CN109655007A - A kind of interior pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused of grand bridge tubular arch - Google Patents
A kind of interior pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused of grand bridge tubular arch Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring methods being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch, this method is to be monitored by the drift using fiber Bragg grating technology detection reflection center wavelength of light to the pipe inner concrete structural strain being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch.Monitoring method of the invention is long with monitoring distance, monitoring range is big, monitoring angle is wide, the advantages of monitoring accuracy and measuring accuracy height, accurate positioning, and equipment cost is low, low energy consumption, corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference, it is steady in a long-term good, it is easily integrated, is able to satisfy the requirement for the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge monitoring methods, the pipe inner concrete being perfused in especially a kind of grand bridge tubular arch becomes
Shape monitoring method.
Background technique
It is bridge under various weathers, transportation condition and bridge by the monitoring and evaluation to bridge structure health state
It is issued warning signal when operation situation exception, provides foundation for bridge inspection and maintenance, maintenance and management measure, and arrange by taking in time
It applies to reach and prevents bridge collapse, local failure, the purpose of the service life of guarantee and extension bridge.The bridge structure health in China
Initial stage is still located in monitoring, reliable in remote monitoring, raising system with carrying out in a deep going way for bridge structural health monitoring work
Property, improve data processing and analysis theories etc. also need improve and it is perfect, there is no ready-made performance and data assessment at present
The specification of aspect.Common monitoring method has the disadvantage in that at present
(1) geometric optics measurement means not only expend a lot of manpower and time cost during long term monitoring, but also
It cannot be guaranteed that the timeliness of monitoring data, monitoring data need later period artificial input data library, and research and application result has can not
The hysteresis quality avoided.
(2) vibrating string type sensor is mechanical structure formula principle, and using string wire as conversion elements, there are the characteristics of lag, therefore,
It may be only available for static state and the quasi dynamic test no more than 10Hz.Bridge external condition is dynamic load mostly, weather, corrodes, hits
The effect etc. with other emergency events is hit, vibrating string type sensor applicability has significant limitation.
(3) ordinary sensors are difficult to permanently effective survival, climate, erosion, shock and other emergency events outside bridge
And under the action of electromagnetic interference, easily sensor and its lead are caused to corrode and be denaturalized to destroy, so that sensor is difficult to for a long time
It operates normally.Therefore common electrical measurement class sensor will be unable to the meeting long term monitoring of the task.
(4) traditional sensors are mostly point sensor, and not only installation is complicated, but also later period monitoring route is more and miscellaneous
Disorderly, it is difficult to carry out large area and monitor on a large scale, when test needs personal monitoring, cannot accomplish real time on-line monitoring and assessment.
(5) complex geographical environment as locating for bridge, it is extremely difficult to accomplish artificial long-term maintenance, therefore the biography being installed therein
Sensor has been had to the high life, steadily in the long term, without often replacement.
(6) it is either single to belong to single monitoring system mostly for existing bridge structure monitoring and status assessing system
Management system is not easily achieved integrated fusion and uniformly monitors analysis platform.
Therefore explore and formed stablize, reliably monitor system, clear parameters index, science obtain with processing monitor
The work such as data, formation monitoring specification are the development and striving direction of bridge structural health monitoring from now on.It is badly in need of a kind of length at present
Phase stability is high, and environmental suitability is strong, and real-time online automatic monitoring easy for installation solves the problems, such as this with assessment technology.
Optical fiber sensing technology is that the 1980s is fast along with the development of optical fiber and optical fiber communication technology
For one kind that speed grows up using light as carrier, optical fiber is medium, the New Sensing Technology of perception and transmission outer signals.It grinds at present
Making successful fibre optical sensor may be implemented the monitoring of most physical quantitys, including strain, temperature, vibration, displacement, pressure,
Sound, flow, viscosity, light intensity and other chemistry, biomedical and electric current, voltage parameter etc., have been widely used in aviation boat
It, defense military, building, water conservancy, metrology and measurement, electric power, the energy, environmental protection, intelligence structure, automatic control and biomedicine etc. it is many
It is multi-field.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring methods being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch.
Monitoring method of the invention has that monitoring distance is long, monitoring range is big, monitoring angle is wide, monitor accuracy and measuring accuracy it is high,
The advantages of accurate positioning, and equipment cost is low, low energy consumption, corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference, it is steady in a long-term good, it is easily integrated, energy
Meet the requirement for the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of interior pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused of grand bridge tubular arch passes through
The drift that reflection center wavelength of light is detected using fiber Bragg grating technology, to coagulation in the pipe being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch
Soil structure strain is monitored.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the method is to utilize
Fiber Bragg grating technology measures the variable of the wavelength value of optical fiber, calculates strain, stress according to the variable of the wavelength value of optical fiber
And axle power, the pipe inner concrete structural strain being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch is monitored.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the strain is to utilize
Formula:It calculates, λ in formulaz0、λθ0、λr0Respectively axial optical fiber sensor, circumferential fibre optical sensor, diameter
To the primary wave long value of fibre optical sensor；λzi、λθi、λriAxial optical fiber sensor, the circumferential optical fiber that respectively i-th measures pass
The wavelength value of sensor, radial fibre optical sensor；K is the calibration coefficient that fiber optic materials limit；εzi、εθi、εriThe respectively axis of measuring point
To strain, hoop strain, radial strain.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the stress is to utilize
Following formula calculates:
σ in formulazi、σθi、σriThe respectively axial stress of measuring point, circumference stress, radial stress, (kPa)；E is concrete
Elasticity modulus, (kPa)；μ is the Poisson's ratio of concrete.
