CN109657422A - The detail design method and detail design device of frost wall in tunnel - Google Patents
The detail design method and detail design device of frost wall in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109657422A CN109657422A CN201910142652.1A CN201910142652A CN109657422A CN 109657422 A CN109657422 A CN 109657422A CN 201910142652 A CN201910142652 A CN 201910142652A CN 109657422 A CN109657422 A CN 109657422A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002742 anti-folding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the detail design method and calculation on Construction device of the frost wall in a kind of tunnel, comprising: obtains the geological information in the tunnel, and determines analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on the parameter, and obtains checking computation results；Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction requirement, in the case where the checking computation results meet the default construction requirement, completes the detail design to the frost wall.Detail design method and device of the invention, design procedure is simple and easy, can obtain the frost wall for meeting design requirement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tunnel Design technical fields, and in particular to a kind of detail design method of the frost wall in tunnel with
And a kind of detail design device of the frost wall in tunnel.
Background technique
In order to meet the requirement of transit tunnel emergency evacuation and draining, needs that service channel is arranged, Mining Method is being taken to dig
It digs before service channel, it is necessary to surrounding soil is reinforced, while needing to carry out detail design to the frost wall in tunnel, with
Guarantee the safety of construction.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provide the frost wall in a kind of tunnel detail design method and detail design device, design procedure it is simple
It is easy, the frost wall for meeting design requirement can be obtained.
The detail design of frost wall in tunnel provided by the invention, comprising: obtain the geological information in the tunnel, and really
Fixed analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；Based on the parameter
Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall, and obtains checking computation results；Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction
It is required that completing the detail design to the frost wall in the case where the checking computation results meet the default construction requirement.
Preferably, the geological information includes stratum geological information and hydrogeological information, and the analysis parameter includes: to freeze
The effective thickness of native curtain, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil elasticity modulus, frozen soil Poisson's ratio, frozen soil resistance to compression value, frozen soil are anti-
Folding value, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe value.
Preferably, described with the corresponding parameter value of analysis parameter, comprising: the effective thickness value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is
2.0m, the Frozen Soil Cylinder mean temperature value be less than or equal to -10 DEG C, the frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values be 130Mpa-
170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value are 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil resistance to compression value value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the frozen soil is anti-
Folding value value is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value is 1.5-3.0Mpa, the pressure coefficient value value be 0.7 with
And the frozen soil is averaged severe value value as 18.5kN/m3。
Preferably, the value based on the parameter checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall, and obtains checking computation results, packet
It includes: generating the calculation model of the frost wall based on preset algorithm；It is corresponding in conjunction with the analysis parameter based on the calculation model
Parameter value checked, and obtain corresponding with frost wall bearing capacity evaluation information；The bearing capacity is commented
Information is estimated as the checking computation results.
Preferably, the design method further include: in the case where the checking computation results do not meet default construction requirement, base
The parameter value is optimized in the checking computation results, with parameter after being optimized；It is checked based on parameter after the optimization
The mechanical characteristic of the frost wall, and checking computation results after being optimized；It is completed based on checking computation results after the optimization to the jelly
Tie the detail design of wall.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of detail design device of the frost wall in tunnel, the detail design dresses
Setting includes: processor, is used for: obtaining the geological information in the tunnel, and determines analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；
Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on the parameter, and
Obtain checking computation results；Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction requirement, meets in the checking computation results described default
In the case where construction requirement, the detail design to the frost wall is completed.
Preferably, the geological information includes stratum geological information and hydrogeological information, and the analysis parameter includes: to freeze
The effective thickness of native curtain, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil elasticity modulus, frozen soil Poisson's ratio, frozen soil resistance to compression value, frozen soil are anti-
Folding value, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe value.
Preferably, described with the corresponding parameter value of analysis parameter, comprising: the effective thickness value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is
2.0m, the Frozen Soil Cylinder mean temperature value be less than or equal to -10 DEG C, the frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values be 130Mpa-
170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value are 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil resistance to compression value value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the frozen soil is anti-
Folding value value is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value is 1.5-3.0Mpa, the pressure coefficient value value be 0.7 with
And the frozen soil is averaged severe value value as 18.5kN/m3。
Preferably, the value based on the parameter checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall, and obtains checking computation results, packet
It includes: generating the calculation model of the frost wall based on preset algorithm；It is corresponding in conjunction with the analysis parameter based on the calculation model
Parameter value checked, and obtain corresponding with frost wall bearing capacity evaluation information；The bearing capacity is commented
Information is estimated as the checking computation results.
