploration at shaft bottom.Δ s is bored during each iteration by simulation in drilling analogy method Into the distance of drilling.θ_NewlyThen anterior angle steering model can be used to be written as:

As mentioned above, steering model can be improved by combining relief angle steering model with front steering angle model.Fig. 8 is retouched Draw the various aspects of rear steering angle model.In fig. 8, there is BHA imaginary steering front wheel and imagination to turn to rear-wheel.The rear-wheel is necessary The path for following the drilling drilled through, just as rear-wheel guides BHA on the steer axis of rear-wheel.Rear steering angle model is very Similar to front steering angle model.Only two the difference is that, present rear steering angle appear in right above in formula, and it is preceding It turns to cosine of an angle and also modifies prediction result in following equation:

Rear steering angle δ_AfterwardsBe bore inclining angle θ after drill bit contact at the first contact point of BHA and cutting edge axis it Between angle or it may be defined as the position of bore inclining angle θ and bit contact wall at the first contact point after drill bit Angle between the bore inclining angle θ at place.It is defined using latter, rear steering angle is writeable are as follows:

δ_Afterwards=θ_{(first contact point after drill bit)}–θ_{(contact point at drill bit)}。

Fig. 9 is the flow chart for an example of the method 90 for predicting the path of drilling, and the drilling will be by having connection The bottomhole component (BHA) for being connected to the drill bit of drilling pipe drills out in the earth formation, and the BHA is by rig operations.Frame 91 requires building The BHA model of BHA.The BHA model includes: that size, geometry, Mass Distribution, density of material and the material of (a) BHA is rigid Degree；And (b) predict the size and geometry of the drilling drilled through.BHA model is configured to calculate: (c) BHA and the wall of a borehole it Between one or more contact points；And the power on BHA, the power packet (d) are applied at one or more of contact points Include the side force vector being applied on drill bit；And (e) drill bit inclination angle.Frame 92 requires to calculate rock using drill model is axially moved The confined compressive strength of layer, the model receive the drilling parameter of drilling machine, drill bit design information and including formation rock intensity Lithological information.Frame 93 requires the lateral movement that drill bit is calculated using lateral movement drill model, and the model receives: (i) From the axial ROP for being axially moved drill model；(ii) lithological information；And (iii) drill bit design information；And (iv) comes from The drill bit side force vector sum drill bit inclination angle of BHA model.Frame 94 requires to calculate the ratio of lateral movement and axial movement.Frame 95 requires to make Inclination angle and the azimuth direction of BHA are calculated with the BHA steering model for receiving the ratio.Inclination angle and azimuth direction (example Such as, the direction relative to geographical north or angle) three-dimensional is provided together.Frame 96 requires to change to above-mentioned steps by following In generation: being by BHA model modification includes so that drilling is extended distance of increment on inclination angular direction and azimuth direction and BHA being made to exist Extend in drilling and shifts the distance of increment.

Each frame in method 90 can be realized by the processor such as in computer processing system.In addition, by method 90 The data of input as various models discussed herein above can join with according to the drilling well for obtaining predicted bore path Number is updated in real time drilling through actual borehole.More new data can from one be arranged on the BHA for drilling through actual borehole or Multiple sensors obtain.By this method, can by using more new data predicted path to improve accuracy.Sensor can Drilling caliper sensor and/or stratum sensor including being configured to sense the data that can be derived from formation lithology.Ground Layer sensor example include natural gamma rays sensor and given-ioff neutron and sense by neutron and stratum interaction and The neutron of generation or the neutron tool of gamma ray.

Drill model (i.e. DRILLBIT) is axially moved next, discussing.Axial drill model is directional drilling simulator A part.It allows to predict that specific bit designs the drilling well performance in real well environment, and particularly, uses PDC Cutting edge power model calculates the power on drill bit.Given operating parameter, formation characteristics and specific bit design, axial model are being advised Determine to predict transmission rate (ROP) in the case where bit pressure (WOB) or has predicted WOB in the case where defining ROP.Group method It is as follows: (a) according to drill bit design and operating parameter, to calculate for each of cutting edge for representing drill bit across face and chamfering The area of cut (projects on perpendicular)；(b) according to the details of rock stratum, drilling depth and mud weight, the side of rock stratum is estimated Limit compression strength；(c) the detailed geometry of the juncture of these estimated areas of cut, cutting edge edge and rock is given And the CCS of rock stratum, use " power model " (being discussed below) to calculate the power on the face and chamfering of cutting edge；(d) and it is right Make every effort to and on all cutting edges to obtain the resulting net force on drill bit.If defining ROP, these power are easily converted to WOB (bit pressure) and TOB (torque-on-bit).If defining WOB, iteration regulation is used, it is straight to adjust ROP by the iteration regulation Until predicted WOB matches defined WOB.

If directional drilling simulator (DDAS) is just drilled through with defined ROP, the axial movement used from DDAS That drill model is uniquely passed back is CCS and some information about drill bit design.However, if DDAS just using defined WOB into Row drills through, then CCS, ROP and the information about drill bit design will be transmitted back to and be used by DDAS.Specifically, (the side SIDECUT To movement drill model) information that needs CCS value and designed about drill bit, to predict the drill bit with applied side load Lateral migration.

Be axially moved drill model assume: drill bit it is positive " " center " drill through and bit axis always with rock referential In fixation Z axis be overlapped, as shown in Figure 10.It is axial when each cutting edge passes through the perpendicular for being defined as [Y=0, X > 0] Model calculates the area of cut and power.In this referential, Z axis is located on bit axis, and positive Z is the side along tip to pommel To.Rock surface is defined as the simply connected line limited in this perpendicular in this plane.Figure 10, which is shown, to be superimposed with vertically This referential of plane.Drill bit in Figure 10 is polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit.

As a part that axial model is discussed, bit is discussed now and rock surface updates.In one or more In embodiment, drill bit and rock surface are modeled using node, and updated based on drill bit-rock interaction Node location.Classified first according to increased angle (Angle Position on drill bit) to the cutting edge on drill bit.Consider there is 3 The drill bit of parameter listed by a cutting edge and table 1.

Table 1

Rock surface is updated as follows during the primary rotation of this drill bit: (1) calculating intersection point and phase of the cutting edge 1 with rock Update rock surface with answering；(2) make bit certain angle (45-0), and be based on RPM and ROP, correspondingly modify drill bit Vertical position；(3) it calculates the intersection point of cutting edge 2 and rock and updates accordingly rock surface；(4) make bit certain angle (270-45), and it is based on RPM and ROP, correspondingly modify drill bit vertical position；(5) intersection point of cutting edge 3 and rock is calculated, And update accordingly rock surface；(6) make bit certain angle (360-270), and be based on RPM and ROP, correspondingly repair Change drill bit vertical position.It repeats this sequence and runs abort standard (for example, quantity of iteration) until meeting.Figure 11 to Figure 14 is shown The progression that rock surface updates.

Axial model is computationally rapidly, because in one or more embodiments, it is only necessary to flat in a 2D Rock surface is tracked on face and calculates cutting edge and the interaction of rock surface on that plane.Drill bit is drilled through at center The case where, this is possible.When cutting edge passes through X-Z plane, it cuts away the top of bored concrete pile so as to rock shown in updating Surface, as shown in figure 15.

In addition, discussing the calculating of the area of cut now as a part that axial model is discussed.In the primary rotation of drill bit In, for given ROP and RPM, the drill bit amount of moving down DZ=ROP/ (5X RPM).ROP is with foot/hour (ft/hr) Unit, and DZ in this equation in inches.If cutting edge is classified and (is discussed referring to previous) with increased angle, Then pass through associated vertical fortune between the cutting edge and next cutting edge by same perpendicular of perpendicular Momentum DZ' simply presses DZ pro rate by the difference DAA in these angle values, as shown in following equation.

DZ '=DZ X DAA/360

Therefore, when each cutting edge (being classified with increased angle) passes through perpendicular, all cutting edges all phases Rock bored concrete pile is moved down up to amount DZ'.Cutting edge allows to calculate cutting edge compared with the overlapping between rock surface The area of cut, then in cutting edge power model use the area of cut.

The edge and chamfering of PDC cutting edge (have in the cutting edge by being initially represented as ellipse when rock " plane " Project to the circle of the non-zero back rake on perpendicular).These ellipses are to be directed to have design back rake and skew angle not Definite (analysis) for wearing cutting edge indicates.Ellipse is broken down into user's defined width (for example, default width=0.003 Inch) vertical bored concrete pile.Rock surface is also broken down into the identical of the position (along X-axis) of matching cutting edge bored concrete pile One group of bored concrete pile, as shown in figure 15.Figure 16 shows this configuration.Figure 16 show the page from observer it is outside there is non-zero The cutting blade surface (and chamfering) of back rake.If cutting edge is allowed to wear, the edge of cutting edge and rock contact be will deviate from It is ideal oval.This deviation applied by the basis of based on by bored concrete pile is by the abrasion that is discussed further below in the disclosure Model determines.Describe the area of cut in Figure 16.Top sticking patch is (projection) area of cut cut in blade surface, and lower part sticking patch is (projection) area of cut in chamfering.It should be noted that these areas depend on rock surface relative to the cutting at specific bored concrete pile The position of sword.Rock surface can only intersect with a part of chamfering without intersecting with the face at bored concrete pile position.To chamfering and face On cutting zone holding independently track because the cutting force of each cutting zone show it is different.This is also discussed later. It is also possible that cutting edge bored concrete pile is completely worn out and no longer exists.