5, the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 4,
It is characterized by: the axle power is calculated using following formula:
In formulaIt is averaged axial stress for section, (kPa)；A is sectional area, (mm2)；P is section axle power.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the section is averaged axis
To stressIt is to carry out curve quadratic fit using section axial stress of the matlab software to each measuring point to obtain axial stress
Cross-sectional distribution form, and its average value is taken to obtain.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, each measuring point is cut
Face axial stress be pass through by
In obtainReplacementIn the obtained axial stress of each measuring point of E.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the method be according to
Following steps carry out:
(A) monitoring point is chosen；
(B) optical fiber sensing sensor is made；
(C) installation of optical fiber sensing sensor and implantation；
(D) transmission cable is installed；
(E) monitoring device is arranged；
(F) monitoring data；
(G) monitoring data are arranged and are analyzed.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the monitoring point is to adopt
Monitoring point is arranged with four arch rib steel pipes, chooses the outer test tube of lower edge inside tube, lower edge, outboard tube of winding up and inside tube of winding up arrangement
Monitoring point, every arch rib steel pipe take semiarch arrange monitoring point, lower edge inside tube and wind up two steel pipes of outboard tube arch springing,
1/12 across footpath, four characteristic cross-sections arrange section as monitoring point before 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre；It test tube and winds up outside lower edge
1/12 across footpath, three characteristic cross-sections are as monitoring point layout points section before the arch springing of inside tube, 1/4 across footpath, span centre；In each prison
Monitoring point is arranged in 9 positions cross-section centroid, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2, right R for surveying section, often
Three sensors are arranged in a monitoring point: axial strain monitors sensor, radial strain monitors sensor, hoop strain monitoring point；
And a temperature sensor is respectively arranged in each cross-section centroid position and pipe wall position.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the monitoring device is
The wireless type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty in 32 channels.
In the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch above-mentioned, the monitoring data are whole
Reason is strain value or stress value based on each point on same section with analysis, carries out data analysis, fitting using matlab, obtains
Out different times section strain or the stress pattern, contemporaneity different cross section section strain or the stress pattern and
The section of same section different times strains or the stress pattern.
Fiber Bragg grating technology principle
Fiber bragg grating (Fiber Bragg Gratting, abbreviation FBG) generallys use phase-mask method and is write
Enter: utilizing the near field diffraction pattern of phase mask by light-sensitive optical fibre close to phase mask using the photorefraotive crystal of light-sensitive optical fibre
Generated space interference striped forms the cyclically-varying of refractive index in a fiber, to form fiber grating.Prague light
The refractive index of fine grating is in periodic distribution along optical fiber axial direction, has good wavelength selectivity, meets Bragg diffraction item
The incident light (wavelength is λ B) of part is coupled reflection at FBG, and the light of other wavelength can completely extend across and unaffected, reflected light
There is peak value at FBG central wavelength lambda B in spectrum, as shown in Figure 8；
Bragg diffraction condition may be expressed as:
λB=2neffΛ (1 formula)
In formula, λBFor FBG central wavelength；neffFor the effective refractive index of fibre core；Λ is fiber grating refractive index modulation week
Phase.
The change of temperature and strain around FBG sensor is responsible for the change of Bragg reflection optical central wavelength lambda B,
They meet relational expression:
In formula, Δ λ is the variation of Prague central wavelength, ε1For the axial strain of grating, ε2、ε3For grating remaining two
A principal strain, p11、p12For photoelastic coefficient, β0For the sum of thermal expansion coefficient and thermo-optical coeffecient, Δ T is temperature change.
Optical fiber at where grating only generates axial strain ε, and when circumferential direction is not subject to pressure, above formula is turned to:
In formula, μ is Poisson's ratio.It can be reduced to
In formula, Pe is effective strain optical coefficient, and value is about 0.22.
Temperature change can cause the variation of optical fibre refractivity, while can also cause the variation of pitch, when temperature change is Δ T
When, bragg wavelengths will be causedBMobile Δ λ is generated, can be expressed as
α is the thermal expansion coefficient of optical fiber in formula, and ζ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of optical fiber, for common germnium doped fiber α be about 0.55 ×
DEG C, ζ is about that 8.3 × 10-6/ DEG C of its value is 8.3 × 10-6.