Preferably, the processor is also used to: in the case where the checking computation results do not meet default construction requirement, being based on
The checking computation results optimize the parameter value, with parameter after being optimized；Institute is checked based on parameter after the optimization
The mechanical characteristic of frost wall is stated, and checking computation results after being optimized；Freezed based on checking computation results completion after the optimization to described
The detail design of wall.
The detail design method and detail design device of frost wall in tunnel provided by the invention, according to the tunnel of acquisition
Geological information, corresponding analysis parameter is chosen, to meet the requirement of Specific construction environment；Value checks institute based on the parameter
The mechanical characteristic of frost wall is stated, and obtains checking computation results, computer capacity is reduced, reduces calculated load；Judge checking computation results
Whether default construction requirement is met, to complete the detail design to frost wall.Design procedure of the invention is simple and easy, can
Obtain the frost wall for meeting design requirement.
The other feature and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is to further understand for providing to the embodiment of the present invention, and constitute part of specification, under
The specific embodiment in face is used to explain the present invention embodiment together, but does not constitute the limitation to the embodiment of the present invention.Attached
In figure:
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the detail design method of the frost wall in the tunnel of embodiment according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment of the attached drawing to the embodiment of the present invention.It should be understood that this
Locate described specific embodiment and be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention embodiment, is not intended to restrict the invention embodiment.
With reference to the accompanying drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the detail design of the frost wall in tunnel provided by the invention, comprising: obtain the ground in the tunnel
Matter information, and determine analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；Base
The mechanical characteristic of the frost wall is checked in the parameter value, and obtains checking computation results；Judge whether the checking computation results accord with
Default construction requirement is closed, in the case where the checking computation results meet the default construction requirement, is completed to the frost wall
Detail design.
According to the technique and scheme of the present invention, in order to meet the requirement of transit tunnel emergency evacuation and draining, need to be arranged connection
Network channel, before taking Mining Method to excavate service channel, it is necessary to be reinforced to surrounding soil.Specifically, water can be used
Flat freezing process reinforces the service channel surrounding soil, while needing to carry out detail design to the frost wall in tunnel.
The present invention chooses corresponding analysis parameter according to the geological information in the tunnel of acquisition to establish horizontal channel frozen soil curtain
The mechanical analysis strain model of curtain chooses mechanics parameters corresponding with analysis parameter, carries out the force analysis of Frozen Soil Cylinder
It is calculated with deformation, judges whether the entire load-carrying capacity of Frozen Soil Cylinder meets default construction requirement according to calculated result.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, the geological information include stratum geological information and hydrogeological information,
The analysis parameter includes: the effective thickness of Frozen Soil Cylinder, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil elasticity modulus, frozen soil Poisson
Folding value more anti-than, frozen soil resistance to compression value, frozen soil, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe value, according to specifically
Layer geological information and hydrogeological information select the analysis parameter, more meet the requirement of Specific construction environment.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, specifically, the parameter value corresponding with analysis parameter, comprising: institute
The effective thickness value for stating Frozen Soil Cylinder is 2.0m, the mean temperature value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder be less than or equal to -10 DEG C, it is described
Frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values are 130Mpa-170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value is 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil resistance to compression value takes
Value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the anti-folding value value of the frozen soil is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value be 1.5-3.0Mpa,
The pressure coefficient value value is 0.7 and the frozen soil severe value value that is averaged is 18.5kN/m3.It is in practice of construction situation
The effective thickness value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is 2.0m and the mean temperature value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is less than or equal to -10 DEG C
In the case of, value is carried out to others analysis parameter, more to meet the construction requirement at scene, computer capacity is reduced, reduces and calculate
Load, so that computational efficiency is higher.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the value based on the parameter checks the frost wall
Mechanical characteristic, and obtain checking computation results, comprising: the calculation model of the frost wall is generated based on preset algorithm；It is tested based on described
It calculates the corresponding parameter value of analysis parameter described in models coupling to be checked, and obtains bearing capacity corresponding with the frost wall
Assess information；Using the bearing capacity evaluation information as the checking computation results.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention can choose service channel structure according to the symmetry of service channel
1/4 is used as calculation model, can further decrease calculated load, bigger raising computational efficiency.
Specifically, the mechanical characteristic checking computations of the frost wall include: the checking computations of frost wall top surface soil pressure and frost wall side
The checking computations of face soil pressure, the mechanical characteristic checking computation results include: the frost wall top soil pressure value and the frost wall
Side soil pressure value.