It should be noted that the use of vertical bored concrete pile being because it is a kind of natural selection when predicting that cutting edge is worn.One is cut It cuts sword bored concrete pile and a rock bored concrete pile is uniquely associated.It is selected by this, it can be in some mistake of the lateral leadin of cutting edge Difference.Power model discussed below has the bored concrete pile for being used for considering only to intersect with chamfering and intersects with the chamfering of cutting edge and face Bored concrete pile extensive bookkeeping.

In addition, discussing updated rock surface now as a part that axial model is discussed.By being perfused in cutting edge Cut away rock bored concrete pile at the lowest position of stake to generate new rock surface (after cutting).This is shown by the dotted line in Figure 17. Figure 17 shows the updated rock surface of new cutting edge.If cutting edge is worn, updated rock surface will be bored concrete pile The lowermost end of bored concrete pile when being cut.If bored concrete pile, without cutting, the rock surface at the position will not change.

In addition, discussing cutting edge interaction now as a part that axial model is discussed.In adjacent (radial coordinate In) usually there is overlapping in the radial extension of cutting edge.The shape and magnitude of cutting zone depend on the radial direction of these cutting edges Overlapping and their own angle.Figure 18 shows an example.This example indicates all cuttings on the single blade of PDC drill bit The cutting zone of sword.Cutting zone and power associated with these cutting zones on cutting edge depend on the cutting on drill bit Sword layout and operating parameter (for example, RPM, ROP).After several circles of bit, the magnitude and dimensionally stable of cutting zone are solid Determine the steady state value of ROP and RPM.It should be noted that the image in Figure 18 is substantially " drill bit profile " image generated by axial model.Only For the purpose of drawing, cutting edge and corresponding cutting zone have been rotated back to X-Z plane, and it considers helical angles.It is former Because there is two aspects: (1) making image that will meet the typical project " side view " of drill bit；And the geometry of (2) cutting zone It is plotted in its associated cutting edge.

In addition, discussing effective back rake of cutting edge now as a part that axial model is discussed.Effective back rake is The angle to work in cutting force.Effective back rake is not the design back rake found in drill bit design document.The two is It is associated, but not much else.Effective back rake is the angle of (normal direction in) between local cutting surface and local rock surface. Figure 19 shows the chamfer cutting sword outside from the page.Two bored concrete pile superpositions are on the image.Two big arrow is indicated in bored concrete pile The surface normal of cutting edge chamfering at position.Small arrow is that the surface normal of blade surface is cut at one of bored concrete pile position. Dot indicates the vector outside from the page, and parallel with the local rock surface that cutting edge will be seen that when passing through rock.Have Effect back rake (EBR) is the angle between this vector and arrow.It is obvious that EBR can be depended on, no matter notch is in chamfering Still on the whole all along the position on the cutting edge at the edge of cutting edge.

Figure 20 is the feature of the bottom (in the edge of cutting edge) at bored concrete pile edge.By between bored concrete pile and triangle Contact portion describes the edge of cutting edge.Into the vector arrows in cutting edge be local cutting edge surface (in chamfering or On face) normal.It should be noted that this normal vector is three-dimensional and has there are three component, in each component and right-handed coordinate system Axis it is associated.There is the component outside from the page in normal vector.AngleReferred to as " cut " angle.

The bottom margin of bored concrete pile is rotated to simple two-dimentional (2D) rotation operator in horizontal plane by building.This operator is answered For three-dimensional (3D) normal (red vector depicted in figure 20) perpendicular to local cutting edge surface.If gained rotary process There is component (Nx, Ny, Nz) to vector (being normalized), wherein the previous defined referential of X and Z ") and Y from " picture to Outside, then effective back rake (EBR) and effective skew angle (ESR) are given by:

And

ESR=SIN^-1(N_x)。

These of EBR and ESR expression formula are on the basis of by bored concrete pile for all bored concrete piles intersected with cutting edge It calculates.

In addition, discussing the power on cutting edge now as a part that axial model is discussed.By to across cutting edge Power on independent bored concrete pile is summed to calculate the power on cutting edge.Power on independent bored concrete pile will depend on cutting in chamfering Bevel product, the area of cut on face, effective back rake, rock stratum, confined compressive strength (CCS), drilling depth and mud weight. The details of power model is provided with different sections.Once normal direction (Fn) power and circumferential (Ft) power on bored concrete pile are calculated, they It will be converted back in drill bit referential.Resulting net force on drill bit is the summation of independent cutting edge power, and the cutting edge power is inherently It is the summation of independent bored concrete pile power.Consider to show with the normal direction (Fn) generated by power model, tangential (Ft) and radial (Fr) power Part (bored concrete pile) rock surface Figure 21.Power model is applied on the basis of by bored concrete pile.Fn always normal direction in office Portion's rock surface (orientation regardless of local rock surface relative to the earth).Ft on direction of the normal direction in X-Z plane, and Fr is perpendicular to the plane comprising Fn and Ft.

By this nomenclature, following force component can define.

F_NComponent in XYZ coordinate system

F_NY=0

F_RComponent in XYZ coordinate system

F_RY=0

Component of the Ft in XYZ coordinate system

F_TZ=0

F_TY=F_T

F_TX=0

At this point, all Z components can be simply added together to obtain the weight on cutting edge, all Y-components are added to obtain It is added to peripheral force, and by all X-components to obtain radial force.However, this does not consider helical angle.It please remember, power model position In the referential of local rock surface.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the correction of pitch angle alpha.Power on specific bored concrete pile it is final etc. Formula is provided by following equation.

WGT (vertical force)=(F_NZ+F_RZ)COS(α)+F_TYSIN(α)

SID (side force)=F_NX+F_RX

CIR (peripheral force)=(F_NZ+F_RZ)SIN(α)+F_TY COS(α)

TRQ (torque on bored concrete pile)=R_picCIR (see below to R_picDefinition)

It should be noted that helical angle is calculated for each bored concrete pile, and is provided by following equation:

Wherein ROP is transmission rate (ft/hr), and RPM is drill speed, and R_picIt is the radial position of bored concrete pile (in level Distance in plane from drill axis to bored concrete pile).

These force components on bored concrete pile are shown to graphically in Figure 22.In Figure 22, AA is the angle of cutting edge, and And CIR and SID are defined executed as described above.It should be noted that view overlooks the visual angle of horizontal plane since pommel to tip.? In XYZ referential, and Figure 22 is referred to, the power on bored concrete pile is provided by following equation.

dF_X=CIR SIN (AA)+SID COS (AA)

dF_Y=SID SIN (AA)-CIR COS (AA)

dF_Z=WGT

Total power on cutting edge is the summation of these power of all (N number of) bored concrete piles associated with the cutting edge, It provides as follows:

Wherein N is the quantity of bored concrete pile associated with specific cutting sword.Therefore, the resulting net force on drill bit and torque are drill bits The summation of power and torque on upper all cutting edges.

Next, discussing cutting Force Model.Power on PDC cutting edge is provided by two quadrature components: with local rock table Parallel " tangential " component in face and " normal direction " component perpendicular to local rock surface.It should be noted that estimation such as bit pressure and When the items such as torque-on-bit, it is necessary to which Fn and Ft are changed into drill bit referential.The model is defined by following equation:

F_t=ε A

Wherein:

F_t=the cutting force parallel with local rock surface

F_n=perpendicular to the cutting force of local rock surface

ε=" inherence is than energy "

A=projects the area of cut；And

And the ratio (correlation to be defined) of Ft

Figure 23 and Figure 18 limits the relationship of PDC cutting edge and rock.Figure 23 is the side view of the mobile cutting edge by rock Figure, wherein indicating Fn and Ft.Figure 18 shows a blade of PDC drill bit, and wherein cutting edge is outside from the page.Figure 18 is shown The meaning (hereinafter) of the projection area of cut (applying black area) associated with the rock of removal.

Pass through the essence of identification " inherence than can " and develop one kind on the basis of locality from well logging, drilling depth and Mud weight come characterize its value means, cutting Force Model is expanded into actual form.