Caused wavelength mobile Δ λ when being considered strain stress and change in temperature Δ T simultaneously by (4 formula), (5 formula) two formulas
By analysis above it is recognised that the variable quantity and reflected light central wavelength lambda of strain and temperatureBDisplacement have well
Linear relationship.It is realized by the drift of detection reflection center wavelength of light to environment temperature and structural strain using demodulated equipment
Monitoring.According to (6 formula), when certain fiber grating is used as sensor, it is necessary to calibration strain sensitivity coefficient (1- first
Pe) and temperature sensitivity coefficient (α+ζ).
Compared with prior art, optical fiber sensing technology shows outstanding in the monitoring application of grand bridge more state's concrete deformation
More advantages:
(1) it monitors over long distances, on a large scale；Distributed monitoring (dozens of kilometres) can carry out all standing prison of long range non-blind area
It surveys；Large-scale concrete engineering is a wide range of engineering, the demand that optical fiber detection technology is able to satisfy its long range, monitors on a large scale；
(2) distributed not leak prison；Distributed sensing optical cable may be implemented to accomplish that the overall length of large-scale concrete engineering route is covered
Lid, can monitor for covering every bit；
(3) corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference is steady in a long-term good；It is in the nature silica to distributed sensing optical cable, and property is steady
Fixed, born insulation, long-term stable operation sensing property do not change；
(4) many reference amounts measuring technique；By an optical cable, using different modulating demodulation techniques, may be implemented to strain, temperature
The multivariables sensing such as degree and vibration, is surveyed from multi-angles such as pressure, temperature, vibration, deformations.
(5) it insulate, without scene power supply；What is transmitted in fibre optical sensor is optical signal, intrinsic insulation safety, demodulates instrument
Equipment is by emitting and receiving optical signal, to test fibre optical sensor；Sensor is without scene power supply, and low energy consumption；
(6) system cost is low, is easily integrated；For large area, the monitoring of a wide range of linear engineering, optical fiber sensing technology is shared equally
It is low in cost；The series connection monitoring of fibre optical sensor multiple spot many reference amounts may be implemented using technology again by wavelength-division, time-division, be easy to construct
Network monitoring；It, which tests demodulating system, can realize modularization, be easy to the system integration；
(7) measuring accuracy is high, accurate positioning；Precise positioning can test exceptions area and carry out precise positioning, fiber-optic monitoring skill
The measuring accuracy of several microstrains may be implemented in art；
And relatively common strain gauge, the present invention concatenate sensor, and common strain gauge is that each strain gauge needs
Individually to connect single line, the route used of the invention is less, and in addition any position of common strain gauge breaks the strain gauge and just loses
Monitoring function is lost, and by the method for sensor concatenation, it is broken at one when having in route, still can normally collect data.
To prove effect of the invention, the present invention program is applied in big The Small Well grand bridge detection by inventor:
Main projects one of of the big The Small Well grand bridge as Guizhou Province Yuqing to Anlong highway Pingtang to Luodian section,
Bridge is located at the town the Luodian County Mo Yang village great Jing, the township Dong Dang, about apart from the big The Small Well in provincial scenic spot across the river great Jing and backroad
1.5km.Bridge is moved towards in east northeast-Nan Xi, and main bridge center pile No. is K70+655.0, the left long 1501m of width bridge；Right width bridge is long
1486m。
Main bridge is become using the deck type steel tube concrete for calculating across footpath 450m cuts truss arch, and arch uses catenary, arch axis
Coefficient m=1.55, rise h=100m, ratio of rise to span f=1/4.5.
Main arch ring uses equal in width space truss structure, and profile height changes to arch springing 14m (centre to centre) from vault 8m, single
Piece arch rib width 4m (centre to centre), center between direction across bridge two panels arch rib is away from being 16m at arch springing and vault.Horizontal-associate is arranged in intercostal
It is supportted with rice.Upper and lower string arch rib outer diameter of steel pipes 1360m, arch rib lower chord tube be respectively from arch springing to vault wall thickness 35mm, 32mm,
28mm.Steel tube arch rib banjo fixing butt jointing is attached in the form of inner flange, pipe external welding.Perfusion C60 self-compaction is micro- in pipe
Expansive concrete.
Main arch ring segment is divided by component conveying length and lifting Weight control, is divided into 14 sections altogether from arch springing to vault
Section, full-bridge are divided into 58 segments.
One, purpose is monitored
This monitoring will reach following purpose:
1, upper and lower string fin steel tube inner concrete 1/12 across footpath, 4 features before arch springing, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre are monitored
The axial mean strain in sectionMean stressAxle power Pz, analyse the otherness of upper and lower string fin steel tube stress.
2, monitoring inside, outside fin steel tube inner concrete 1/12 across footpath, 4 spies before arch springing, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
Levy the axial mean strain in sectionMean stressAxle power Pz, analyse the otherness of inside, outside steel pipe stress.
