CN109655876B - Tritium activity on-line detection system - Google Patents
Tritium activity on-line detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655876B CN109655876B CN201811399283.6A CN201811399283A CN109655876B CN 109655876 B CN109655876 B CN 109655876B CN 201811399283 A CN201811399283 A CN 201811399283A CN 109655876 B CN109655876 B CN 109655876B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/203—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being made of plastics
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Abstract
The invention provides a tritium activity online detection system, which comprises a sample inlet and a sample outlet, wherein a sampling unit and a measuring unit are sequentially connected between the sample inlet and the sample outlet along a pipeline; the measuring unit includes the black case, is located the measuring unit of incasement and is located the incasement and outside and with the signal transmission subassembly that measuring unit links to each other, measuring unit includes plastics scintillation fibre, and this plastics scintillation fibre is including scribbling the first plastics scintillation fibre and the naked second plastics scintillation fibre that can reflect light material. The tritium activity on-line detection system provided by the invention adopts the plastic scintillating fibers to measure the radioactivity, has the characteristics of high response speed, simple measurement and short measurement time when measuring the tritium sample, can eliminate other radioactive interferences by adopting the two types of plastic scintillating fibers, and realizes the real-time measurement of the tritium activity of the tritium sample in a complex environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection system, in particular to an online tritium activity detection system.
Background
Tritium is a radionuclide emitting beta rays, which have low energy, short range, and easy shielding. The measurement of tritium activity is highly susceptible to other radionuclides if they are mixed in the tritium sample.
When a nuclear power station operates, a large amount of tritium-containing waste water and tritium-containing waste gas are generated, and the concentration measurement of tritium in the waste water and the tritium-containing waste gas is very difficult. Because these samples usually contain other radionuclides, these radionuclides emit gamma and beta rays with various energies, and these rays interfere with the tritium measurement, and affect the accuracy of the tritium activity measurement.
At present, liquid flash measurement methods after sampling are mostly adopted for liquid tritium samples. This method does not allow real-time measurement and requires purification of complex component samples, the measurement time is long and a large amount of radioactive waste is generated. The gaseous tritium sample adopts an ionization chamber measuring method, and the ionization chamber cannot distinguish the sources of various rays. Thus, inaccurate measurement results are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tritium activity online detection system based on a plastic scintillation fiber under a complex environment, so as to realize real-time accurate measurement of tritium activity in a tritium sample in the complex environment.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an online tritium activity detection system which comprises a sample inlet and a sample outlet, wherein a sampling unit and a measuring unit are sequentially connected between the sample inlet and the sample outlet along a pipeline; the measuring unit includes the black case, is located the measuring unit of incasement and is located the incasement and outside and with the signal transmission subassembly that measuring unit links to each other, measuring unit includes plastics scintillation fibre, and this plastics scintillation fibre is including scribbling the first plastics scintillation fibre and the naked second plastics scintillation fibre that can reflect light material.
The plastic scintillating fibers are arranged in parallel and are arranged at equal intervals in a circular array on the section of the plastic scintillating fibers.
The reflective material is zinc sulfide, an aluminum film or a tin film.
The measuring assembly further comprises a support, the support is composed of a plastic plate and supporting legs, the supporting legs are fixed in the black box through bolts, a plurality of small round holes are formed in the plastic plate, and the plastic scintillating fibers directly penetrate through the small round holes.
The measuring component also comprises a light guide optical fiber which is gathered into two beams respectively connected with the first plastic scintillating fiber and the second plastic scintillating fiber; and the signal transmission assembly comprises two photoelectric conversion media which are respectively connected with a bundle of light guide optical fibers and a signal coupler which is connected with the two photoelectric conversion media.
The measuring component further comprises a first optical coupler, and the two light guide optical fibers are connected with the first plastic scintillating fiber or the second plastic scintillating fiber through the first optical coupler respectively.
The photoelectric conversion medium is a second optical coupler and a photomultiplier which are connected with each other, and the photoelectric conversion medium is connected with the light guide optical fiber through the second optical coupler; or the photoelectric conversion medium is an avalanche diode.
The signal transmission assembly further comprises a preamplifier, and the preamplifier is connected with the signal coupler.
The sampling unit comprises a valve and a sampling pump connected with the valve through the pipeline, and the rear end of the sampling pump is connected with an inlet of the measuring unit.
The measuring unit is electrically connected with a signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit comprises a programmable control module and a power supply.
The programmable control module is a singlechip, a PLC or a PC.