Next, ε discusses the inherent than energy aspect of cutting edge power model." inherent than energy " item ε is effective cutting of rock Intensity (or cutting resistance).This active strength will depend on following item: wellbore pressure；Hole depth；Mud weight；Lithology； The cutting edge of drill bit is orientated；Cutting edge geometry (face/chamfering)；And cutting edge interfacial friction factor.Cutting on drill bit Sword orientation provides orientation of the cutting edge relative to formation rock to be cut relative to the orientation of drill bit with formation rock, this is at this Inherence disclosed in text in energy than being considered.Assuming that " inherence is than energy " is equal to the confined compressive strength of rock, modification is in In this limitation further includes the limitation due to caused by cutting edge, mud column and pore pressure effect.Confined compressive strength (CCS) quilt It is considered the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) modified by item associated with confining pressure, and is defined as follows:

Wherein CCS is confined compressive strength (calculating)；UCS is unconfined compressive strength (from well logging)；FA is interior rubs Wipe angle (from well logging)；And CP is confining pressure (calculating from well logging, mud weight and drilling depth).It should be noted that ought not enclose When pressure (CP=0), confined compressive strength (CCS) is equal to unconfined compressive strength (UCS).Confining pressure CP in expression formula will be depended on Hole depth, mud weight and lithology, and be discussed further below.

Inherence is than that can not be equal to CCS, because ε can be used as cutting edge for the Vosges sandstone under atmospheric conditions The function of back rake θ exits, as shown in figure 24.As shown in figure 24, it is evident that the intensity of rock with cutting edge back rake increasing Add and increases.This is associated with additional lateral confinement of the cutting edge to rock.In θ=0, energy ε is compared close to Vosges sandstone in inherence Uniaxial compressive strength.It was therefore concluded that: by quantic, inherence with first approximation than that can be indicated: ε=γ (θ) CCS, wherein the reasonable functional form (referring to fig. 2 4) of γ is considered as: γ (θ)=1+A₂TAN(θ)。A₂It is multiplicative parameter, including institute Multiplicative parameter is stated to allow to be adjusted during the models fitting of laboratory or field data.

Next, discussing the cutting force inclination angle aspect of cutting edge power model.The ratio of Fn and Ft is also and remarkable.Figure 25 shows Power on the cutting edge is acted on out.Cutting edge back rake is provided by θ, and ψ is due to from the clean cut power perpendicular to cutting face Friction caused by inclination angle.According to fig. 25, the ratio may be expressed as:

Wherein clean cut sword power is provided relative to the inclination angle of rock surface by ɑ=θ+Ψ.Therefore, it can carry out with ShiShimonoseki Connection:

Effective back rake θ is a clearly defined parameter.On the other hand, Ψ is less direct.Depending on anticline degree, Rock can face upward along cutting edge " flowing " or below cutting edge downward " flowing ", as shown in Figure 26 A to Figure 26 C. Based on the laboratory experiment to Vosges sandstone, the relationship of ψ and back rake θ are shown in FIG. 27.

It should be noted that in Figure 27 data about θ=45 degree be more or less it is symmetrical, it can be inferred that the following form of ψ:

ψ=TAN^-1[Cμ(90-2θ)/90]

Wherein θ to be as unit of spending, and C μ be can constant related with the interfacial friction factor between cutting edge and rock.It answers Note that C μ can be considered as free parameter, and can be determined by the way that laboratory well data is fitted to model, therefore do not need It is related with some physical mechanism.It should be noted that in following discussion, power model coefficient A₃=C μ.

Next, discussing the confining pressure aspect of cutting Force Model.Confining pressure (CP) model is the key that successful " drilling " simulation One of element.Confining pressure model used in DRILLBIT be based on distinguished according to lithologic log below permeable stratum with not Permeable stratum.

Σ_{It is impermeable}=% shale+% coal+% polyhalite+% sand shale mixture+% anhydrite

Σ_{It is permeable}=% sandstone

Percentage is the score of indicated rock type, and in each depth, the summation of these scores is one.If Stratum be considered as it is impermeable, then the CP of the depth is only according to calculating below from hole depth and mud weight Bottom pressure (BHP): CP (psi)=BHP=0.052x depth (ft) x mud weight (ppg).If stratum is considered as can Infiltration, then confining pressure is above-mentioned to subtract pore pressure: CP (psi)=Δ P, wherein Δ P=0.052x depth (ft) x [mud weight Measure (ppg)-Pp], and Pp=max [8.5, mud weight (ppg) -0.5].(lateral confinement is anti-for the effecive porosity and confining pressure CP on stratum It is used in Compressive Strength calculating) it is calculated according to following:

CP=Δ P, Φ_eff>0.2

CP=BHP, Φ_eff<0.05

CP=Δ P [(Φ_eff-0.05)/0.15]+BHP[(0.2-Φ_eff)/0.15]。

The porosity for being the measured porosity on stratum or being inferred to from log data.It should be noted that above the last one Entry is the interpolation between maximum allowable CP (i.e. BHP) and minimum allowable CP (i.e. Δ P), and this interpolation is based on active porosity Degree.

Next, discussing the mud weight correction factor aspect of cutting Force Model.Mud weight is realized in DRILLBIT Correction factor.Correct explanation to this effect is this and the chip that generates in cutting process by " chip depression effect " It conjugates related.If fluid can not migrate between generated chip and the stratum of generation chip, chip is by fluid column Entire load influence, and stratum is more difficult to drill through.However, if fluid can migrate in crack and balance in chip Stress can then easily remove chip.Since fluid migrates across generated crack in this mechanism, migration will be depended on Mud viscosity (related with mud weight), and will be initially permeable or impermeable unrelated with stratum.Slurry correction The factor is:

η=2.998-0.8876log (mud weight)

Wherein mud weight is provided with pound per gallon (ppg).

Next, discussing the various aspects for realizing cutting edge power model.Power Model Independent it is applied to cutting edge chamfering and cuts Cut blade surface.Depending on operating parameter, all or part of or will be engaged with rock without chamfering bored concrete pile and face bored concrete pile.To this Associated " bookkeeping " be axial drill model integral part.Many well loggings do not provide the specific lithology at certain depth (sandstone, lime stone etc.), but provide the mixing lithology for fractional content.Generally, score at given depth Summation is one.Axial model meets this point in the following manner: (i) will be (by the laboratory or scene to specific lithology Calibration) value distributes to power model coefficient A1, A2, A3, and (ii) according to being associated the score of lithology to this at certain depth A little power model coefficients are weighted.For example, if well logging indicates 25% shale and 75% lime stone in some depth. So, in this depth: A1=0.25X A1 shale+0.75x A1 lime stone；A2=0.25 × A2 shale+0.75 × A2 lime Stone；With A3=0.25X A3 shale+0.75x A3 lime stone.

Next, example is presented using DRILLBIT.Figure 28 to Figure 30 indicates to test in several laboratory drilling simulators When pre- measured weight and measured weight comparison.During each well logging, change measured by defined WOB and record ROP.Calculated by propagating the uncertainty of porosity, angle of friction and UCS in DRILLBIT the upper limit in these charts and Lower limit.In Figure 28, drilling fluid is water, and rock is Carthage lime stone.In Figure 29, drilling fluid is 11 pounds (lb.) (4.990Kg) water-based drilling muds, and rock is Carthage lime stone.In Figure 30, drilling fluid is 16lb. (7.257Kg) Oil-based drilling mud, and rock is Man Kesi shale.Another example is predicted ROP and measured ROP as shown in figure 31 Comparison.Using from this place lithologic log and scene used in the design of practical drill bit and be applied to the drill bit Practical WOB predicts ROP.The legend of this chart is: SHA: the score of shale；SSA: the score of sandstone；LSO: point of lime stone Number；DOL: the score of dolomite；POR: formation porosity；CP: predicted confining pressure；And UCS: unconfined compressive strength.

Figure 32 is the flow chart for the method 320 for predicting the amount of axial movement of drill bit, and the drill bit has for that will bore Hole pierces one or more cutting edges in formation rock.Frame 321 requires to receive the lithology data of formation rock.The requirement of frame 322 Drilling parameter is received, the drilling parameter includes the mud weight and bit depth and drill bit design information for drilling machine, institute State the drilling pipe that operation is connected to drill bit by drilling machine.Frame 323 is required using received lithology data, drilling parameter and drill bit design letter It ceases to calculate the confined compressive strength of formation rock.Frame 324 requires to calculate each of one or more cutting edges into ground The area of cut in layer rock.Frame 325 requires to calculate effective back rake of each of one or more cutting edges.Frame 326 It is required that using effective back rake of the calculated confined compressive strength of formation rock, the area of cut and one or more cutting edges, And by considering that each of one or more cutting edges apply relative to the orientation on the surface of rock to be cut to calculate To the power of each of one or more cutting edges.Frame 327 is required to being applied to each of one or more cutting edges Calculated power sum, to calculate WOB and TOB (torque-on-bit).The above method can be realized by processor.If defined ROP, then method 320, which can be used for calculating, provides the WOB and TOB of defined ROP.Alternatively, it if defining WOB, can count ROP and TOB is calculated to provide defined ROP.If defining WOB, the value of changeable ROP and TOB is to calculate gained WOB simultaneously This value is compared with defined WOB, until reaching acceptable differences or difference value of zero.Method 320 can be required with first group of void Quasi- bored concrete pile represents drill bit, and represents formation rock with second group of virtual bored concrete pile.In one or more embodiments, the One group of bored concrete pile is aligned in drill bit with the interface of formation rock with second group of virtual bored concrete pile.That is, if first group Bored concrete pile extends downwardly and second group of bored concrete pile extends downwardly, then two groups of bored concrete piles will be overlapped.When using bored concrete pile, cutting Area, effective back rake and to be applied to the power of each cutting edge calculated on the basis of by bored concrete pile, and WOB and TOB It is to be calculated by summing to the power on each bored concrete pile.