3, monitoring winds up rib, lower edge rib, inside, outside steel pipe inner concrete before arch springing, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
The 1/12 characteristic cross-section centroid of across footpath 4, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2, right R9 position axial direction
Strain value analyzes each root canal, each characteristic cross-section axial strain vertically regularity of distribution with lateral both direction.
4, monitoring winds up rib, lower edge rib, inside, outside steel pipe inner concrete before arch springing, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
The 1/12 characteristic cross-section centroid of across footpath 4, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2,9 positions right R radial direction
Strain value analyzes each characteristic cross-section radial strain vertically regularity of distribution with lateral both direction.
5, monitoring winds up rib, lower edge rib, inside, outside steel pipe inner concrete before arch springing, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
The 1/12 characteristic cross-section centroid of across footpath 4, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2,9 positions right R circumferential direction
Strain value analyzes each characteristic cross-section hoop strain vertically regularity of distribution with lateral both direction.
6, according to the three dimensional strain value in 2,3,4, the triaxiality value of 9 points of 7 characteristic cross-sections is calculated, and is analyzed
Its rule that changes with time.
Two, monitoring point is arranged
Main arch ring one shares 8 arch rib steel pipes, this is in four, downstream side ribbed pipe using arrangement monitoring point.Lower edge inside tube
To monitor pipe 1, lower edge exterior string pipe is monitoring pipe 2, and outboard tube of winding up is monitoring pipe 3, and inside tube of winding up is monitoring pipe 4.
Every arch rib steel pipe take semiarch arrange monitoring point, monitoring pipe 1 and monitor 3 two steel pipes of pipe arch springing, 1/4 across
1/12 across footpath, four characteristic cross-sections arrange section as monitoring point before diameter, span centre and span centre.In the arch of monitoring pipe 2 and monitoring pipe 4
1/12 across footpath, three characteristic cross-sections are as monitoring point layout points section before foot, 1/4 across footpath, span centre.
Specific sectional position are as follows:
Monitoring cross section one: one bottom of segment；
Monitoring cross section two: seven top of segment；
Monitoring cross section three: 13 top of segment；
Monitoring cross section four: 14 top of segment.
In the cross-section centroid of each monitoring cross section, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2, right R 9
Monitoring point is arranged in position, and three sensors are arranged in each monitoring point: axial strain monitors sensor, radial strain monitoring sensing
Device, hoop strain monitoring point；Simultaneously in order to eliminate influence of the difference variation to strain value, in each cross-section centroid position and tube wall
Position respectively arranges that a temperature sensor carries out temperature-compensating.
Three, embodiment
(1) optical fiber sensing sensor makes
1, axial strain sensing sensor
In order to guarantee to sense the sensibility to deformation, answered in conjunction with on-site actual situations axial strain monitoring using packaged
Change is counted as sensing sensor (Fig. 3), and 9 axial strain gauges are connected into an optical fiber string, draw two sensing wire jumper heads,
Length of transmission line and both ends wire length are shown in Table 1 between each sensor, and sensor number is shown in Fig. 4 in table.
Length of arrangement wire (connecting line whole armoury wire) between 1 axial strain sensor of table
2, radial strain and hoop strain sensing sensor
Radial strain monitoring and hoop strain monitoring use naked fibre as sensing sensor, use beat in advance indoors first
Grid machine point type bare gate, and 10 monitoring sensor series of radial strain draw jumper terminal from both ends at a grating string,
In in preceding 1#-5#, 6#-10# naked fibre point embedment reinforcing bar.Connecting line between 5# and 6# naked fibre point is due to exposed, it is necessary to use armour
Load wiring, drawing from naked fibre point measuring point not less than 20mm must be armouring connecting line.Spacing between each naked fibre point is shown in Table 2.
Length of arrangement wire between 2 radial strain sensor of table
8 monitoring sensor series of hoop strain draw jumper terminal from both ends at a grating string, wherein preceding 1#-4#,
5#-8# naked fibre point is embedded in reinforcing bar.Connecting line between 4# and 5# naked fibre point is due to exposed, it is necessary to armouring connecting line is used, from
It must be armouring connecting line that naked fibre point measuring point, which is drawn not less than 20mm,.Spacing between each naked fibre point is shown in Table 3.
Length of arrangement wire between 3 hoop strain sensor of table
(2) installation of optical fiber sensing sensor and implantation
1, axial strain sensing sensor is bound
The long φ 14mm spiral of 5 1000m and 4 1040mm (quarter bend including both ends 20mm fishes section) is chosen,
Successively axial strain sensor is bound on reinforcing bar using 4 strappings according to number.Wherein 1#, 5#, 6# and 9# are axially answered
Become sensor binding on the reinforcing bar fished with quarter bend, sensor ties up the reverse side fished in quarter bend.
2, radial strain and the implantation of hoop strain sensing sensor
(1) reinforcing bar is chosen
The φ 14mm spiral of 2 1240m long is chosen in radial strain, and the long rib in surface answers straight iron-free spot.Circumferential reinforcement
Choose 4 φ 14mm spirals: three root long 3767mm；One root long 1885m.
