CN109659520B - Application of battery material in positive electrode and negative electrode of sodium ion battery - Google Patents

Application of battery material in positive electrode and negative electrode of sodium ion battery Download PDF

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CN109659520B
CN109659520B CN201811496190.5A CN201811496190A CN109659520B CN 109659520 B CN109659520 B CN 109659520B CN 201811496190 A CN201811496190 A CN 201811496190A CN 109659520 B CN109659520 B CN 109659520B
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sodium
battery
battery material
solution
ion battery
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CN109659520A (en
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曹达鹏
王帅刚
卢侠
石元盛
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

An application of a battery material in the positive and negative electrodes of a sodium ion battery belongs to the field of energy storage devices. The material for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the sodium ion energy storage device is obtained by sol-gel and high-temperature calcination, and has a chemical formula of NaxFeyCo0.5‑yMnzO2. Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.55 and less than or equal to 0.72, and x is more than or equal to 0.1<y≤0.15,0.42<z<0.56, x +4z is 2.5. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the symmetrical sodium-ion battery provided by the application both comprise the materials. The material provided by the invention has good electrochemical performance when being used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and also has good electrochemical performance after being assembled into a symmetrical energy storage device.

Description

Application of battery material in positive electrode and negative electrode of sodium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a material for a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a sodium ion energy storage device, a preparation method of the material and a symmetric sodium ion energy storage device, and belongs to the field of energy storage devices.
Background
In recent years, with the development of the world economy and the increase of the environmental pressure, people have more and more urgent and strict requirements on energy, i.e. a cornerstone for social progress. The utilization of human energy from the firewood age to the coal age and then to the oil and gas age is accompanied by a great leap of productivity in every transition. However, the development and utilization of traditional fossil energy sources bring serious challenges to the sustainable development of human beings. In recent years, green development centered on reducing excessive consumption of energy resources has been vigorously developed globally, and the goal thereof is to pursue economic, social, and ecological overall coordinated sustainable development. In the process of energy conversion, human practical experience has proven a bit: the energy source can be fully and sustainably utilized by having a complete and green energy storage and discharge device system.
Energy storage devices have been developed with the replacement of the whole energy era, from the simplest direct utilization of heat energy to the conversion of mechanical energy, to the conversion of electrical energy, chemical energy, from steam engines, internal combustion engines to lead-acid batteries, to lithium batteries, solar cells, etc., energy storage devices have been developed all the time in the entanglement of the two aspects of environmental protection and energy utilization. By the new century of world development, all countries pay attention to the inevitable trend of energy transformation, and in this stage, the development of energy storage devices mainly based on lithium batteries enters a prosperous period. However, in the development process of lithium ion batteries, scientists and researchers find that the reserve of lithium and the safety of lithium batteries become bottlenecks in the overall application of lithium batteries.
In such a dilemma, when researchers reviewed the entire history of battery development again, it was discovered that in the last 80 th century, Delmas et al had confirmed Na+Can be added to the material NaxCoO2Reversibly de-intercalated. Two major problems exist with lithium ion batteries: one is resource problem, the lithium resource is not uniformly distributed in the world, and if the recovery condition is not considered, the lithium resource is estimated to be consumed in 60 years, and in addition, the cathode material of the common lithium ion battery contains rare element cobalt; secondly, safety, because the energy density of the lithium battery is very high, if a thermal runaway reaction occurs, a lot of heat can be released, and potential safety hazards exist. In view of such a situation, sodium ion batteries are at least no longer a limiting development requirement in terms of resource issues and therefore have great advantages in terms of large-scale energy storage and low-speed power batteries.
As a core component of sodium ion batteries, both positive and negative electrode materials have long been the focus of research, particularly the study of layered oxide materials. However, at present, stability still remains a main bottleneck of sodium ion positive and negative materials, and how to find a stable material which can be used for positive and negative electrodes becomes a research focus of sodium ion battery materials at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Under the background, the invention provides a layered oxide material for a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a sodium ion energy storage device, a preparation method thereof and a symmetrical energy storage device.
The chemical formula of the material of the sodium ion energy storage device provided by the invention is NaxFeyCo0.5-yMnzO2. Wherein, 0.25<x<0.77,0.1<y<0.3,0.42<z<0.56, x +4z ═ 2.5; the x is preferably 0.55-0.72, more preferably 0.60-0.67, and most preferably 0.67; the y is preferably 0.15-0.2, and more preferably 0.15; the z is preferably 0.42 to 0.45, and most preferably 0.45.
The material provided by the invention can be used for the anode material of a sodium ion energy storage device, the voltage range of the material is 1.5V-4.5V, preferably 1.8V-4.1V, and can also be applied to the cathode material of the sodium ion energy storage device, the voltage range of the material is 0.001V-2.5V, preferably 0.3V-2.5V, and meanwhile, the voltage range of the symmetrical energy storage device assembled by the material is 0.001V-3V, preferably 0.01V-2.5V.
The preparation scheme of the material for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the sodium ion energy storage device provided by the invention is that the preferable preparation scheme is sol-gel and a subsequent high-temperature calcination scheme, but the preparation scheme is not limited to the method:
(1) preparing a precursor;