Next, discussing lateral movement drill model (i.e. SIDECUT).SIDECUT is for calculating the brill for drilling through rock stratum Program/regulation of the lateral migration dL (relative to drilling) of head, the lateral migration drill through depth (dZ) as along drilling Function.Figure 33 is the flow chart for describing the various aspects of SIDECUT regulation.Drill bit can have inclination angle (relative to drilling) and compel Make applied side load of the drill bit against the wall of a borehole.SIDECUT can be used for PDC drill bit, roller cone drill bit and be combined with PDC The hybrid bit of the various aspects of drill bit and roller cone drill bit.Figure 34 describes the various aspects of PDC drill bit with 3-D view.

The regulation allows arbitrary value below: the drill bit transmission rate (ROP) across rock stratum；Drill speed (RPM)；Phase For being applied to the drill bit inclination angle of the drilling side load of drill bit；Bit geometry (gauge pad length, gauge pad recess, gauge The score of the occupied drill bit circumference of pad)；And the confined compressive strength (CCS) of rock stratum.In one or more embodiments, CCS is calculated in DRILLBIT, CCS is supplied to SIDECUT by DRILLBIT.

Gauge pad recess (is defined as gauge pad to be inwardly recessed from the position of the outermost edge of grinding gauge (PDC) trimmer Radial distance) can change relative to the vertical position on gauge pad.This allows taper, staged and other gauge pad geometry Shape.Figure 35 shows these aspects with two-dimensional representation.

SIDECUT, which is used, describes the two dimension (2D) of drill bit and rock stratum.The reason is that calculating speed.However, can be used more The time is calculated to realize complete three-dimensional (3D) model.There are fabulous one between simplified 2D model and more complicated 3D model Cause property.

In Figure 34, the 3D characterization of PDC drill bit shows PDC cutting edge (small cylinder) and gauge pad (rectangular configuration).PDC The set of cutting edge and associated gauge pad is referred to as " blade ".In Figure 35,2D characterization shows single blade and shows guarantor Diameter pad and the PDC cutting edge (" grinding gage trimmers ") below gauge pad.In the case where applied side load, blade It is forced to the right against rock.Chain-dotted line in Figure 35 is the initial rock surface in SIDECUT.Rock simply " is shunk Package " initializes rock surface to drill bit and the region by filling to the right indicates.It should be noted that the gauge pad in Figure 35 From the outer edge of grinding gage trimmers, radially the position (R) is recessed for outer surface.This is referred to as " gauge pad recess ", and is controlling It is of great significance in terms of the directed drilling characteristic of PDC drill bit processed.Vertical (Z) range of gauge pad is referred to as " gauge pad is long Degree ", and the score occupied by gauge pad of drill bit circumference is referred to as " score " in the following discussion.

SIDECUT considers bit geometry and rock abrasion in calculating drilling when the lateral migration of drill bit.Use cunning Dynamic wear model come estimate rock wear.The rock amount of specific location abrasion on the wall of a borehole and the guarantor for passing through the position Total sliding distance of diameter pad and be applied to the position contact stress and rock stratum confined compressive strength it is proportional.Sliding away from It is determined from by drill bit RPM, ROP, gauge pad length and " score ".Contact stress is by applied side load and instantaneous rock-pad Contact area determines.

SIDECUT regulation is discussed in more detail now.

1. initialization.Drill configurations: a series of equidistant (perpendicular from the top of gauge pad to bit point of the drill by constructing Directly) point or node construct 2D drill bit.Distinguish it is associated with gauge pad those put it is associated with same PDC cutting edge those Point.If vertical spacing is specified value DZ.The overall of PDC cutting edge below gauge pad provides the single perpendicular of back rake by having Straight construction indicates.A series of this equidistant node can have arbitrary shape in the space R-Z (referring to Figure 35).Therefore, this is general Property can include taper and staged gauge pad.The method can also allow for 2D drill bit profile, but realization side described herein Formula only assumes that the continuous vertical blade of the representative as PDC cutting structure.

Rock structure: initial rock surface be the clone indicated as initial drill bit it is a series of it is equidistant it is (vertical) put or Node.Rock node location is initially identical with drill bit node location.Rigidity (spring constant) K is distributed into rock.Work as guarantor When diameter pad is pushed into rock, rock determines the restoring force of gauge pad by padding the penetration depth entered in rock, and described Depth is determined by Rock rigidity.For example, the other parameters that Rock rigidity may depend on rock behavio(u)r or be provided by lithologic log. The associated equation of pad-rock contact stress is:

σ=K Δ

Wherein Δ=pad penetration depth (inch), and K=" rigidity " (psi/inch).

2. processing cycle.Processing cycle includes three regulations discussed below: dynamic balance, rock removes and Kong Zengchang. At each vertical position of the drill bit relative to rock, all these three regulations are all applied to this reality with order described below Example.Then it by the drill bit amount of moving DZ (referring to Figure 15) and repeats the process and drills through distance until reaching some regulation.This away from Multiple from usually gauge pad length.

A. by rock to the recovery dynamic balance of drill bit for equal to the side load applied on drill bit.

With reference to Figure 35: (a) laterally moving drill bit；(b) by by the lateral position (R) of drill bit node and rock node into Row compares, and calculates penetration depth of the pad into the penetration depth and PDC cutting edge in rock in rock；(c) according to hereafter power Discussed method in model calculates the power on gauge pad and PDC cutting edge on the basis of node by node；(d) to all nodes Power (pad and cutting edge) is summed, and is compared with obtaining rock to the net restoring force of drill bit, and with defined side load； (e) difference between net restoring force and defined side load is calculated；And it (f) is searched in root and uses this difference in regulation, until Net restoring force (goes to " a ") until being equal to defined side load.

Single pad node be there is presently provided to the active force of gauge pad.Contact force on single pad node are as follows:

F=σ dA

Wherein σ is the pad-rock contact stress as above presented, and dA=2 π R FR DZ/N, wherein R=drill bit radius, FR The score of the occupied drill bit circumference of=pad, the vertical node spacing of DZ=, the quantity of N=drill bit cutter, and dA is single Pad total pad area on vertical distance DZ.

Single rock node be there is presently provided to the power of PDC cutting edge.Rock depends on cutting edge to the restoring force of cutting edge Into the cutting depth in rock.For this example, it is assumed that this power is perpendicular to rock surface.In the chapters and sections about DRILLBIT The PDC cutting edge power model (other cutting edge power models can also be used) being discussed further is given by:

F_N=ζ F_T

F_T=MSE AOC

MSE=γ CCS

γ=1+A₂tan(EBR)

ζ=tan (EBR+ χ)

AOC=Δ dZ

Wherein MSE is mechanical ratio energy, and CCS is confined compressive strength, and AOC is the area of cut, and EBR is effective back rake, Δ It is cutting depth (penetration depth), and A2 and A3 are power model calibration coefficients.

B. it is removed by the rock that gauge pad and PDC cutting edge carry out.

In this stage, rock has balanced the restoring force of drill bit by being applied to the defined side load of drill bit.Pass through mill It damages rock (pad), rock crushing (pad) or rock cutting (PDC cutting edge), drill bit remove rock.It (pads and cuts for representing drill bit Cut sword) all nodes, rock, which removes, to be carried out on the basis of node by node.

It is removed by the rock that pad carries out.On the basis of node by node, on the one group rock node adjacent with padding, check Whether contact stress is more than CCS.If it is (and this is that user is optional) in this way, then it can adjust rock node simply to reflect Displacement.That is, the new position R of rock node is in the position R of corresponding pad node.If contact stress is less than CCS, New rock node R position is determined by skimming wear model.Rock node due to wear the amount δ that is moved on the direction+R by below to Out:

δ=dx cos (TILT)

2 π R RPM Δ t of dL=FR

Wherein: TILT=drill bit inclination angle (inclination angle of the drill bit relative to axially bored line, radian), dL=is in a depth step The sliding distance of the pad on rock node, the score of the occupied drill bit circumference of FR=pad, RPM=revolving speed, ROP=are given in dZ Transmission rate (ft/hr), R=drill bit radius (in), CCS=confined compressive strength (psi), connecing at σ=rock node location It touching stress (referring to above) (psi), Δ t=drill bit drills through the duration (min) of distance dZ, dZ=depth step (=defined perpendicular Straight node spacing) (in), and XK, XN, XB are wear model coefficient (through laboratory investment).The Z coordinate of rock node does not become Change.If shall yet further be noted that pad node not in contact with its adjacent rock node, rock node location is remained unchanged.