(2) reinforcing bar is polished
Elongated " V " font little groove is polished with sander against the position of michinaga rib in rebar surface.It is circumferential
Reinforcing bar uses bending machine to curve circle after polishing, and the reinforcing bar of 3767mm long curves the circle of diameter 1200mm, the reinforcing bar of 1885m long
The circle of diameter 600mm is curved, both ends wouldn't weld.
(3) alcohol dedusting and temporarily consolidate naked fibre
Using dust-free paper or alcohol silk floss by " V " groove wiped clean, point position is marked with marking pen, naked fibre has been put into
In " V " groove, naked fibre is fixed temporarily using paper self-adhesive tape, determines fixed with 502 glue in measuring point two sides after point position is errorless again
Measuring point naked fibre.
(4) gluing
Preprepared 1:1 bi-component glue is pressed into " V " groove using professional glue gun.
(5) threading protection
It is protected in naked fibre using the small Hose Jacket of 3mm diameter.
(6) two end line welding of daub.
Both ends naked fibre and lead are subjected to heat welded using optical fiber splicer.
3, the binding of single monitoring cross section temperature sensor
Temperature monitoring is carried out using packaged temperature sensor, center temperature sensor is attached in 3# axial strain sensor
Nearly binding, tube wall temperature sensor can be bound near 1#, 5#, 6# or 9# axial strain sensor close to pipe wall position；Two
Both ends lead is drawn after a temperature sensor series connection, and a steel pipe has 6 (or 8) temperature sensors altogether and conspires to create an optical fiber string
It being monitored using two wire jumper heads, monitoring pipe 1 and monitoring pipe 3 arrange 4 sections, then there are 8 temperature sensors, and supervise
Test tube 2 and monitoring pipe 4 arrange 3 sections then and have 6 temperature sensors.
4, installation in single monitoring cross section sensor tube
(1) from arch rib after successively not closed positioning steel ring, two test steel rings, positioning steel ring are manually broken helically
The strength Board position of steel tube head ring flange screws in steel pipe (see Fig. 7), and has good positioning, by ten on two ends, two positioning steel rings
Word transverse bar firm welding；
(2) steel ring two ends firm welding will be monitored, radial strain monitors between reinforcing bar and two hoop strains monitoring steel ring
It is connected using binding；
(3) axial reinforcement where 9 axial strain monitoring sensors is put into, 1#, 5#, 6#, 9# reinforcing bar are in positioning steel ring
Inside and quarter bend fish outward, 2#, 4#, 7#, 8# reinforcing bar it is small monitoring steel ring outside, by shown position placement after, two
Head is fixed with positioning steel ring lap position using electric welding.Bar splicing is monitored with hoop strain monitoring steel ring, radial strain
It is secured using tied silk binding at position.
(3) transmission cable is installed
Each monitoring section has 8 ports, and 8 end lines are held 8 after steel pipe or the drilling extraction of flange end plate
Head, which marks to draw from arch with the assorted single-core line progress welding in 8 core optical cables to span centre position, carries out even machine monitoring.
Six core cable length needed for each monitoring section are as follows:
Monitoring cross section one: 270m；
Monitoring cross section two: 140m；
Monitoring cross section three: 20m；
Monitoring cross section four: 10m；
The transmission line of temperature sensor carries out welding after each section is drawn, and leads to arch after all section series connection of single tube
Top.
Vault is led to after the transmission line of monitoring cross section used is integrated, is carried out in the wireless type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty of vault installation
Monitoring.
(4) monitoring device is arranged
Select 32 channels wirelessly type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty as detection device.
Wirelessly type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty is 16 channel fiber grating demodulation instrument of a wireless transmission, real-time nothing in 32 channels
Line transmits data, is not necessarily to human attendance, is especially suitable for the test site of bad environments；The system can accurately measure fiber grating
Reflection wavelength, integrated degree is high, is designed using waterproof and dustproof, anti-condensation, ensure that the safety of long-time outdoor test.
Equipment has following characteristics:
◎ uses hermetically sealed modular organization, highly integrated, waterproof and dustproof, anti-condensation；
◎ transmits data using high-performance DTU real-time radio；
◎ provides two kinds of power supply modes of internal battery and external power supply, and applicability is wide；
◎ data can infinitely send and it is local save, dual backup, instrument have remote reboot with from arousal function；
32 channel independent test of ◎, can connect multiple sensors；
◎ can concatenate all kinds of fiber-optic grating sensors such as stress, strain, temperature, displacement, pressure, acceleration simultaneously, realize
Multipurpose；
◎ wavelength resolution can reach 1pm.
Its performance parameter is shown in Table 4.
The wireless type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator performance parameter on duty in 4 three ten two channel of table
(5) monitoring frequency
Due to that can release a large amount of heat of hydration during concrete coagulation, optical fiber is sensitive to temperature change, so three-dimensional is answered
Reading is surveyed in the monitoring of change since concrete filled steel tube coagulates the phase to 28d days, and it is initial wavelength that the solidifying phase, which just reaches the corresponding fiber optic wavelength of 28d,.
