CN109654966B - River channel regulation ecological reef explosion dredging system and construction method - Google Patents
River channel regulation ecological reef explosion dredging system and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109654966B CN109654966B CN201811573228.4A CN201811573228A CN109654966B CN 109654966 B CN109654966 B CN 109654966B CN 201811573228 A CN201811573228 A CN 201811573228A CN 109654966 B CN109654966 B CN 109654966B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river channel regulation ecological reef blasting system and a construction method, comprising the following steps: the underwater topography measurement adopts the combination of a guide ship and a measuring ship which is provided with an RTK receiver and a depth finder at the bow and the stern, so as to realize the three-dimensional measurement of the underwater topography; the drilling and blasting ship is positioned and adjusted in real time by using a ship bow and stern RTK receiver until the drilling and blasting ship is parallel to a construction datum line; the underwater drilling adopts an integral bottom plate to realize fine adjustment and accurate positioning of a drilling machine along the transverse and longitudinal directions of a drilling and blasting ship; the underwater drilling for charging and filling adopts the method that a balance weight type guide pipe is inserted into a sleeve and then is stably embedded into a reef drilling hole, so that the guide effect is achieved for subsequent charging and backfilling while the formed hole is prevented from being blocked by backflow; the underwater exposed blasting powder charging is carried out by using the plastic hose flexibly fixed along the movable arm of the long-arm excavator, and the construction method has the characteristics of high underwater topography measurement precision, accurate positioning of the drilling and blasting ship and the drill hole, good hole forming effect, high powder charging quality and efficiency and the like, and is suitable for reef blasting engineering for river channel regulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reef explosion dredging construction, in particular to an ecological reef explosion dredging system for river channel regulation and a construction method.
Background
The continuous development of the water transportation industry causes that harbor ponds and navigation channels with insufficient water depth conditions need to be dredged deeply, and an underwater blasting mode is adopted when hard soil is encountered. The underwater blasting mode generally depends on the conditions of dredging and excavating area, terrain, excavating depth and the like. And for the area with the covering layer, dredging construction is firstly carried out, reef blasting excavation is directly carried out on the area without the covering layer, and underwater drilling blasting or naked blasting is generally adopted for reef blasting according to the excavation thickness. The reef explosion engineering not only requires accurate positioning and reasonable determination of explosion parameters, accurate charging and the like, but also focuses on controlling explosion seismic waves, flying rocks and flying dust and reducing pollution to the surrounding environment.
Underwater terrain measurement is usually required before reef explosion dredging construction, a cutting method is mainly adopted in the traditional technology, a depth finder is generally adopted at present to combine with tide detection data, the workload is large, and the measurement precision and efficiency are required to be improved; the drilling and blasting ship is roughly positioned according to a pilot beacon arranged on the shore and then accurately positioned according to the command of a total station, and the positioning process is complicated; usually, a drilling machine is fixed on a drilling and blasting ship, drilling positioning can be adjusted only by anchoring of the drilling and blasting ship, and accurate positioning is difficult to realize; the underwater drilling method is generally a sleeve drilling method, but is influenced by water flow scouring, so that backflow of silt, broken stones and the like is easy to block blast holes after hole forming, the subsequent charging quality and reef explosion effect are influenced, even secondary reef explosion is required, and the workload and the construction cost are increased; the existing technology for throwing naked blasting explosive bags comprises a fork explosive bag inserting method, a slide bar method and a ship throwing method, and mainly needs a mode of combining a positioning ship and a dosing ship, but because the positioning ship is complicated in anchoring operation and the dosing ship is mainly positioned by the positioning ship, the dosing efficiency and accuracy are to be improved
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system and the constructed river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system, which have the characteristics of high underwater topography measurement precision, less workload, accurate drilling and blasting ship and drilling positioning, good hole forming effect, high charging quality and efficiency and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a construction method of a river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system, comprising the steps of:
firstly, measuring an underwater topography by adopting an underwater topography accurate measurement system:
the underwater topography accurate measurement system comprises a reference station, a guide ship, a measurement ship bow RTK receiver, a measurement ship bow depth finder, a measurement ship stern RTK receiver, a measurement ship stern depth finder, a main cable and a steel cable, wherein the reference station is placed on a river bank; the guide ship is provided with two main cables which are respectively anchored on two sides of a river bank at the upstream; connecting the measuring vessel with the guide vessel through the steel cable; the measuring ship bow RTK receiver is installed at the upper end of the bow of the measuring ship, the measuring ship bow depth finder is installed at the bottom end of the bow of the measuring ship, the measuring ship stern RTK receiver is installed at the upper end of the stern of the measuring ship, and the measuring ship stern depth finder is installed at the bottom end of the stern of the measuring ship;
before measurement, fixing a reference station on a river bank, respectively anchoring two main cables of a guide ship on the river bank at two sides of the upstream, connecting the bow part of a downstream measurement ship through a steel cable, and moving the measurement ship above a reef area; the RTK receiver on the bow of the measuring ship and the RTK receiver on the stern of the measuring ship are in butt joint with signals of the reference station through a data communication chain;
during measurement, reading the three-dimensional coordinate of the bow RTK receiver of the measuring ship and recording as (X)i，Yi，Zi) Measuring the depth from the underwater reef by a ship bow depth finder and recording as HiThe three-dimensional terrain coordinate of the point position A of the ship bow underwater reef area is calculated to be (X)i，Yi，Zi-Hi) (ii) a Similarly, the three-dimensional terrain coordinate of the B point position of the ship stern underwater reef area is measured and calculated to be (X)j，Yj，Zj-Hj)；
Adjusting the length of the steel cable to move the measuring ship along the longitudinal section of the river channel, and repeating the steps to finish the underwater topography measurement of the corresponding longitudinal section; adjusting the length proportion of the two main cables to synchronously move the guide ship and the measuring ship along the transverse section of the river channel, and repeating the steps until the underwater topography measurement of the reef area is completed;
step two, positioning the drilling and blasting ship by adopting a drilling and blasting ship positioning device:
the drilling and blasting ship positioning device comprises a drilling machine, a drilling and blasting ship bow RTK receiver, a drilling and blasting ship stern RTK receiver, a drilling and blasting ship main cable, a side cable, a sink chain, a reference station and a construction reference line, wherein the drilling machine is arranged on the drilling and blasting ship, the drilling and blasting ship bow RTK receiver is arranged at the bow of the drilling and blasting ship, and the drilling and blasting ship stern RTK receiver is arranged at the stern of the drilling and blasting ship; the reference station is arranged on a river bank; the construction datum line is arranged on a river bank; the main cable, the side cable and the sink chain of the drilling and blasting ship are used for positioning the drilling and blasting ship;
before positioning, the reference station is fixed on the bank far away from the reef explosion area, and meanwhile, the reference station is fixed on the bankSetting a first reference point and a second reference point nearby, wherein the connection line of the first reference point and the second reference point is a construction reference line, measuring and determining the plane coordinates of the first reference point and the second reference point, and respectively marking as (X)1，Y1) And (X)2，Y2)；
During positioning, moving the drilling and blasting ship provided with the drilling machine to the position above the reef according to the underwater topography measuring result in the step one, reading the plane coordinates of a bow RTK receiver and a stern RTK receiver of the drilling and blasting ship in real time, and recording as (X)m，Ym) And (X)n，Yn) Dynamically adjusting the direction of the drilling and blasting ship until the following formula is met:
at the moment, the direction of the drilling and blasting ship is parallel to the construction datum line;
then, one end of each main cable is connected with a bow of the drilling and blasting ship, the other end of each main cable is anchored on two side banks at the upstream, one end of each side cable is connected with one side of a ship body of the drilling and blasting ship close to the bank, and the other end of each side cable is anchored on the bank; one end of each of the two sinking chains is connected to one side of the hull of the drilling and blasting ship, which is far away from the river bank, and one end provided with a ship anchor is sunk to the water bottom, so that the positioning and the spreading of the drilling and blasting ship are completed;
thirdly, underwater drilling is carried out by using the reef explosion underwater drilling device:
the reef explosion underwater drilling device comprises a drilling machine, a transverse rail, a longitudinal rail and a sleeve with the length approximately equal to the depth H of a reef, wherein the drilling machine is arranged on the longitudinal rail in a sliding manner, the longitudinal rail is arranged on the transverse rail in a sliding manner, the sleeve is vertically arranged right below the drilling machine, and a drilling rod of the drilling machine can penetrate through the sleeve and downwards move into the reef;
before drilling, according to the actual coordinate data of the drilling and blasting ship in the step two, the horizontal positioning accuracy and the vertical positioning accuracy of the drilling machine are ensured by adjusting the drilling machine in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
when drilling, vertically placing a sleeve with the length approximately equal to the depth H of the reef under a drilling machine, starting the drilling machine, moving the drill rod downwards to reach the surface of the reef after the sleeve is penetrated in the drill rod, and starting drilling until the depth H of the reef reaches the designed depth to finally form a drill hole;
step four, adopting a reef explosion underwater blasting charging structure to charge the drilling hole:
the reef explosion underwater blasting charge structure comprises a counterweight type conduit for charging, wherein the length of the counterweight type conduit is greater than the sum of the reef water depth H and the drilling hole depth H, one end of the counterweight type conduit is used for being inserted into a drilling hole, and the other end of the counterweight type conduit is used for dosing;
before charging, after drilling, pore-forming and slag removing, timely inserting a counterweight type conduit into the sleeve in the third step to be stably embedded into the drill hole, and then removing the sleeve; the pipe orifice of the counterweight type conduit is exposed out of the water surface;
during charging, the explosive column is sequentially connected with a detonator and a detonating tube and then is put to the bottom of a drilled hole along the inner wall of the counterweight type conduit;
after the charging is finished, backfilling a gap between the counterweight type guide pipe and the explosive column by using fine pebbles or gravels and the like as stuffing;
step five, throwing the explosive bag by adopting an underwater exposed blasting charge structure:
the underwater exposed blasting charging structure comprises a dosing boat, a long-arm excavator, an underwater camera for observing the orientation of the reef and a plastic hose, wherein the underwater camera is mounted on a connecting rod of the long-arm excavator, and a rocker on the long-arm excavator is used for controlling the angle of the connecting rod; the lower pipe orifice of the plastic hose is fixed on the connecting rod, and the upper pipe orifice of the plastic hose is positioned on the dosing ship;
before charging, moving a drug administration ship to the upper part of the reef area;
during charging, the angle of a rocker of the long-arm excavator is controlled, the orientation of the reef is observed in real time through an underwater camera arranged at a connecting rod of the long-arm excavator, a lower pipe opening of the plastic hose is aligned to the reef, and an upper pipe opening is temporarily buckled on the drug feeding ship;
connecting the explosive package with a floating ball through a rope, loosely binding the detonating tube on the rope, then firstly enabling the explosive package to enter the plastic hose along the inner wall and directly slide to the top of the reef, removing a fastener at an upper pipe orifice, lifting and controlling a movable arm of the long-arm excavator until the floating ball slides out of a lower pipe orifice of the plastic hose and floats on the water surface;
and step six, collecting and connecting detonating tubes on the water surface to form a detonating network, and displacing the drilling and blasting ship and the dosing ship for detonating.
Preferably, in the step 1, the RTK receiver and the depth finder are respectively arranged on the deck and the bottom of the bow of the survey vessel and are positioned on the same central axis; correspondingly, the survey ship stern RTK receiver and the survey ship stern depthometer are respectively arranged on a deck and a ship bottom of a stern part of the survey ship and are positioned on the same central axis.
Preferably, in the step 3, the reef explosion underwater drilling device comprises an integral bottom plate, the drilling machine is installed on the integral bottom plate, the middle of the integral bottom plate is hollow, two parallel longitudinal rails are arranged on two sides of the long side of the integral bottom plate, and the drilling machine can move along the longitudinal rails.
Preferably, in the step 4, the outer diameter of the counterweight type conduit is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve and the bore, the height of the top of the conduit extends to a position above the water level, the bottom of the conduit is provided with a counterweight, holes and non-woven geotextile, the counterweight is arranged at the bottommost end, the holes are uniformly distributed around the conduit wall, and the non-woven geotextile covers the outermost layer of the bottom of the conduit.