It is removed by the rock that cutting edge carries out.The Z coordinate of rock node does not change, but " new " of rock node R Set the external position of only cutting edge.That is, the lateral position of " cutting edge " node on drill bit must be than adjacent Rock node is bigger (bigger R coordinate)., if it is not, cutting less than anything, and rock node remains unchanged.

C. drilling increases.

The last part of calculating is to increase drilling up to amount dZ.This is only across all rock nodes and according to previous area Section carries out at the end of removing rock.It recalls, dZ is the vertical node spacing of defined of both drill bit and rock.Therefore, one Denier removes rock according to previous section, will add single rock node.If there is N number of rock node at this time:

R (N+1)=R (N)+dZ tan (TILT)

Z (N+1)=Z (N)-dZ

It should be noted that R (N) above has been contemplated that rock described in previous section removes.It shall yet further be noted that Z coordinate is Forward.This is why reason "-dZ " in new rock node in a vertical position.

It is unpractical to move down drill bit up to future time step-length, simply adjust the index of rock.As reality , the penetration depth Δ of the pad at rock node k is:

Δ (k)=PAD_R(j)-ROCK_R(k), k=j+ISHIFT

Wherein the depth of rock node is Z=(j+ISHIFT-1) × dZ.As ISHIFT=0, the top of pad and rock Top alignment.J is one initially set simply across the index of filling node.This technology and this be static 2D model Rather than the fact that dynamic 3D model, it is SIDECUT the reason of quickly being run on computer processing system.

3. post analysis.At this point, obtaining the lateral displacement L as the function for drilling through depth Z of drill bit.Straight line fitting is arrived this For data to obtain slope dL/dZ, this slope is the measurement for the lateral invasion of the drill bit for simulating defined condition.This Straight line fitting regulation is automatic in SIDECUT.

Figure 35 shows the rock and bit geometry for drilling through the SIDECUT simulation midway of drilling.Figure 36 shows Figure 35 institute The chart that the axial depth for the simulation shown cuts lateral lateral incision.Figure 37 is shown to be carried in the defined side with 800lb (362.9Kg) The result of dynamic balance during the SIDECUT simulation of lotus at each depth step.Figure 37 shows gauge pad contact area to brill The sensibility of head RPM and gauge pad length.Figure 38 shows the measured experiment of SIDECUT prediction result Yu Bedford lime stone The various aspects of the comparison of room side load drilling experiment.

Figure 39 is to predict lateral displacement for the variation of axial displacement using the drill bit drilled through in formation rock The flow chart of the method 390 of variation.Frame 391 require construction drill bit and formation rock virtual representation, drill bit include gauge pad and Cutting edge, the gauge pad are configured to remove rock, the cutting by the abrasion during moving contact or rock crushing Sword is configured to cut in rock during moving contact.Frame 392 requires to adjust lateral penetration depth, until rock reaction force Until equal to the side force for being applied to drill bit, in order to provide the lateral displacement of drill bit, to provide adjusted lateral penetration depth.Frame 393 require by formation rock remove to pad and cutting edge contacted at adjusted lateral penetration depth formation rock position and At the selected axial displacement of drill bit.Frame 394 requires drill bit edge drilling through the end that direction is moved to currently drilled through drilling.Frame 395 require to be iterated to predict side with the variation of the axial displacement of drill bit the adjustment, the removal and the movement To the variation of displacement.Method 390 may also include the first group node of the expression used as drill bit, and the expression as rock stratum The second group node.Method 390 may also include the axial direction set selected axial displacement on axial direction between two nodes Distance.Method 390 may also include initialization node, so that the node of the boundary of drill bit is Chong Die with rock stratum.

Next, discussing the improvement of DDAS, the improvement includes for considering during directed drilling is applied and predicting to bore Head and the bit walk of BHA system and/or the additional model of pit shaft spiral.Referred to herein as " constant bit walk model " Contact force rotary constant angle by being changed contact force (that is, applied side load) by one embodiment, to supplement The drill string steering model of DDAS.Referred to herein as the another embodiment of " torsional friction bit walk model " is by considering When calculating net contact force (that is, applied side load) in each calculating of processing cycle between the component of drill string and the wall of pit shaft Torsional friction power supplements the drill string steering model of DDAS.

In constant bit walk model, usage history laboratory well data determines the reality of specific bottomhole component Border travelling behavior.For example, historical data can be shown that, specific BHA will move about 12 ° to the left.Using this historical information, DDAS's The rotatable identical or substantially the same degree (for example, 12 °) of contact force (that is, applied side load) in drill string steering model, To consider the bit walk in simulation calculating.In other words, the direction of contact force can be for example from the view for overlooking drilling on drill bit Angle is rotated in the counterclockwise direction to consider left-hand bit walk.Constant angle can be the characteristic of subsurface formations based on a specified And/or based on the test to the bit walk characteristic in specific bit.It in some embodiments, can be by with empirical equation meter Constant angle is calculated to obtain constant angle.In other embodiments, constant angle can be obtained from the table with given value, described Given value such as strata drilling and/or bit walk characteristic.Alternatively, can by using be equal to drill bit at contact force with rub The value of the angle between power is wiped to obtain constant angle.

In torsional friction bit walk model, have used in BHA finite element program/regulation " dynamic balance " component It may include the torsional friction power calculated between the component (for example, gauge pad) and the wall of pit shaft of drill string that finite element analysis (FEA), which calculates, This modifies direction and the magnitude of net contact force (that is, applied side load) in each calculating of processing cycle.It can be used following Formula calculates torsional friction power:

F_f=F_n*FricCoefficient,

Wherein F_fIndicate torsional friction power, F_nIndicate normal direction contact force, and FricCoefficient indicates coefficient of friction.

In some embodiments, independent coefficient of friction can be distributed to one or more separate parts of BHA.In addition, Displacement in calculating on the angular displacement (that is, inclination angle) that can also influence such as drill bit the considerations of torsional friction power, this can be further Bit walk is influenced, it is as follows to be described in further detail about Figure 45.

Figure 40 is the process flow diagram of DDAS method 400 comprising for considering and predicting bit walk and/or pit shaft spiral shell The additional model (that is, constant bit walk model and torsional friction bit walk model) of rotation.As described in above for Fig. 4, BHA model can move drill model in the axial direction at 402 and lateral movement drill model provides power, drill bit inclination angle, torque and curvature Information.BHA model can also to turn to computer model (that is, drill string steering model or steer arithmetic) provide hole in hole curvature and BHA alignment.In addition, BHA model can operate in the drilling depth domain in DDAS.At 404, BHA model can calculate BHA contact Power (F_n) and/or drill bit angular displacement, including inclination angle.Consider in SIDECUT regulation drill bit (relative to drilling) inclination angle and Force drill bit against both applied side loads of the wall of a borehole.It, can be by the way that friction force value be either individually or collectively applied at 406 One or more components (for example, gauge pad, rib, transfer etc.) of BHA are added to calculate BHA frictional force (F_f).408 Then place, BHA model can be used the FEA with error reduction iteration in each iteration of DDAS by calculated frictional force application In BHA, and the end value of angular displacement, contact force and/or frictional force can be calculated.By this method, the wall of a borehole and drill bit can be calculated And/or torsional friction power between BHA and it is applied to prediction BUR and swimming speed.

At 414, it is axially moved drill model and can be used and join from formation lithology data (shown in 412) and rig operations The input of number (shown in 410).As mentioned above, rock strength and ROP can be calculated by being axially moved drill model, then can be by this A little calculate gives lateral movement drill model.At 416, lateral movement drill model be can be used from axial movement drill model Rock strength and ROP data and such as drill bit side force and drill bit inclination angle supplied by BHA model data, so as to for example The ratio of lateral ROP and axial direction ROP are calculated, or alternatively, for certain depth or special time period, calculates the lateral of drill bit The ratio of displacement and axial displacement, as being more fully described above with reference to Fig. 4.

At 418, turning to computer model may include front steering angle model, or optionally, rear steering angle model, as above What text was explained in greater detail with reference to Fig. 5 A to Fig. 8.In order to consider and predict bit walk and/or pit shaft spiral, in some implementations In scheme, the travelling angle of the contact force rotary constant at drill bit can be made by turning to computer model.Alternatively or additionally, turn Lateral movement drill model lateral incision result can be applied by the direction of the rotating contact power along drill bit to computer model to examine Consider frictional force.At 420, turn to computer model then can be used more new model calculate the end of new bore section to be created The inclination angle and azimuth at end.At 422, new bore section can be created based on inclination angle calculated and azimuth.424 Place, drill string (that is, BHA and drill bit) then can be moved down into the bottom of new drilling section, and when next iteration starts (shown in 426) can call three models again (BHA model is axially moved drill model and lateral movement drill model).Cause This, until circulation is continued until that simulation stops.In other words, drilling analogy method runs BHA model first, then by its result It is fed to axial movement and lateral movement drill model, the model may be incorporated into DDAS method.Then DDAS method is predicted under The position of one bore section and geometry.As mentioned above, it should be appreciated that the alternative or sequence of moving model can be used. However, turn to computer model all can include by other model information provisions, other described models regardless of process or order Constant bit walk model and torsional friction bit walk model, and can want to drill through along drill bit/BHA system counts as turned to Place new simulation bore section in calculation machine model direction calculated.It should be understood that primary condition and behavior over and drill bit and/or Power on BHA will affect the future behaviour of bit course.