Subsequent monitoring frequency is shown in Table 5.
5 monitoring frequency of table
(6) monitoring data are arranged and are analyzed
1, strain calculation
The Direct Variable that fiber grating measures is the wavelength value of optical fiber, need to be changed into strain value:
In formula (1), λz0、λθ0、λr0、λT0Respectively axial optical fiber sensor, circumferential fibre optical sensor, radial Fibre Optical Sensor
The primary wave long value of device, temperature sensor；λzi、λθi、λri、λTiThe respectively axial optical fiber sensor, the circumferential light that measure of i-th
The wavelength value of fiber sensor, radial fibre optical sensor, temperature sensor；εzi、εθi、εriThe respectively axial strain of measuring point, circumferential direction
Strain, radial strain.
2, Stress calculation
According to generalized Hooke's law, ignore the influence that shear strain generates direct stress, the stress value of measuring point can be obtained are as follows:
In formula (2), σzi、σθi、σriThe respectively axial stress of measuring point, circumference stress, radial stress, (kPa)；E is coagulation
The elasticity modulus of soil, (kPa)；For the Poisson's ratio of concrete.
3, calculation of axial force
Arch rib concrete filled steel tube axially loaded is a complicated mechanics problem, it is assumed that steel pipe and inside concrete are in axial direction
It is compatible deformation, and synthetical elastic modulus should be used when calculating section stress:
In formula (3), Ec、EsThe respectively elasticity modulus of concrete and steel pipe, (kPa)；D1、D2The respectively internal diameter of steel pipe
And outer diameter, (mm).Formula (3) is obtainedE in alternate form (2) obtains the axial stress of each measuring point.Using matlab software
Pair cross-section axial stress carries out curve quadratic fit and obtains the cross-sectional distribution form of axial stress, and it is flat to take its average value to obtain section
Equal axial stress(kPa)；Multiply in sectional area A (mm2) section axle power can be obtained:
4, concrete filled steel tube hoop strain (power), the analysis of radial strain (power) distribution form
It is strong using matlab based on strain (power) value for each point being calculated on same section by formula (1) and formula (2)
Big data are analyzed, fitting function show that the section of different times strains (power) distribution form.
Contemporaneity can carry out section strain (power) distribution form comparative analysis of different cross section, study its potential rule.
Section strain (power) distribution form comparative analysis that same section different times can also be carried out, studies it and becomes at any time
Law.
It is as follows that detection pipe 1 monitors situation
Detection pipe 1 started to be perfused on August 17th, 2018, and the perfusion of 19 noon of August terminates.Data are 8.17-11.15.
One, testing result
Each cross-section radial strain is larger in perfusion Initial change, with construction progress, gradually tends towards stability；With section position
The absolute value of the raising set, radial strain increases.
The hoop strain of each section monitoring point is equally larger in perfusion Initial change, with construction progress, strains certain
Fluctuation in range.
With hoop strain and radial strain, at perfusion initial stage, monitoring point also occurs biggish pressure in axial strain and answers
Power, this may be that initial stage temperature rises comparatively fast, since the thermal expansion coefficient of sensor and concrete is inconsistent, sensor thermal expansion
Coefficient causes to produce compression between sensor and concrete compared with the about high an order of magnitude of concrete.
Two, interpretation of result
(1) temperature
Temperature field is almost the same at different cross section in managing, and 30h or so temperature reaches maximum value, the center point highest after perfusion
About 75-85 DEG C of temperature, about 52-64 DEG C of the highest temperature at tube wall.Subsequent sharp temperature drop, rate of temperature fall is up to 9-12 in first three days
DEG C/d, the later period is gradually stable.
Tube wall temperature and local environment temperature curve are almost consistent, between the local highest temperature and lowest temperature.And the center of circle
It is totally consistent with the temperature change at tube wall, but tube wall is influenced by environmental temperature, illustrate that environment temperature can be influenced to managing
At inner core.
(2) actual condition is analyzed
To show tubular arch actual loading, choose the reading of a few hours before being perfused as initial value, with reflect tubular arch by
To the stress distribution of the multifactor superposition such as load, temperature, swelling agent, while arch when comparing 7d, 28d, 42d, 60d, 90d age
The stress of foot, haunch and keystone.
Radial strain
Find out from the monitoring data of Fig. 9, radial direction center of circle tension expands at arch springing, and the direction Xiang Guanbi is gradually converted into pressure and answers
Become, while as age rises to 28d or so, center swell area tensile stress is bigger, and tensile stress is basicly stable after 28d.
Radial overall presentation center swell, the compressive strain of the direction Xiang Guanbi are gradually increased, increase with age at haunch, breathing space
The compressive strain of tensile stress and compressional zone accordingly reduce, show that the compression on tube wall periphery is caused by by concrete expansion.
Vault bottom radially can obviously be divided into breathing space and compressional zone.Breathing space is located at tube section top, and lower part is compression
Area.With development of age, expansion tensile stress first reduces to be increased again, and compressional zone then shows as the trend of first increases and then decreases.