Further, the height of the stuffing is higher than that of the hole, so that the medicine column is prevented from floating.
Preferably, in the step 4, the weighted conduit is inserted into a bore of a reef at the river bottom after penetrating a casing, the detonator is arranged inside the charge column and is arranged at the bottom of the weighted conduit, the detonating tube is connected with the detonator and extends out of the casing, and the filler is used for backfilling a gap between the weighted conduit and the charge column.
Preferably, in the step 5, the underwater camera is installed at the front end of the connecting rod, and the angle is adjustable along with the rocker; the plastic hose is flexibly fixed on the inner side of a movable arm of the long-arm excavator through a fastener, the lower pipe orifice is flush with the front end of the connecting rod, and the upper pipe orifice is detachably buckled on a stern of the chemical dosing ship.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an ecological reef dredging system for river channel improvement, which comprises an underwater terrain accurate measurement system for measuring underwater terrain, a positioning device for positioning a drilling and blasting ship for drilling and blasting, an underwater reef blasting drilling device for drilling underwater, an underwater reef blasting charge structure for charging drilling holes, and an underwater exposed blasting charge structure for releasing charges.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, a set of measuring device is arranged on the bow and the stern of the measuring ship, a three-dimensional coordinate is obtained by utilizing a high-precision GPS-RTK three-dimensional digital measuring technology, the depth of the underwater reef can be accurately measured by combining a depth finder, the tide gauge operation is not needed, and the workload is reduced;
(2) according to the invention, RTK receivers are respectively arranged at the head and the tail of the drilling and blasting ship, the three-dimensional coordinates of the drilling and blasting ship can be dynamically acquired in real time by adopting a carrier phase difference technology, and accurate positioning is realized by comparing the three-dimensional coordinates with the coordinates of a construction datum line;
(3) the integrated bottom plate can realize the integral movement of the rows of drilling machines along the transverse direction of the drilling and blasting ship and the free movement of a single drilling machine along the longitudinal direction of the drilling and blasting ship, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, strong flexibility of drilling and positioning and accurate positioning;
(4) the counterweight type guide pipe can be stably embedded in a drill hole on the basis of the principle of increasing dead weight and reducing buoyancy by soaking, ensures the drilling quality by avoiding the backflow of silt, gravel and the like to block the drill hole, and can be further used as a guide pipe for charging and backfilling, thereby effectively improving the charging efficiency and quality;
(5) the underwater camera improves the accuracy of exposed dosing, and simultaneously plays a role in guiding the exposed dosing by utilizing the plastic hose flexibly fixed along the movable arm of the long-arm excavator, thereby avoiding the influence of water flow on the dosing quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an underwater terrain precise measurement system of a river channel improvement ecological reef dredging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a floor plan view of a positioning apparatus of an explosive ship for a river channel reclamation ecological reef dredging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a positioning apparatus for an explosive drill ship of the river channel improvement ecological reef dredging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a floor plan view of a reef explosion underwater drilling apparatus of a river channel harnessing ecological reef explosion dredging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reef explosion underwater drilling device of the river channel harnessing ecological reef explosion dredging system before drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reef explosion underwater drilling device of a river channel harnessing ecological reef explosion dredging system in drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the reef explosion underwater drilling device of the river channel harnessing ecological reef explosion dredging system after drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reef explosion underwater blasting charge structure of a river channel harnessing ecological reef dredging system before pulling out a sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reef explosion underwater blasting charge structure of the river channel harnessing ecological reef dredging system after pulling out the sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reef explosion underwater blasting charge structure of a river channel harnessing ecological reef dredging system after the charge is backfilled in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a partial schematic view of a reef explosion underwater blasting charge structure of a river channel harnessing ecological reef dredging system after the charge is backfilled in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an underwater bare blasting charge structure of a river channel harnessing ecological reef dredging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a guide ship; 2-a survey vessel; 3-a bow RTK receiver; 4-a bow depth finder; 5-stern RTK receiver; 6-stern sounder; 7-a reference station; 8-main cable; 9-a steel cable; 10-reef; 11-river bank; 12-a first datum point; 13-a second datum point; 14-construction datum line; 15-a drilling machine; 16-a drilling and blasting ship; 17-side cable; 18-sinking the chain; 19-a boat anchor; 20-a monolithic backplane; 21-transverse track; 22-longitudinal rail; 23-a sleeve; 24-a drill rod; 25-drilling; 26-a counter-weight catheter; 27-a grain; 28-detonators; 29-a detonator; 30-a tampon; 31-holes; 32-a dosing boat; 33-a long arm excavator; 34-a rocker; 35-a connecting rod; 36-an underwater camera; 37-plastic hose; 38-pack; 39-a rope; 40-floating ball; 41-fasteners; 42-a boom; 43-weight; 44-a base; 45-counterweight; 46-nonwoven geotextile.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and thus are not to be considered limiting.