The tritium activity online detection system adopts the plastic scintillating fibers to measure the radioactivity, has high response speed and simple measurement when measuring the tritium sample, is superior to a liquid scintillation sampling measurement technology and an electrolysis measurement technology in response time, can recycle the measured sample, and does not generate any radioactive waste; the sampling unit and the measuring unit are sequentially arranged on the pipeline, and the measurement of a gaseous or liquid tritium-containing sample can be realized; in addition, because the invention adopts two types of plastic scintillating fibers, one type has a coating, the other type has no coating, the beta ray emitted by tritium cannot penetrate the coating, the ray emitted by interfering nuclide can penetrate the coating, and the coating has little influence on the ray shielding, thereby eliminating other radioactive interference, distinguishing the beta ray emitted by tritium from the rays emitted by other radioactive substances, and realizing the accurate tritium measurement under the complex environment of various interfering nuclide. In addition, the tritium activity online detection system disclosed by the invention adopts the photoelectric conversion device and the signal coupler to realize real-time signal subtraction, so that a measurement result can be obtained in real time; and the signal processing unit is electrically connected with the measuring unit, so that the signal processing unit can be far away from a radiation field, the aging effect of rays on electronic equipment and the interference of weak signals are reduced, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an online tritium activity detection system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a measuring unit of the tritium activity online detection system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of another measuring unit of the tritium activity online detection system shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an on-line tritium activity detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a sample inlet 40 and a sample outlet 50, wherein a sampling unit 10 and a measurement unit 20 are connected in sequence along a pipeline I between the sample inlet 40 and the sample outlet 50, and the measurement unit 20 is electrically connected to a signal processing unit 30.
Wherein, the sampling unit 10 comprises a valve 11 and a sampling pump 12 connected with the valve 11 through a pipeline I, and the rear end of the sampling pump 12 is connected with the inlet of the measuring unit 20.
As shown in fig. 2A, the measurement unit 20 includes a black box 21, a measurement component 22 located in the black box, and a signal transmission component 23 located outside the black box and connected to the measurement component 22, the black box 21 is respectively communicated with the sampling unit 10 and the sample outlet 50 through a sample inlet 211 and a sample outlet 212 thereof, so that the sample enters the black box 21 through the sampling unit 10, and the black box 21 is filled with the sample and leaves the black box from the sample outlet 50, and the measurement component 22 located in the black box is used to immerse the measurement component 22 in the sample.
The black box 21 is made of black plastic, and thus is black on the outside, and reflective materials such as aluminum foil are adhered to the inside.
The measurement assembly 22 comprises a plastic scintillating fiber 221, a light guiding fiber 222 and a first optical coupler 223 as well as a holder 224 for holding the plastic scintillating fiber 221.
The plastic scintillating fibers 221 are arranged in parallel with each other and are arranged at equal intervals in a circular array on the cross section thereof. The plastic scintillating fibers 221 include some first plastic scintillating fibers 221a coated with reflective material zinc sulfide (also coated with reflective material such as aluminum film or tin film), and some exposed second plastic scintillating fibers 221 b. Therefore, beta rays emitted by tritium cannot penetrate through the coating of the reflective material, rays emitted by interfering nuclides can penetrate through the coating of the reflective material, and the radiation shielding effect of the reflective material is small. Thus, accurate measurement of tritium in the presence of multiple interfering species can be achieved.
Accordingly, the light guide fiber 222 is gathered into two bundles, one of which is connected to the first plastic scintillating fiber 221a through a first optical coupler 223, and the other of which is connected to the second plastic scintillating fiber 221b through a first optical coupler 223. Wherein the length of the light guiding fiber 222 can be adjusted as desired. The first optical coupler 223 is an optical coupler of the plastic scintillating fiber 221 and the light guiding fiber 222.
The bracket 224 is composed of a plastic plate and support legs, the support legs are fixed in the black box 21 through bolts, a plurality of small round holes are formed in the plastic plate, and the plastic scintillating fibers 221 directly penetrate through the small round holes so as to be fixed through the bracket 224.
The signal transmission assembly 23 includes two photoelectric conversion media 231, a signal coupler 232 and a preamplifier 233, each photoelectric conversion medium 231 is connected to one of the light guide fibers 222, and both photoelectric conversion media 231 are connected to the signal coupler 232, so that signal subtraction is realized through the signal coupler 232. A preamplifier 233 is connected to the signal coupler 232 to amplify the subtracted signal. Thus, the signal emitted by the photoelectric conversion medium 231 irradiated by the second plastic scintillating fiber 221b is subtracted from the signal emitted by the photoelectric conversion medium 231 irradiated by the first plastic scintillating fiber 221a, and the resulting signal is coupled to the preamplifier 223.
As shown in fig. 2A, the photoelectric conversion medium 231 may be a second optical coupler 2311 and a photomultiplier 2312 connected to each other, and the photoelectric conversion medium 231 is connected to the light guide fiber 222 through the second optical coupler 2311.
As shown in fig. 2B, the photoelectric conversion medium 231 may be an avalanche diode to perform photoelectric conversion and pre-amplification.
In addition, any one or more of the photoelectric conversion medium 231, the signal coupler 232, and a preamplifier 233 of the signal transfer assembly 23 may also need to be placed inside the black box 21 or remotely from the black box 21.