the invention adopts a sol-gel method to prepare the precursor of the material according to the stoichiometric ratio NaxFeyCo0.5-yMnzO2. Wherein, 0.25<x<0.77,0.1<y<0.3,0.42<z<0.56, x +4z is 2.5, weighing appropriate nitrate or acetate of sodium, iron, cobalt and manganese, dissolving in a solvent such as an aqueous solvent or other soluble solvents to obtain a solution A, and weighing citric acid with the same molar amount as the sodium salt, and dissolving in a solvent such as an aqueous solvent or other soluble solvents to obtain a solution B; stirring and dissolving the two solutions, then dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B, and stirring for 6-10 hours at 60-100 ℃ to obtain sol; drying the sol at 60-80 ℃ for 10-20 hours to obtain porous gel; grinding the gel into powder, heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-2 ℃ per minuteCalcining for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain a precursor;
(2) preparing a material;
grinding the precursor obtained in the step (1) for 3-5 hours, raising the temperature to 850-1000 ℃ at the rate of 3-5 ℃ per minute, calcining for 12-15 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain a P2-phase ternary metal oxide layered material, wherein the structural formula is NaxFeyCo0.5-yMnzO2(ii) a Wherein, 0.25<x<0.77,0.1<y<0.3,0.42<z<0.56,x+4z=2.5。
The assembly scheme provided by the invention for the sodium ion symmetric energy storage device is as follows:
the material provided by the invention is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder and coated on an aluminum foil to prepare a positive electrode, and coated on a copper foil or an aluminum foil to prepare a negative electrode. The material is mainly characterized in that the anode material is the material provided by the invention, the diaphragm is glass fiber, the electrolyte is organic solution taking sodium perchlorate or sodium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte, and the cathode material is also the material provided by the invention. The organic solution can be one or more of EC, PC, DEC, etc. The concentration of the electrolyte in the organic solution is preferably 0.5 to 2 mol/L.
The invention has the technical advantages that:
when the material provided by the invention is used as a positive electrode material of a sodium ion energy storage device, a charge-discharge curve is a smooth curve, no obvious voltage platform exists, the specific capacity of the material is easy to detect, and meanwhile, the material has excellent rate capability and cycle performance; when the material provided by the invention is used for a negative electrode material of a sodium ion energy storage device, an obvious charge-discharge platform exists between 1.5V and 2.0V, and the material has very good cycle performance in different voltage intervals; meanwhile, the anode material and the cathode material provided by the invention are assembled into a symmetrical energy storage device, and the symmetrical energy storage device also has good electrochemical performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is an XRD diffractogram of the material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a TEM image and a selected area electron diffraction pattern of the material prepared in example 1.
a) TEM image and b) selected area electron diffraction pattern.
Fig. 3 is a charge-discharge curve and cycle performance graph of the material obtained in example 2 as a positive electrode material. a) Charge and discharge curves and b) cycle performance plots.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a charge-discharge curve and a cycle characteristics when the material obtained in example 3 is used as a negative electrode material; a) charge and discharge curves and b) cycle performance plots.
Figure 5 is an XRD diffractogram of the material prepared in example 4.
Fig. 6 is a charge-discharge curve and a cycle performance graph of the material obtained in example 5 as a positive electrode material.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the electrochemical performance of the symmetric energy storage device of example 6;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the first step is as follows: 0.5742g of sodium nitrate, 0.5991g of iron nitrate nonahydrate, 1.0070g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 1.5922g of manganese nitrate (50% by mass) solution were dissolved in 50mL of deionized water to obtain solution A, and 1.8993g of citric acid was dissolved in 50mL of deionized water to obtain solution B, and the solutions A and B were stirred on a magnetic stirrer at normal temperature for 1 hour. And then dropwise adding the solution A into the stirred solution B, and after the solution A is added, raising the temperature to 80 ℃ and heating and stirring for 8 hours to obtain the sol.
The second step is that: and (3) placing the obtained sol in a forced air drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 15h to obtain porous gel, and grinding to obtain powder. And calcining the obtained powder in a muffle furnace at the temperature rising rate of 1 ℃ per minute to 450 ℃ for 6h to obtain precursor powder.
The third step: grinding the precursor powder for 2h, putting the precursor powder into a muffle furnace, calcining the precursor powder for 15h at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃ per minute to 950 ℃, and naturally cooling the precursor powder to room temperature to obtain the targetMaterial Na0.67Fe0.15CO0.35Mn0.45O2
Example 2:
120mg of the material in the example 1 and 24mg of conductive carbon black are taken and ground for 30 minutes, then 15mg of PVDF adhesive is added and ground for 30 minutes, 300ul of N-methyl pyrrolidone is added after the materials are uniformly ground and ground for 30 minutes, then the materials are uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, drying treatment is carried out under a baking lamp, the dried aluminum foil is dried in a 90 ℃ oven for 12 hours, and then the materials are cut into pieces and pressed into sheets, and half cells are assembled in a glove box. And standing the assembled half cell for 8 hours, and then testing the electrochemical performance.
Example 3:
the aluminum foil in example 2 was replaced with a copper foil, and the conditions were changed to example 2.
Example 4:
the mass of the sodium nitrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and manganese nitrate (50% mass fraction) solutions in example 1 were changed to 0.6121g, 0.5943g, 0.9989g and 1.5618g, and the mass of citric acid was changed to 1.8840g, with the other conditions being changed to example 1, to obtain the objective product Na0.72Fe0.15CO0.35Mn0.445O2
Example 5:
the material of example 1 in example 2 was changed to the material of example 4, and the conditions were not changed to those of example 2.
Example 6:
and (3) taking the pole piece in the embodiment 2 as a positive pole and the pole piece in the embodiment 3 as a negative pole, assembling the sodium ion symmetric energy storage device, wherein the diaphragm is glass fiber, the electrolyte is 1mol/L EC/DEC solution of sodium perchlorate, and the symmetric energy storage device is stood for 8 hours and then is subjected to electrochemical performance test.