Cloud atlas is strained at three in section, at arch springing has apparent axial symmetry feature, and Expansion Center moves up at haunch, and arrives
Vault bottom expansion district center moves up further, while apparent compressional zone occurs.When same age, as sectional position is from arch
Foot is increased to vault, and the tensile stress of breathing space also significantly increases.
Hoop strain
Show that its regularity is not obvious from the circumferential cloud atlas in each section Figure 10.
Axial strain
Axial strain center is changeable at arch springing, extremely unstable, just gradually stable after 60d age, and formation wall compression is big, shape
Be pressurized relatively small stress-strain state at the heart.
Axial strain is complicated at haunch, generally receiving compression, only occurs lesser tensile stress at tube wall.From haunch
Axial strain cloud atlas can be seen that it is symmetrical with vertical direction, answer deformation states in " bow " shape on symmetry axis.
The axial strain of vault bottom is stablized, and it is only compressive strain with construction speed that the form of each age performance is almost consistent
And slightly increase, show as center be pressurized it is larger, Xiang Guanbi compressive strain is gradually reduced.
Only there is the stretching strain of part based on compressive strain on haunch tube wall periphery in the axial strain in section at three.Together
When, it is about 600 μ ε at haunch that maximum compressive strain, which is about 200 μ ε, at arch springing, and vault bottom is about 1000 μ ε, is reflected with section
Position increases, and the compression born is bigger.
Three, conclusion
Generally, the hoop strain rule in each section is unobvious.Radially, it is expanded centered on aggregate performance, periphery pressure
Contracting, as section changes from arch springing to vault, Expansion Center is deviated to top.Radially compressed periphery tube wall may be by steel pipe
Confinement effect enables steel pipe preferably to act synergistically with core concrete.Each section is pressurized in axial direction, and holds closer to vault
The compression received is bigger.
In conclusion monitoring method of the invention has, monitoring distance is long, monitoring range is big, monitoring angle is wide, and monitoring is quasi-
The advantages of true property and measuring accuracy height, accurate positioning, and equipment cost is low, low energy consumption, corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference, for a long time
Stablize, be easily integrated, is able to satisfy the requirement for the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is monitoring cross section schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is single monitoring cross section monitoring point arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is packaged flush type axial strain sensor；
Fig. 4 is axial strain monitoring sensor number schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that radial strain and circumferential become monitor number schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is axial strain sensor integral arrangement and binding schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is monitoring steel ring and reinforcement installation schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is FBG quasi-distributed sensor measuring principle figure；
Fig. 9 is radial strain cloud atlas；
Figure 10 is hoop strain cloud atlas；
Figure 11 is axial strain cloud atlas；
Figure 12 is cloud atlas coordinate example in Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not intended as the foundation limited the present invention.
Embodiment.A kind of interior pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused of grand bridge tubular arch, as shown in Figures 1 to 8,
By the drift using fiber Bragg grating technology detection reflection center wavelength of light, in the pipe being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch
Concrete structure strain is monitored.
The method is the variable of the wavelength value of optical fiber to be measured, according to the wave of optical fiber using fiber Bragg grating technology
The variable of long value calculates strain, stress and axle power, supervises to the pipe inner concrete structural strain being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch
It surveys.
The strain is to utilize formula:It calculates, λ in formulaz0、λθ0、λr0Respectively axial optical fiber passes
Sensor, circumferential fibre optical sensor, radial fibre optical sensor primary wave long value；λzi、λθi、λriThe respectively axial direction that measures of i-th
The wavelength value of fibre optical sensor, circumferential fibre optical sensor, radial fibre optical sensor；K is the calibration coefficient that fiber optic materials limit；
εzi、εθi、εriRespectively axial strain, hoop strain, the radial strain of measuring point.
The stress is calculated using following formula:
σ in formulazi、σθi、σriThe respectively axial stress of measuring point, circumference stress, radial stress, (kPa)；E is concrete
Elasticity modulus, (kPa)；μ is the Poisson's ratio of concrete.
The axle power is calculated using following formula:
In formulaIt is averaged axial stress for section, (kPa)；A is sectional area, (mm2)；P is section axle power.
The section is averaged axial stressIt is that curve is carried out using section axial stress of the matlab software to each measuring point
Quadratic fit obtains the cross-sectional distribution form of axial stress, and its average value is taken to obtain.
The section axial stress of each measuring point be pass through by
In obtainReplacementIn the obtained axial stress of each measuring point of E.
The method is to follow the steps below:
(A) monitoring point is chosen；
(B) optical fiber sensing sensor is made；
(C) installation of optical fiber sensing sensor and implantation；
(D) transmission cable is installed；
(E) monitoring device is arranged；
(F) monitoring data；
(G) monitoring data are arranged and are analyzed.