It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that a number of one element or element is one in one embodiment, while a number of other elements is one in another embodiment, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
The invention provides a construction method of a river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system, which comprises the following steps,
1) underwater topography measurement
Measuring the underwater topography by adopting an underwater topography accurate measurement system:
as shown in figure 1, before measurement, a reference station (7) is fixed in a flat land area far away from a river bank (11), two main cables (8) of a guide ship (1) are anchored at two sides of the river bank (11) at the upstream of a reef area, a steel cable (9) is connected with a bow part of a downstream measurement ship (2), and the measurement ship (2) is initially moved above a reef (10); the ship bow RTK receiver (3) and the ship stern RTK receiver (5) are in signal butt joint with the reference station (7) through a data communication chain, and the vertical distances between the ship bow RTK receiver (3) and the ship bow depth finder (4) and between the ship stern RTK receiver (5) and the ship stern depth finder (6) are recorded as H0；
During measurement, reading the three-dimensional coordinate of the bow RTK receiver (3) and recording as (X)i，Yi，Zi) The depth of the underwater reef (10) is measured by a bow depth finder (4) and is recorded as HiThe three-dimensional terrain coordinate of the underwater A point position of the ship bow calculated is (X)i，Yi，Zi-Hi) (ii) a Similarly, the three-dimensional terrain coordinate of the underwater B point position of the stern is measured and calculated to be (X)j，Yj，Zj-Hj)；
Then, adjusting the length of the steel cable (9) to move the measuring ship (2) along the longitudinal section of the river channel, repeating the steps, and completing the underwater topography measurement of the longitudinal section; adjusting the length proportion of the two main cables (8) to synchronously move the guide ship (1) and the measuring ship (2) along the transverse section of the river channel, and repeating the steps until the underwater topography measurement of the reef area is completed;
2) positioning and spreading cloth for drilling and blasting ship
Positioning the drilling and blasting ship by adopting a drilling and blasting ship positioning device:
as shown in figures 2-3, before positioning, a reference station (7) is fixed on a flat land area far away from a bank (11) of a reef area, and a first reference point (12) and a second reference point (13) are arranged near the bank (11), wherein the connection line of the first reference point and the second reference point is a construction reference line (14)Measuring the plane coordinates of the first reference point (12) and the second reference point (13), respectively marked as (X)1，Y1) And (X)2，Y2)；
During positioning, according to the measurement result of the previous underwater topography, the drilling and blasting ship (16) provided with a row of drilling machines (15) is moved to the position above the reef (10), the plane coordinates of the bow RTK receiver (3) and the stern RTK receiver (5) are read in real time and are recorded as (X)m，Ym) And (X)n，Yn) Dynamically adjusting the direction of the drilling and blasting ship (16) until the following formula is satisfied:
at the moment, the direction of the drilling and blasting ship (16) is parallel to the construction datum line (14);
and then, one end of each main cable (8) is connected with the bow of the drilling and blasting ship (16), the other end of each main cable is anchored on two sides of the upstream of the river bank (11), one end of each side cable (17) is connected with one side of the ship body of the drilling and blasting ship (16) close to the river bank (11), and the other end of each side cable is anchored on the river bank (11). Finally, one end of each of the two sunken chains (18) is connected to one side of the hull of the drilling and blasting ship (16) away from the river bank (11), and one end provided with a ship anchor (19) is sunk to the water bottom to ensure that the sunken chains (18) are integrally sunk into the water, so that the positioning and the spreading of the drilling and blasting ship are completed;
3) underwater drilling
Utilize and explode reef drilling equipment under water and carry out drilling under water:
as shown in figures 4-7, before drilling, whether the drilling machine (15) needs to be finely adjusted is judged according to the actual coordinate data of the drilling and blasting ship (16). If necessary, the integrated bottom plate (20) can be moved to the position along the transverse rail (21) at one time to ensure the transverse positioning accuracy of the drilling machine (15), and then the position of the single drilling machine (15) is further adjusted along the longitudinal rail (22) to ensure the longitudinal positioning accuracy of the drilling machine (15) and the hole spacing to meet the design requirements;
during drilling, a plurality of reefs with the length approximately equal to the reef depth HDepth of waterThe casing (23) is vertically arranged under the drilling machine (15), the drilling machine (15) is synchronously started, the drill rod (24) passes through the casing (23) and then moves downwards to reach the surface of the reef (10), and drilling is startedUntil the design depth H is reachedDepth of holeFinally forming a plurality of drill holes (25);
4) underwater drilling charging and filling
Adopt explosion reef underwater blasting loaded constitution to drilling powder charge, fill:
as shown in figures 8-11, before charging, after pore-forming and slag removal of the drill hole (25), a counterweight type guide pipe (26) is inserted into the sleeve (23) in time and stably embedded into the drill hole (25), and then the sleeve (23) is pulled out. The length of the counterweight type conduit (26) is preferably larger than the reef water depth HDepth of waterAnd the depth H of the drilled holeDepth of holeAdding the water to make the pipe mouth of the water pipe exposed out of the water surface;
when charging, the explosive column (27) is connected with a detonator (28) and a detonating tube (29) in sequence and then is put down to the bottom of the hole along the inner wall of the counterweight type conduit (26). When the detonator is lowered, the detonator (29) can be loosely bound on the rope to prevent the detonator from being broken;
after the medicine is filled, the gap between the counterweight type guide pipe (26) and the medicine column (27) is backfilled by using fine pebbles or gravels and the like as a filling material (30), and the backfilling height is higher than the hole (31) to ensure that the medicine column (27) is not floated;
5) underwater exposed blasting charge
Adopt the exposed blasting loaded constitution of underwater to put in and expose the cartridge bag:
as shown in fig. 12, before charging, starting the bow RTK receiver (3), measuring the coordinates of the drug delivery ship (32) in real time after the signal of the reference station (7) is docked, and moving the drug delivery ship (32) to be above the reef (10) area;
during charging, controlling the angle of a rocker (34) of the long-arm excavator (33), observing the position of the reef (10) in real time through an underwater camera (36) arranged at a connecting rod (35) of the long-arm excavator (33), aligning a lower pipe orifice of a plastic hose (37) with the reef (10), and temporarily fastening an upper pipe orifice on a stern of a dosing ship (32);
when the medicine package (38) is put on the flat reef (10), the medicine package (38) is connected with a floating ball (40) through a rope (39), the detonating tube (29) is loosely bound on the rope (39), then the medicine package (38) is firstly inserted into the plastic hose (37) and directly slides to the top of the reef (10) along the inner wall, a fastener (41) at the upper pipe opening is removed, and a movable arm (42) is lifted until the floating ball (40) slides out of the lower pipe opening of the plastic hose (37) and floats on the water surface;
when the medicine package (38) is put on the protruded or isolated reef (10), two ends of the medicine package (38) are respectively connected with the floating ball (40) and the heavy block (43) with approximately equal mass through the rope (39), the detonating tube (29) is loosely bound on the rope (39), then the heavy block (43) slides along the inner wall of the plastic hose (37), the heavy block (43) and the medicine package (38) are lapped on two sides of the reef (10), the fastener (41) at the upper pipe opening is removed, and the movable arm (42) is lifted until the floating ball (40) slides out of the lower pipe opening of the plastic hose (37) and floats on the water surface.