For example, when the service channel Frozen Soil Cylinder effective thickness is 2.0m, frost wall top surface soil pressure PtIt calculates
Formula are as follows:
Pt=γ H+20kpa
Wherein: γ is that frozen soil is averaged severe value；
H is top surface soil body thickness；
20kpa is default ground load.
Frost wall side soil pressure PsCalculation formula are as follows:
Ps=K0(γH+20kpa)
Wherein: K0For static lateral pressure coefficient；
γ is that frozen soil is averaged severe value；
H is top surface soil body thickness；
20kpa is default ground load.
Preset strength value is respectively less than in the frost wall top soil pressure value and the frost wall side soil pressure value
In the case where, judge that the entire load-carrying capacity of Frozen Soil Cylinder meets default construction requirement.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the design method further include: be not inconsistent in the checking computation results
In the case where closing default construction requirement, the parameter value is optimized based on the checking computation results, to join after being optimized
Number；For example, in the case where checking computation results exceed preset strength value, can by adjusting construction thickness, the parameters such as temperature so that
The value for obtaining corresponding parameter changes, and checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on parameter after the optimization, and obtain
Checking computation results after optimization；The detail design to the frost wall is completed based on checking computation results after the optimization.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of detail design device of the frost wall in tunnel, the detail design dresses
Setting includes: processor, is used for: obtaining the geological information in the tunnel, and determines analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；
Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on the parameter, and
Obtain checking computation results；Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction requirement, meets in the checking computation results described default
In the case where construction requirement, the detail design to the frost wall is completed.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention carries out the force analysis of frozen soil wall using FInite Element and deformation calculates,
Computation model is first established before construction, by the analysis parameter and parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter in the processing
It is preset in device, the force analysis of frozen soil wall is carried out by well-established computation model and deformation calculates.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the geological information includes stratum geological information and the hydrology
Matter information, the analysis parameter include: the effective thickness of Frozen Soil Cylinder, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil elasticity modulus, freeze
Native Poisson's ratio, frozen soil resistance to compression value, the anti-folding value of frozen soil, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe value.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the parameter value corresponding with analysis parameter, comprising: institute
The effective thickness value for stating Frozen Soil Cylinder is 2.0m, the mean temperature value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder be less than or equal to -10 DEG C, it is described
Frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values are 130Mpa-170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value is 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil resistance to compression value takes
Value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the anti-folding value value of the frozen soil is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value be 1.5-3.0Mpa,
The pressure coefficient value value is 0.7 and the frozen soil severe value value that is averaged is 18.5kN/m3。
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the value based on the parameter checks the frost wall
Mechanical characteristic, and obtain checking computation results, comprising: the calculation model of the frost wall is generated based on preset algorithm；It is tested based on described
It calculates the corresponding parameter value of analysis parameter described in models coupling to be checked, and obtains bearing capacity corresponding with the frost wall
Assess information；Using the bearing capacity evaluation information as the checking computation results.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that the processor is also used to: it is not met in the checking computation results
In the case where default construction requirement, the parameter value is optimized based on the checking computation results, with parameter after being optimized；
The mechanical characteristic of the frost wall is checked based on parameter after the optimization, and checking computation results after being optimized；Based on the optimization
Checking computation results complete the detail design to the frost wall afterwards.
The detail design method and detail design device of frost wall in tunnel provided by the invention, according to the tunnel of acquisition
Geological information, corresponding analysis parameter is chosen, to meet the requirement of Specific construction environment；Value checks institute based on the parameter
The mechanical characteristic of frost wall is stated, and obtains checking computation results, computer capacity is reduced, reduces calculated load；Judge checking computation results
Whether default construction requirement is met, to complete the detail design to frost wall.Design procedure of the invention is simple and easy, can
Obtain the frost wall for meeting design requirement.
The optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing above, still, the embodiment of the present invention is simultaneously
The detail being not limited in above embodiment can be to of the invention real in the range of the technology design of the embodiment of the present invention
The technical solution for applying example carries out a variety of simple variants, these simple variants belong to the protection scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiment of the present invention pair
No further explanation will be given for various combinations of possible ways.
In addition, any combination can also be carried out between a variety of different embodiments of the embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is not
The thought of the embodiment of the present invention is violated, equally should be considered as disclosure of that of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of detail design method of the frost wall in tunnel, which is characterized in that the detail design method includes:
The geological information in the tunnel is obtained, and determines analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；
Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；
Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on the parameter, and obtains checking computation results；
Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction requirement, meets the default construction requirement in the checking computation results
In the case of, complete the detail design to the frost wall.