The monitoring point is to arrange monitoring point using four arch rib steel pipes, chooses the outer test tube of lower edge inside tube, lower edge, winds up
Outboard tube and inside tube arrangement monitoring point of winding up, take semiarch to arrange monitoring point, in lower edge inside tube and upper in every arch rib steel pipe
1/12 across footpath, four characteristic cross-sections are arranged as monitoring point before the arch springings of two steel pipes of string outboard tube, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
Section；1/12 across footpath, three characteristic cross-sections are used as prison before the arch springing of test tube and inside tube of winding up, 1/4 across footpath, span centre outside lower edge
Point layout point section；The cross-section centroid of each monitoring cross section, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2,
Monitoring point is arranged in 9 positions right R, and three sensors are arranged in each monitoring point: axial strain monitors sensor, radial strain prison
Survey sensor, hoop strain monitoring point；And a temperature sensor is respectively arranged in each cross-section centroid position and pipe wall position.
The monitoring device is 32 channels wirelessly type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty.
It is strain value or stress value based on each point on same section that the monitoring data, which are arranged with analysis, is used
Matlab carries out data analysis, fitting, obtains section strain or the stress pattern, contemporaneity different cross section of different times
Section strain or stress pattern and same section different times section strain or stress pattern.
Claims (10)
1. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch, it is characterised in that: by utilizing optical fiber
The drift of Bragg grating technology detection reflection center wavelength of light, calculates monitoring data, to the pipe being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch
Inner concrete structural strain is monitored.
2. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the method is the variable of the wavelength value of optical fiber to be measured, according to the wavelength of optical fiber using fiber Bragg grating technology
The variable of value calculates strain, stress and axle power, is monitored to the pipe inner concrete structural strain being perfused in grand bridge tubular arch.
3. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the strain is to utilize formula:It calculates, λ in formulaz0、λθ0、λr0Respectively axial optical fiber senses
Device, circumferential fibre optical sensor, radial fibre optical sensor primary wave long value；λzi、λθi、λriThe respectively axial light that measures of i-th
The wavelength value of fiber sensor, circumferential fibre optical sensor, radial fibre optical sensor；K is the calibration coefficient that fiber optic materials limit；εzi、
εθi、εriRespectively axial strain, hoop strain, the radial strain of measuring point.
4. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 3, special
Sign is: the stress is calculated using following formula:
σ in formulazi、σθi、σriThe respectively axial stress of measuring point, circumference stress, radial stress, (kPa)；E is the elasticity of concrete
Modulus, (kPa)；μ is the Poisson's ratio of concrete.
5. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 4, special
Sign is: the axle power is calculated using following formula:
In formulaIt is averaged axial stress for section, (kPa)；A is sectional area, (mm2)；P is section axle power；
The section is averaged axial stressIt is secondary using section axial stress progress curve of the matlab software to each measuring point
Fitting obtains the cross-sectional distribution form of axial stress, and its average value is taken to obtain.
6. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 5, special
Sign is: the section axial stress of each measuring point be pass through byIn obtainReplacementIn the obtained axial stress of each measuring point of E.
7. a kind of interior pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused of grand bridge tubular arch described in -6 according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the method is to follow the steps below:
(A) monitoring point is chosen；
(B) optical fiber sensing sensor is made；
(C) installation of optical fiber sensing sensor and implantation；
(D) transmission cable is installed；
(E) monitoring device is arranged；
(F) monitoring data；
(G) monitoring data are arranged and are analyzed.
8. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 7, special
Sign is: the monitoring point is to arrange monitoring point using four arch rib steel pipes, chooses the outer test tube of lower edge inside tube, lower edge, winds up
Outboard tube and inside tube arrangement monitoring point of winding up, take semiarch to arrange monitoring point, in lower edge inside tube and upper in every arch rib steel pipe
1/12 across footpath, four characteristic cross-sections are arranged as monitoring point before the arch springings of two steel pipes of string outboard tube, 1/4 across footpath, span centre and span centre
Section；1/12 across footpath, three characteristic cross-sections are used as prison before the arch springing of test tube and inside tube of winding up, 1/4 across footpath, span centre outside lower edge
Point layout point section；The cross-section centroid of each monitoring cross section, upper R/2, upper R, lower R/2, lower R, left R/2, left R, right R/2,
Monitoring point is arranged in right R9 position, and three sensors are arranged in each monitoring point: axial strain monitors sensor, radial strain monitoring
Sensor, hoop strain monitoring point；And a temperature sensor is respectively arranged in each cross-section centroid position and pipe wall position.
9. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 7, special
Sign is: the monitoring device is 32 channels wirelessly type modulation /demodulation instrument on duty.
10. the pipe inner concrete deformation monitoring method being perfused in a kind of grand bridge tubular arch according to claim 7, special
Sign is: it is strain value or stress value based on each point on same section that the monitoring data, which are arranged with analysis, is used
Matlab carries out data analysis, fitting, obtains section strain or the stress pattern, contemporaneity different cross section of different times
Section strain or stress pattern and same section different times section strain or stress pattern.
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