Furthermore turn to computer model can be used model for considering and predicting bit walk and/or pit shaft spiral or Any combination of model.For example, constant bit walk model and torsional friction bit walk model can be applied alone or in combination. In some embodiments, original DDAS method (that is, not considering bit walk and/or pit shaft spiral) can be along the contact at drill bit Power (F_n) direction using the lateral incision of lateral movement drill model as a result, considering angular displacement simultaneously.Alternatively, torsional friction power (F_f) it can be applied to BHA model, to supplement original DDAS method.In other embodiments, user can input constant angle So that the travelling angle of the contact force rotation prediction at drill bit.In other embodiment, computer program is using for example Empirical equation or formation characteristics and/or the table of the given value with drill bit configuration calculate travelling angle.Alternatively, it moves about Angle can be automatically updated in computer program according to institute's defined function of certain parameters of BHA.For example, gauge pad is long Degree, the lateral force on drill bit, coefficient of friction, ROP, RMP etc. can decompose in equation alone or in combination, for calculating drill bit Travelling angle.It in other embodiments, can be by assuming that travelling angle be equal to the angle at drill bit between contact force and frictional force Degree is to calculate travelling angle.It should be understood that any kind of user's input or the value calculated can be used to adjust the angle of contact force.

Figure 41 is the simplification figure of the underground view 500 of drilling 2 shown in FIG. 1.Describe being followed by drill bit 7 of looking down the well The end-view of drilling pipe 5.As shown, drill bit 7 is tilted along any direction due to the lateral contact force 504 along any direction.In perseverance Determine in bit walk model, the lateral contact force 504 for calculating and using in BHA finite element program/regulation of DDAS can be Rotating contact power 506 is rotated to constant angle θ in each iteration of processing cycle.It can be based on the reality of practical bit walk angle The value that room or field data select constant angle θ by rule of thumb is tested, so that the result of simulation is set with identical or substantially similar BHA The historical data of meter is consistent.In the embodiment of Figure 41, rotating contact power 506 is shown as along the inverse of lateral contact force 504 Clockwise rotation.In constant bit walk model, rotationally-varying can be of lateral contact force 504 carries out only DDAS One programming variation.It as example rather than limits, constant angle θ can be between about 10 ° and about 20 °, and more specifically, about Between 12 ° and about 15 °.As a non-restrictive illustrative embodiment, constant angle θ can be about 12 °.

Figure 42 A to Figure 42 K includes to show to swim using the system of the entire BHA system of the constant bit walk model in DDAS A series of charts of dynamic result.Show with can Baker Hughes Inc from Texas Houston city it is commercially available A_UTOT_RAK ^TMThe result of eXact rotary steering system (RSS) left-handed bit walk (negative turning rate) when constructing.In some realities It applies in scheme, DDAS can be programmed with 12 ° of constant bit walk angles.Various results are shown to measured depth (MD). Figure 42 A, which shows inclination angle and shows azimuth to MD, Figure 42 B and MD, Figure 42 C are shown build angle rate (BUR) and shown to MD, Figure 42 D, to be turned Curved rate shows dog-leg severity (DLS) to MD to MD, Figure 42 E, and Figure 42 F shows the first contact force to MD.Each seed ginseng is shown Several couples of MD.Figure 42 G, which shows transmission rate (ROP) and shows drill speed (RPM) to MD, Figure 42 H, shows bit pressure to MD, Figure 42 I (WOB) rib power is shown to MD to MD, Figure 42 J, and Figure 42 K shows rib orientation to MD.By examining, the results showed that, including perseverance It is consistent to determine the behavior observed in the behavior and laboratory test of the DDAS method prediction of bit walk model.

Figure 43 A to Figure 43 K includes to show to swim using the system of the entire BHA system of the constant bit walk model in DDAS A series of charts of the result of dynamic rate.It shows with A_UTOT_RAK ^TMDextrorotation bit walk (positive turning when eXact RSS declines Rate) result.In some embodiments, DDAS also can be used 12 ° of constant bit walks to be programmed.Various results pair are shown MD.Figure 43 A, which shows inclination angle and shows azimuth to MD, Figure 43 B and show BUR to MD, Figure 43 C, shows turning rate pair to MD, Figure 43 D MD, Figure 43 E show DLS to MD, and Figure 43 F shows the first contact force to MD.Various parameters are shown to MD.Figure 43 G shows ROP To MD, Figure 43 H, which shows RPM and shows WOB to MD, Figure 43 I, shows rib power to MD to MD, Figure 43 J, and Figure 43 K shows rib orientation To MD.By examining, the results showed that, in the behavior and laboratory test of the DDAS method prediction including constant bit walk model The behavior observed is consistent.

Figure 44 A is the simplification figure of the top view of pit shaft spiral 600, and Figure 44 B is the side view of the pit shaft spiral 600 of Figure 44 A The simplification figure of figure.Spiral (that is, spiral shape) hole is phenomenon well known in the industry, and can be by each fathoming 604 Lateral distance 602 (side mobile) measure, as shown in Figure 44 B.Right hand helix 606 is shown in Figure 44 B.Although drill bit is main Show as moving about to the left since drilling pipe rotates in a clockwise direction, it has been observed that pit shaft spiral shape performance left hand thread and Both right-handed threads.Details about pit shaft spiral can be in F.E.Dupriest of Petroleum Engineer association et al. 2010 " the BoreholeQuality Design and Practices to Maximize Drill Rate that year delivers It is found in Performance ", the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Although there are pit shaft spirals in many drillings, due to negative effect and complexity (such as inappropriate casing cloth Office), it will usually avoid pit shaft spiral.Usually pit shaft spiral can be detected from pit shaft well logging.In the past, prediction is had attempted to simultaneously Pit shaft spiral is corrected, this becomes apparent from horizontal leg and in lateral corrasion system.In addition to predicting bit walk, using constant Bit walk model predicts pit shaft spiral.In one embodiment, 12 ° of corrections can be realized in constant bit walk model The factor.In this embodiment, in addition to drill bit trip is dynamic row, modeling can be used also to predict pit shaft spiral behavior.It is testing In room, when setting 0% for rib power, in A_UTOT_RAK ^TMSpiral row is observed in lateral simulation in the case where eXact RSS For.It is mainly observed right-handed thread spiral pit shaft.Once passing through modeling and forecasting to spiral behavior, so that it may using result to consider Predictive behavior simultaneously takes corrective action.For example, less there is the drill bit of the relatively long size of invasion may tend on lateral Help to reduce pit shaft spiral.

As previously mentioned, it in torsional friction bit walk model, is counted used in " dynamic balance " component of BHA model Calculation may include the calculating of the torsional friction power between the component of drill string and the wall of pit shaft, each calculating of this modification in processing cycle In net contact force (that is, applied side load) direction and magnitude.For example, can be used including Texas Houston city The dynamic modeling software of BHASYS, BHASYS PRO of Baker Hughes Inc and BHASYS Td software come calculate the component of BHA with Torsional friction power between pit shaft.In addition, torsional friction bit walk model can be used also to predict pit shaft spiral, it can be used As a result it is based on considering predicted spiral behavior taking corrective action.

Figure 45 is the simplification transverse sectional view 700 of the BHA in pit shaft, and shows the force vector for acting on BHA.In Figure 45 In, drilling pipe 5 and drill bit 7 are arranged in the horizontal leg of drilling 2.Longitudinal axis 702 indicates the drilling 2 before being building up to horizontal leg Vertical leg.Normal direction force vector 704 indicate the direction of the normal direction contact force in DDAS software on drill bit 7 calculated previous and Magnitude.In torsional friction bit walk model, calculate torsional friction force vector 706 and by it with normal direction force vector 704 together Summation, to obtain the resultant vector 708 with the direction different from normal direction force vector 704 and magnitude.Torsional friction force vector Direction and magnitude of 706 expressions with 2 frictional force tangent and perpendicular to normal direction contact force of drilling, and indicate the component in BHA The existing frictional force between the wall of drilling 2.In the building scene of performance left-hand bit walk, drill bit 7 can roll to the left, this It is illustrated as normal direction force vector 704 in Figure 45 from vertical displacement.By torsional friction force vector 706 indicate by bit institute The torsional friction power of cause may also lead to drill bit 7 and further shift without being aligned with longitudinal axis 702.In an embodiment In, normal direction force vector 704 and torsional friction force vector 706 can be added, as often done in vector addition.708 table of resultant vector Show combining ability, and can be used in the torsional friction bit walk model of DDAS software, it has been found that the model is accurately predicted And consider bit walk and/or pit shaft spiral.In some embodiments, tangential friction force is calculated using coefficient of friction.Most Afterwards, drill bit 7 is also possible to show to tilt due to power, this can then increase additional displacement power.In drilling well, and more specifically In directed drilling, it is well known in the art that when be applied to the power of lateral side of drill bit 7 it is bigger when, 7 side of drill bit to The speed that ground drills through is faster.