Referring to fig. 1 again, the signal processing unit 30 includes: a programmable control module (such as a single chip, a PLC or a PC) and a power supply, wherein the programmable control module is connected to a preamplifier 233 (shown in fig. 2A) of the measurement unit 20, and the power supply supplies power to the programmable control module, the preamplifier 233 and the photoelectric conversion medium 231.
The sample outlet 50 may be connected to a waste reservoir or to a source of sample to reintroduce the measured sample to the sample, for example if the sample is from a pipe, the sample outlet may be connected to the pipe to reintroduce the measured sample into the pipe.
The tritium activity online detection method implemented by the tritium activity online detection system is described below with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2A, and fig. 2B, and specifically includes:
s1: opening the valve 11 and starting the sampling pump 12;
s2: after waiting a certain time (the waiting time is related to the sampling rate and the spatial size of the black box 21), the signal processing unit 30 is turned on.
S3: the current I generated by reading the second plastic scintillating fiber 221b through the signal processing unit 301The current I generated by the first plastic scintillating fiber 221a2And recording the measurement time t and calculating the activity A of the sample to be measured. The formula for activity A can beSelf-derived according to the measurement principle.
Activity a is: a ═ η1·η2·ΔI·n/t
Wherein eta is1Is the conversion coefficient of current to particle number, η2To measure efficiency, η1And η2The product of (a) is obtained by calibration experiments; Δ I is the difference between the current produced by the second plastic scintillating fiber 221b and the current produced by the first plastic scintillating fiber 221a, in units of A, and t is the measurement time, in units of s.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An on-line tritium activity detection system, characterized in that the system comprises a sample inlet (40) and a sample outlet (50), a sampling unit (10) and a measuring unit (20) are connected in sequence along a pipeline (I) between the sample inlet (40) and the sample outlet (50);
the measuring unit (20) comprises a black box (21), a measuring component (22) positioned in the box and a signal transmission component (23) positioned outside the box and connected with the measuring component (22), wherein the measuring component (22) comprises plastic scintillating fibers (221), and the plastic scintillating fibers (221) comprise first plastic scintillating fibers (221a) coated with light reflecting materials and second exposed plastic scintillating fibers (221 b);
the plastic scintillating fibers (221) are arranged in parallel and are arranged at equal intervals in a circular array mode on the section of the plastic scintillating fibers; the reflective material is zinc sulfide, an aluminum film or a tin film.
2. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring component (22) further comprises a support (224), the support (224) is composed of a plastic plate and support legs, the support legs are fixed in the black box (21) through bolts, a plurality of small round holes are arranged on the plastic plate, and the plastic scintillating fibers (221) directly pass through the small round holes.
3. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement assembly (22) further comprises a light guiding optical fiber (222), the light guiding optical fiber (222) being gathered into two bundles connected to a first plastic scintillating fiber (221a) and a second plastic scintillating fiber (221b), respectively; and the signal transmission assembly (23) comprises two photoelectric conversion media (231) which are respectively connected with a bundle of light guide optical fibers (222) and a signal coupler (232) which is connected with the two photoelectric conversion media (231).
4. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that the measurement assembly (22) further comprises a first optical coupler (223), and the two light guiding optical fibers (222) are connected with the first plastic scintillating fiber (221a) or the second plastic scintillating fiber (221b) through one first optical coupler (223), respectively.
5. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that the photoelectric conversion medium (231) is a second optical coupler (2311) and a photomultiplier (2312) connected with each other, the photoelectric conversion medium (231) is connected with the light guide fiber (222) through the second optical coupler (2311); or the photoelectric conversion medium (231) is an avalanche diode.
6. An online tritium activity detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that the signal transfer assembly (23) further comprises a preamplifier (233), the preamplifier (233) being connected to the signal coupler (232).
7. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling unit (10) comprises a valve (11) and a sampling pump (12) connected to the valve (11) through the line (I), the rear end of the sampling pump (12) being connected to the inlet of a measurement unit (20).
8. A tritium activity online detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring unit (20) is electrically connected with a signal processing unit (30), the signal processing unit (30) comprising a programmable control module and a power supply.
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| CN113156486B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-05-17 | 成都理工大学 | Tritium water concentration real-time detection system for nuclear power station liquid effluent |
| CN114355433B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-08-23 | 中创智科(绵阳)科技有限公司 | Method for measuring response time of air tritium concentration rapid detector |
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| JP2007248408A (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Horiba Ltd | Radiation detector |
| US8258483B1 (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-09-04 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | High spatial resolution particle detectors |
| CN106291653B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2019-04-23 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | The total α of fluid, the continuous on-line monitoring method of Total Beta Radioactivity and device |
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| JP4139905B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2008-08-27 | 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 | Radiation discrimination detector |
| JP2007192548A (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Radiation measurement system |
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