6) Finally, detonating pipes (29) are connected on the water surface in a gathering manner to form a detonating network, and the drilling and blasting ship (16) and the dosing ship (32) are shifted to detonate.
The river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system respectively completes underwater topography measurement, drilling and blasting ship positioning, underwater drilling, charging backfill and underwater exposed charging of the reef dredging engineering through the underwater topography precise measurement system, the drilling and blasting ship positioning device, the reef explosion underwater drilling device, the reef explosion underwater charging structure and the underwater exposed blasting charging structure, so that the river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system has the characteristics of high underwater topography measurement precision, less workload, accurate drilling and drilling positioning, good hole forming effect, high charging quality and efficiency and the like.
In step 1), the underwater topography precise measurement system comprises:
the device comprises a guide ship (1), a measuring ship (2), a bow RTK receiver (3), a bow depth finder (4), a stern RTK receiver (5), a stern depth finder (6), a reference station (7), a main cable (8), a steel cable (9), reefs (10) and a river bank (11);
wherein the bow of the guide ship (1) is anchored at two sides of an upstream river bank (10) through two main cables (8), and the stern pulls the downstream measuring ship (2) through a steel cable (9); the deck and the bottom of the bow part of the survey vessel (2) are respectively provided with a bow RTK receiver (3) and a bow depth finder (4), and the deck and the bottom of the stern part of the ship are respectively provided with a stern RTK receiver (5) and a stern depth finder (6); the reference station (7) is arranged on a flat ground far away from the river bank (11).
In step 2), the positioning device for the drilling and blasting ship comprises:
the device comprises a drilling and blasting ship (16), a bow RTK receiver (3), a stern RTK receiver (5), a first datum point (12), a second datum point (13), a construction datum line (14), a datum station (7), a main cable (8), a side cable (17), a sinking chain (18), reefs (10) and a river bank (11);
the drilling and blasting ship comprises a drilling and blasting ship (16), wherein a bow RTK receiver (3) and a stern RTK receiver (5) are arranged at the head and the tail of the drilling and blasting ship respectively, the bow is anchored at the two sides of the upstream of a river bank (11) through two main cables (8), two side cables (17) and two sinking chains (18) are arranged at the two sides of a ship body respectively, a first datum point (12) and a second datum point (13) form a construction datum line (14), and a datum station (7) is arranged on a flat ground far away from the river bank (11).
In step 3), the reef explosion underwater drilling device comprises:
the drilling and blasting device comprises a drilling and blasting ship (16), a drilling machine (15), a drill rod (24), an integral bottom plate (20), a transverse rail (21), a base (44), a longitudinal rail (22) and a sleeve (23);
wherein a row of drilling rigs (15) is arranged on one side of the hull of the drilling and blasting vessel (16), the drilling rigs (15) are located on the base (44) which can move along the longitudinal direction of the integrated bottom plate (20), and the integrated bottom plate (20) can move along a transverse rail (21).
In step 4), the underwater blasting explosive charge structure for reef explosion comprises:
the drilling and blasting device comprises a drilling and blasting ship (16), a sleeve (23), a counterweight type guide pipe (26), a drill hole (25), a explosive column (27), a detonator (28), a detonating tube (29) and a stuffing (30);
wherein wear in weighted pipe (26) imbed river bed reef (10) behind sleeve pipe (23) in drilling (25), detonator (28) are established inside powder column (27), place in together in weighted pipe (26) bottom, detonator (29) are connected detonator (28) and upwards extend to outside sleeve pipe (23) the pipe, packing (30) are used for backfilling gap between weighted pipe (26) and powder column (27).