Figure 46 includes a series of charts, illustrates the knot of the bit walk using the torsional friction bit walk model in DDAS Fruit.Result when executing 90 ° of turnings along lateral with RSS along the left-handed bit walk for constructing direction is shown.In figures 4-6 can Various results are shown to MD, including hole inclination angle to MD, azimuth to MD, BUR to MD and turning rate to MD.It can provide and build Mould is compared the coefficient of friction in building scene and decline scene with swimming speed.For example, model may include turning 90 ° and when 270 ° of ribs orientation swimming speed result.Alternatively, when model may include 0 ° and 180 ° rib orientations of building and decline The result of swimming speed.For example, as a result can be shown that, when leftward or rightward turning, for specific BHA, slight building is Naturally.Particularly, the result of this scene can show 1.5 ° of buildings of left-hand bend or right-hand bend, this may be due to gravity impact The lateral side of drill bit 7 and/or due to along building direction inclination.Once by the introducing system that rubs, for example, 90 ° of right-hand bend BHA can It moves about to the left when being pushed, to generate bigger building.Alternatively, 270 ° of left-hand bend BHA can " slightly to the right " move about, So as to cause less building, and the travelling of " real " left-hand can be finally shown under for example, about 0.25 coefficient of friction.

In the simulation for generating the data in chart shown in Figure 46,0,0.1,0.25 and 0.4 friction system is used Number is calculated, this show that calculated swimming speed is 1.6 °/100ft. (1.6 °/30.48m), 1.9 °/100ft. respectively (1.9 °/30.48m), 2.2 °/100ft. (2.2 °/30.48m) and 2.6 °/100ft. (2.6 °/30.48m).In an example In, about 0.3 coefficient of friction leads to AUTOT_RAK ^TMDrill bit power travelling angle on eXact RSS is about 15 degree, this and experiment Room test is consistent.

Once carrying out the prediction to bit walk and pit shaft spiral using modeling disclosed herein and analogue technique, so that it may Pit shaft planning, BHA configuration, tool component etc. are adjusted and/or are modified, to ensure that the result of drilling process matches pit shaft Planning.It is modified for example, drilling well service company can be used DDAS as disclosed herein to advise to drilling operator BHA, drill bit, drilling parameter or the design of pit shaft planning are to improve directed drilling process.For example, selection or adjusting parameter may include Adjust bit pressure, the torque of drill string for being applied to BHA, the revolving speed of drill string, transmission rate or drilling fluid flow rate.In addition, as non-limit Property example processed, the lateral invasion for adjusting drill bit may include adjusting specification, blade configuration, the gauge pad length, gauge pad of drill bit Cutting element layout on position or drill bit.It can be in the drilling well phase carried out with the rotary steering drilling system for being connected to BHA Between adjust bit course, the BHA can be configured to for example, at least be based in part on the calculated result from BHA model to adjust Bit course.It should be understood that receiving the parameter for operating BHA may include the drilling parameter received specific to BHA, and receive rock Property data may include the lithology data received specific to the restriction target in subsurface formations.Drilling parameter and lithology data can bore It is received in real time before well and/or during drill-well operation.In addition, can be before drilling well and/or during drill-well operation in real time Ground is planned pit shaft and BHA system is adjusted and/or modifies.

The other non-restrictive illustrative embodiment of the disclosure is described below.

Embodiment 1: a method of bit course in control subsurface formations, which comprises receive for operating The drilling parameter of specific bottomhole component (BHA)；It include the BHA and the subsurface formations using computer processor construction Computer model directional drilling simulator；Using the computer processor, using at least one formation parameter and at least One drilling parameter calculates the axial movement and lateral movement of the drill bit for the bottom end for being connected to the BHA；Utilize the calculating Machine processor considers and calculates the brill in the BHA and the subsurface formations by using the computer model of the BHA Contact force and frictional force between the wall in hole predict the bit walk of the drill bit；It is wanted using computer processor determination Consider the adjusted bit course of predicted bit walk；Determination is described adjusted substantially to follow for operating the BHA The adjusted drilling parameter of bit course；And the BHA is operated according to the adjusted drilling parameter.

Embodiment 2: according to method described in embodiment 1, further include: by using the calculating of the BHA Machine model considers and calculates the contact force and the frictional force to predict pit shaft spiral.

Embodiment 3: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein construction includes the described of the BHA computer model Directional drilling simulator includes: the threedimensional model for constructing the BHA and the subsurface formations；The BHA computer model is matched The dynamic model being set in Depth Domain；The BHA computer model is configured to use in each step of finite element analysis Error reduces iteration and is based at least partially on the predicted bit walk of the drill bit to predict build angle rate；And by the BHA Computer model is configured to operate in realtime during drill-well operation.

Embodiment 4: according to method described in embodiment 1, in which: calculate the axial movement and the institute of the drill bit Stating lateral movement includes the computer mould being based at least partially on using with the lateral movement drill model and the BHA The separated axial movement drill model of type calculates the axial movement of the drill bit, uses lateral movement drill model；And And determine that the adjusted bit course includes use and the lateral movement drill model and the axial movement drill model Separated steering computer model, wherein the computer model that turns to is configured to using by predicting that the BHA's is described The result from the lateral movement drill model that computer model is adjusted.

Embodiment 5: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein determining the adjusted bit course further include: meter Calculate the new inclination angle and new azimuth of the drill bit；Increase the drilling in the subsurface formations by certain distance；It will be described Drill bit edge drills through one end that direction is moved to the drilling；And the calculating, the increase and the movement are iterated To update the computer model of the BHA.

Embodiment 6: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein by considering and calculating the BHA and the drilling The wall between the contact force and the frictional force come the bit walk of predicting the drill bit further include considering institute State the angular displacement of drill bit.

Embodiment 7: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein by considering and calculating the BHA and the drilling The wall between the contact force and the frictional force come the bit walk of predicting the drill bit further include calculating institute State the torsional friction power between at least one component of BHA and the wall of the drilling.

Embodiment 8: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein determining that the adjusted bit course is included in institute It states the calculating for applying the lateral movement to the drill bit on the direction of contact force and makes the contact on the drill bit The direction rotary constant angle of power.

Embodiment 9: according to method described in embodiment 8, wherein making the described of the contact force on the drill bit Direction rotary constant angle further includes that the constant angle is obtained by least one of following: being counted using empirical equation It calculates the constant angle, obtain the constant angle from the table with given value, or is described at the drill bit using being equal to The value of angle between contact force and the frictional force.

Embodiment 10: according to method described in embodiment 8, wherein making the described of the contact force on the drill bit Direction rotary constant angle includes making the direction of the contact force on the drill bit from the visual angle edge for overlooking the drilling Rotate counterclockwise about 12 °.

Embodiment 11: according to method described in embodiment 1, wherein determining for operating the described through adjusting of the BHA Whole drilling parameter includes: the specification by adjusting the drill bit, blade configuration, gauge pad length, gauge pad position or the brill At least one of cutting element layout on head adjusts the lateral invasion of the drill bit；Adjustment bit pressure, be applied to it is described At least one of the torque of the drill string of BHA, the revolving speed of the drill string, transmission rate or drilling fluid flow rate；And in the drilling well phase Between utilization be operably connected to the rotary steering drilling system of the BHA to adjust the bit course.

Embodiment 12: a method of pit shaft is planned and drilled through in subsurface formations comprising: in specified underground Target is limited in layer；The bit walk of prediction pit shaft spiral and the drill bit for being connected to specific bottomhole component (BHA), comprising: Using the computer processor for being programmed to perform directional drilling simulator, the directional drilling simulator include the BHA and The computer model of the specified subsurface formations；It is received using the computer processor in the specified underground The lithology data and drilling parameter of the BHA are operated in stratum；Using the computer processor, lateral movement drill bit meter is used Calculation machine model and drill bit computer model is axially moved to calculate the ratio of lateral movement and axial movement；At the computer Device is managed, is considered by using the computer model of the BHA and calculates lateral contact force, angular displacement and frictional force to predict Bit course；And the computer model from the BHA is based at least partially on using the computer processor Prediction result adjusts the bit course；Adjustment is for operating the BHA substantially to follow the adjusted bit course The drilling parameter；And the adjusted bit course is based at least partially on to bore in the specified subsurface formations Take the pit shaft.

Embodiment 13: according to method described in embodiment 12, further include: using from being connected to during drilling well The information that at least one sensor of BHA receives is stated to update the drilling parameter.

Embodiment 14: according to method described in embodiment 12, wherein predicting that the bit course includes described in calculating Frictional force between at least one component and the wall of a borehole of BHA and the frictional force is added with the contact force.

Embodiment 15: according to method described in embodiment 12, wherein adjusting the bit course includes making the brill The direction rotary constant angle of lateral contact force on head, wherein the constant angle be the characteristic based on the subsurface formations simultaneously And based on the test to the bit walk characteristic in specific bit.