Claims (7)

1. The application of the battery material is characterized in that when the battery material is used as a positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery, the voltage range is 1.8V-4.1V; when the battery material is used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion battery, the voltage range is 0.3V-2.5V; the battery material is simultaneously applied to the sodium-ion batteryWhen the anode and the cathode are assembled into a symmetrical sodium ion battery, the voltage range is 0.01V-2.5V; the chemical formula of the battery material is NaxFeyCo0.5-yMnzO2
Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.55 and less than or equal to 0.72, y is more than 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.15, z is more than 0.42 and less than 0.56, and x +4z is 2.5; the battery material is a P2 phase laminated structure.
2. The use of a battery material as claimed in claim 1, wherein x is 0.60 to 0.67 and z is 0.42 to 0.45.
3. Use of a battery material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the battery material is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing nitrates or acetates of sodium, iron, cobalt and manganese, dissolving the nitrates or acetates in a solvent to obtain a solution A, and weighing citric acid with the same molar quantity as the sodium salt, and dissolving the citric acid in the solvent to obtain a solution B; stirring and dissolving the solution A and the solution B, then dropwise adding the solution A into the solution B, and stirring for 6-10 hours at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ to obtain sol; drying the sol at 60-80 ℃ for 10-20 hours to obtain porous gel; grinding the gel into powder, heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-2 ℃ per minute, calcining for 3-5 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain a precursor;
(2) preparing a battery material;
grinding the precursor obtained in the step (1) for 3-5 hours, raising the temperature to 850-1000 ℃ at a rate of 3-5 ℃ per minute, calcining for 12-15 hours, and naturally cooling to obtain the P2-phase ternary metal oxide layered material, namely the battery material.
4. A symmetric sodium-ion battery, which is characterized in that the battery material as described in claim 1 or 2 is applied to a positive electrode and a negative electrode to carry out the assembly of the symmetric sodium-ion battery.
5. The symmetric sodium-ion battery of claim 4, wherein the battery material is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder and coated on an aluminum foil to obtain a positive electrode and coated on a copper foil to obtain a negative electrode; the diaphragm is glass fiber, and the electrolyte is organic solution taking sodium perchlorate or sodium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte; the organic solution is one or more of EC, PC and DEC.
6. The symmetric sodium-ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the electrolyte in the organic solution is 0.5-2 mol/L; the diaphragm is glass fiber, and the electrolyte is organic solution taking sodium perchlorate or sodium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte.
7. The symmetric sodium-ion battery according to claim 6, wherein the voltage range is 0.01V to 2.5V.
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CN110277555A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-24 东北大学 A kind of O3 type sodium-ion battery positive material, preparation method and application
CN110380047A (en) * 2019-07-08 2019-10-25 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 A kind of symmetric form water system sodium-ion battery

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