2. detail design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the geological information includes stratum geological information
And hydrogeological information, the analysis parameter includes: the effective thickness of Frozen Soil Cylinder, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil bullet
Property modulus, frozen soil Poisson's ratio, frozen soil resistance to compression value, the anti-folding value of frozen soil, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe
Value.
3. detail design method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the parameter corresponding with analysis parameter takes
Value, comprising:
The effective thickness value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is 2.0m, the mean temperature value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is less than or equal to -10
DEG C, the frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values be 130Mpa-170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value is 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil is anti-
Pressure value value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the anti-folding value value of the frozen soil is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value is 1.5-
3.0Mpa, the pressure coefficient value value are 0.7 and the frozen soil severe value value that is averaged is 18.5kN/m3。
4. detail design method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in the checking computations of value based on the parameter
The mechanical characteristic of frost wall, and obtain checking computation results, comprising:
The calculation model of the frost wall is generated based on preset algorithm；
It is checked, and is obtained and the frost wall in conjunction with the corresponding parameter value of the analysis parameter based on the calculation model
Corresponding bearing capacity evaluation information；
Using the bearing capacity evaluation information as the checking computation results.
5. design method described in any claim in -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the design method is also wrapped
It includes:
In the case where the checking computation results do not meet default construction requirement, based on the checking computation results to the parameter value into
Row optimization, with parameter after being optimized；
The mechanical characteristic of the frost wall is checked based on parameter after the optimization, and checking computation results after being optimized；
The detail design to the frost wall is completed based on checking computation results after the optimization.
6. a kind of detail design device of the frost wall in tunnel, which is characterized in that the detail design device includes:
Processor is used for:
The geological information in the tunnel is obtained, and determines analysis parameter corresponding with the geological information；
Obtain parameter value corresponding with the analysis parameter；
Value checks the mechanical characteristic of the frost wall based on the parameter, and obtains checking computation results；
Judge whether the checking computation results meet default construction requirement, meets the default construction requirement in the checking computation results
In the case of, complete the detail design to the frost wall.
7. detail design device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the geological information includes stratum geological information
And hydrogeological information, the analysis parameter includes: the effective thickness of Frozen Soil Cylinder, the mean temperature of Frozen Soil Cylinder, frozen soil bullet
Property modulus, frozen soil Poisson's ratio, frozen soil resistance to compression value, the anti-folding value of frozen soil, frozen soil shearing resistance value, pressure coefficient value and frozen soil are averaged severe
Value.
8. detail design device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the parameter corresponding with analysis parameter takes
Value, comprising:
The effective thickness value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is 2.0m, the mean temperature value of the Frozen Soil Cylinder is less than or equal to -10
DEG C, the frozen soil Elastic Modulus Values be 130Mpa-170Mpa, the frozen soil Poisson's ratio value is 0.2-0.4, the frozen soil is anti-
Pressure value value is 3.5-7.0Mpa, the anti-folding value value of the frozen soil is 1.8-5.4Mpa, the frozen soil shearing resistance value value is 1.5-
3.0Mpa, the pressure coefficient value value are 0.7 and the frozen soil severe value value that is averaged is 18.5kN/m3。
9. detail design device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described in the checking computations of value based on the parameter
The mechanical characteristic of frost wall, and obtain checking computation results, comprising:
The calculation model of the frost wall is generated based on preset algorithm；
It is checked, and is obtained and the frost wall in conjunction with the corresponding parameter value of the analysis parameter based on the calculation model
Corresponding bearing capacity evaluation information；
Using the bearing capacity evaluation information as the checking computation results.
10. according to detail design device described in any claim in claim 6-9, which is characterized in that the processor
It is also used to:
In the case where the checking computation results do not meet default construction requirement, based on the checking computation results to the parameter value into
Row optimization, with parameter after being optimized；
The mechanical characteristic of the frost wall is checked based on parameter after the optimization, and checking computation results after being optimized；
The detail design to the frost wall is completed based on checking computation results after the optimization.
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| CN110017142A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-16 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | The emergency management method of tunnel safety based on frozen construction |
| WO2020244677A1 (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2020-12-10 | 中铁九局集团有限公司 | Freezing construction method for connecting passage, and freezing system |
| CN112329108A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 济南舜达轨道交通设计有限公司 | Optimized anti-floating checking calculation method and system for subway station |
| CN112329108B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-11-03 | 山东轨道交通勘察设计院有限公司 | Subway station optimization anti-floating checking calculation method and system |
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