Embodiment 16: according to method described in embodiment 12, wherein adjusting the drilling well for operating the BHA Parameter further include: be based at least partially on the prediction result to the bit walk of the pit shaft spiral and the drill bit to select Select the component of the BHA；Adjust bit pressure, the torque of drill string for being applied to the BHA, the revolving speed of the drill string, transmission rate or At least one of drilling fluid flow rate；And the specification by adjusting the drill bit, blade configuration, gauge pad length, gauge pad At least one of cutting element layout on position or the drill bit adjusts the lateral invasion of the drill bit.

Embodiment 17: according to method described in embodiment 12, wherein adjusting the drilling well for operating the BHA Parameter includes that the drilling parameter is adjusted using rotary steering drilling system.

Embodiment 18: a method of the bit course in control subsurface formations, which comprises receive specifically The lithology data on lower stratum；Receive one or more drilling parameters for operating bottomhole component (BHA), it is one or Multiple drilling parameters include bit pressure, torque, revolving speed, transmission rate, drilling fluid flow rate or drill bit it is lateral invasion at least One；Predict the bit walk of pit shaft spiral and the drill bit of the BHA, comprising: using computer processor construction including described The directional drilling simulator of the dynamic computer check model of BHA and the subsurface formations；Using the computer processor, by making The direction rotary constant angle of normal direction contact force on the drill bit considers the brill of the pit shaft spiral and the drill bit Head travelling；Using the computer processor, by each iteration of finite element analysis, in the dynamic of the BHA Torsional friction power and the normal direction contact force phase Calais are calculated into the combining ability on the BHA in computer model；Using described Computer processor is based at least partially on the combining ability on the calculating BHA to predict the bit course；And benefit The prediction result to the bit course is based at least partially on the computer processor to adjust the bit course；With And the prediction result to the bit walk of the pit shaft spiral and the drill bit is based at least partially on to adjust described one A or multiple drilling parameters.

Embodiment 19: according to method described in embodiment 18, wherein the combining ability calculated on the BHA includes The torsional friction power: F is calculated using following formula_f=F_n* FricCoefficient, wherein F_fIndicate the torsional friction Power, F_nIndicate the normal direction contact force, and FricCoefficient indicates coefficient of friction；And it wherein will can individually rub Coefficient distributes to one or more separate parts of the BHA.

Embodiment 20: according to method described in embodiment 18, wherein adjusting the bit course includes: that utilization can grasp The rotary steering drilling system of the BHA is connected to adjust the bit course, the rotary steering drilling system with making System is configured to be based at least partially on the calculated result of the dynamic computer check model from the BHA to adjust the brill Head rail mark.

Although foregoing description includes many details, these ranges that should not be construed as limiting the invention, but only manages Solution is to provide certain exemplary implementation schemes.Similarly, it can be designed the of the invention of the spirit or scope for not departing from the disclosure Other embodiments.For example, can also be in other implementations described herein herein with reference to feature described in an embodiment It is provided in scheme.Therefore, the scope of the present invention only by appended claims and its legal equivalents rather than by foregoing description Lai Instruction and limitation.Belong to all additions, deletion and the modification of the disclosed embodiment in the connotation and range of claims Covered by the disclosure.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of method of the bit course in control subsurface formations, which comprises

Receive the drilling parameter for operating specific bottomhole component (BHA)；

It is simulated using the directional drilling that computer processor constructs the computer model including the BHA and the subsurface formations Device；

Using the computer processor, institute is connected to calculate using at least one formation parameter and at least one drilling parameter State the axial movement and lateral movement of the drill bit of the bottom end of BHA；

Using the computer processor, is considered by using the computer model of the BHA and calculate the BHA and institute Contact force and frictional force between the wall of the drilling in subsurface formations are stated to predict the bit walk of the drill bit；

The adjusted bit course of predicted bit walk is considered using the computer processor determination；

Determine the adjusted drilling parameter that the adjusted bit course is substantially followed for operating the BHA；And

The BHA is operated according to the adjusted drilling parameter.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, its further include: by using the BHA the computer model consider simultaneously The contact force and the frictional force are calculated to predict pit shaft spiral.

3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein receiving drilling parameter further includes receiving in specified underground The lithology data of the specific BHA is operated in layer.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein operating the BHA according to the adjusted drilling parameter includes at least It is based in part on the adjusted bit course and drills through pit shaft in the specified subsurface formations.

5. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein construction includes the directional drilling of the BHA computer model Simulator includes:

Construct the threedimensional model of the BHA and the subsurface formations；

The BHA computer model is configured to the dynamic model in Depth Domain；

It configures the BHA computer model in each step of finite element analysis to reduce iteration at least partly using error Ground build angle rate is predicted based on the predicted bit walk of the drill bit；And

The BHA computer model is configured to operate in realtime during drill-well operation.

6. method according to claim 1 or 2, in which:

Calculate the drill bit the axial movement and the lateral movement include be based at least partially on use with it is described laterally The separated institute for being axially moved the drill bit that drill model calculates of the computer model of movement drill model and the BHA Axial movement is stated, lateral movement drill model is used；And

Determine that the adjusted bit course includes use and the lateral movement drill model and the axial movement drill bit mould The separated steering computer model of type, wherein the computer model that turns to is configured to using the meter by the BHA The result from the lateral movement drill model of the prediction result adjustment of calculation machine model.

7. according to the method described in claim 6, wherein calculate the drill bit the axial movement and the lateral movement packet It includes using the lateral movement drill bit computer model and the axial movement drill bit computer model and calculates the lateral fortune The ratio of the dynamic and described axial movement.

8. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein passing through the wall for considering and calculating the BHA Yu the drilling Between the contact force and the frictional force come the bit walk for predicting the drill bit further include considering the drill bit Angular displacement.

9. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein predicting that the bit walk of the drill bit includes described in calculating The frictional force between at least one component and the wall of a borehole of BHA and the frictional force is added with the contact force.

10. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein passing through the wall for considering and calculating the BHA Yu the drilling Between the contact force and the frictional force come the bit walk for predicting the drill bit further include calculating the BHA extremely Torsional friction power between a few component and the wall of the drilling.

11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein by considering and calculating the contact force and the frictional force come pre- The bit walk for surveying the drill bit further includes that the torsional friction power is calculated using following formula:

F_f=F_n*FricCoefficient,

Wherein F_fIndicate the torsional friction power, F_nIndicate normal direction contact force, and FricCoefficient indicates coefficient of friction； And

Independent coefficient of friction can wherein be distributed to one or more separate parts of the BHA.

12. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein determining the adjusted bit course further include:

Calculate the new inclination angle and new azimuth of the drill bit；

Increase the drilling in the subsurface formations by certain distance；

The drill bit edge is drilled through into one end that direction is moved to the drilling；And

The calculating, the increase and the movement are iterated to update the computer model of the BHA.

13. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein determining that the adjusted bit course is included in the contact force Direction on using the calculated result to the lateral movement of the drill bit and make the contact force on the drill bit Direction rotary constant angle.

14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the direction of the contact force on the drill bit is made to rotate perseverance Determining angle further includes that the constant angle is obtained by least one of following: being calculated using empirical equation described constant Angle obtains the constant angle from the table with given value or using the contact force and institute being equal to from the drill bit State the value of the angle between frictional force.

15. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the direction of the contact force on the drill bit is made to rotate perseverance Determining angle includes making the direction of the contact force on the drill bit from overlooking the visual angle of the drilling in the counterclockwise direction About 12 ° of rotation.

16. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein determining the adjusted drilling parameter for operating the BHA Include:

By adjusting the cutting member on the specification of the drill bit, blade configuration, gauge pad length, gauge pad position or the drill bit At least one of part layout adjusts the lateral invasion of the drill bit；

It adjusts in bit pressure, the torque of drill string for being applied to the BHA, the revolving speed of the drill string, transmission rate or drilling fluid flow rate At least one；And

The drill bit rail is adjusted using the rotary steering drilling system for being operably connected to the BHA during drilling well Mark.

17. according to the method for claim 16, wherein being adjusted during drilling well using the rotary steering drilling system The whole bit course includes being based at least partially on the calculated result of the computer model from the BHA to adjust State bit course.

18. method according to claim 1 or 2, further include: during drilling well using from be connected to the BHA to Lack the information that a sensor receives to update the drilling parameter.

19. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein also being wrapped according to the adjusted drilling parameter to operate the BHA It includes:

The prediction result to the bit walk of the pit shaft spiral and the drill bit is based at least partially on to select The component of the BHA；

It adjusts in bit pressure, the torque of drill string for being applied to the BHA, the revolving speed of the drill string, transmission rate or drilling fluid flow rate At least one；And

By adjusting the cutting member on the specification of the drill bit, blade configuration, gauge pad length, gauge pad position or the drill bit At least one of part layout adjusts the lateral invasion of the drill bit.

20. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein operating the BHA according to the adjusted drilling parameter and including Adjust at least one of bit pressure, torque, revolving speed, transmission rate, drilling fluid flow rate or lateral invasion of drill bit.