In step 5), the underwater bare blasting charge structure comprises:
a medicine feeding boat (32), a long-arm excavator (33), an underwater camera (36), a plastic hose (37), a medicine bag (38), a weight (43) and a floating ball (40);
the chemical dosing boat (32) is in signal butt joint positioning through a bow RTK receiver (3) and a reference station (7), after positioning, a main cable (8), a side cable (17) and a sink chain (18) with a boat anchor (19) at the bottom end are adopted for anchoring, an underwater camera (36) replaces a bucket of a long-arm excavator (33) and is installed at a connecting rod (35) at the foremost end, the angle is adjustable along with a rocker (34), a plastic hose (37) is flexibly fixed on the inner side of a movable arm (142) of the long-arm excavator (33) through a fastener (41), a lower pipe opening is flush with the connecting rod (35), and an upper pipe opening can be fastened on a stern of the chemical dosing boat (32).
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The construction method of the river channel regulation ecological reef dredging system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, measuring an underwater topography by adopting an underwater topography accurate measurement system:
the underwater topography accurate measurement system comprises a reference station (7) arranged on a river bank (11), a guide ship (1), a measurement ship (2), a measurement ship bow RTK receiver, a measurement ship bow depth finder, a measurement ship stern RTK receiver, a measurement ship stern depth finder, a main cable (8) and a steel cable (9); the guide ship (1) is provided with two main cables (8), and the main cables (8) are respectively anchored on two side banks (11) at the upstream; the measuring vessel (2) is connected with the guide vessel (1) through the steel cable (9); the RTK receiver is arranged at the upper end of the bow of the measuring ship (2), the RTK receiver is arranged at the bottom end of the bow of the measuring ship (2), the RTK receiver is arranged at the upper end of the stern of the measuring ship (2), and the RTK receiver is arranged at the bottom end of the stern of the measuring ship (2);
before measurement, a reference station (7) is fixed on a river bank (11), two main cables (8) of a guide ship (1) are respectively anchored on the river banks (11) on two sides of the upstream, a bow part of a downstream measuring ship (2) is connected through a steel cable (9), and the measuring ship (2) is moved to the position above a reef area; the RTK receiver on the bow of the measuring ship and the RTK receiver on the stern of the measuring ship are in butt joint with the signal of the reference station (7) through a data communication chain;
during measurement, reading the three-dimensional coordinate of the bow RTK receiver of the measuring ship and recording as (X)i，Yi，Zi) Measuring the depth from the underwater reef (10) by a measuring ship bow depth finder, recording as Hi, and calculating to obtain the three-dimensional terrain coordinate (X) of the point position of the ship bow underwater reef area Ai，Yi，Zi-Hi) (ii) a Similarly, the three-dimensional terrain coordinate of the B point position of the ship stern underwater reef area is measured and calculated to be (X)j，Yj，Zj-Hj)；
Adjusting the length of the steel cable (9) to move the measuring ship (2) along the longitudinal section of the river channel, and repeating the steps to finish the underwater topography measurement of the corresponding longitudinal section; adjusting the length proportion of the two main cables (8) to synchronously move the guide ship (1) and the measuring ship (2) along the transverse section of the river channel, and repeating the steps until the underwater topography measurement of the reef area is completed;
step two, positioning the drilling and blasting ship by adopting a drilling and blasting ship positioning device:
the drilling and blasting ship positioning device comprises a drilling machine (15), a drilling and blasting ship (16), a drilling and blasting ship bow RTK receiver, a drilling and blasting ship stern RTK receiver, a main cable (8), a side cable (17), a sink chain (18), a reference station (7) and a construction reference line (14), wherein the drilling machine (15) is arranged on the drilling and blasting ship (16), the drilling and blasting ship bow RTK receiver is arranged at the bow of the drilling and blasting ship (16), and the drilling and blasting ship stern RTK receiver is arranged at the stern of the drilling and blasting ship (16); the reference station (7) is arranged on a river bank (11); the construction datum line (14) is arranged on a river bank (11); the main cable (8), the side cable (17) and the sinking chain (18) are used for positioning a drilling and blasting ship (16);
before positioning, a reference station (7) is fixed on a river bank (11) far away from a reef area, a first reference point (12) and a second reference point (13) are arranged near the river bank (11), the connection line of the first reference point (12) and the second reference point (13) is a construction reference line (14), and plane coordinates of the first reference point (12) and the second reference point (13) are measured and determined and are respectively marked as (X)1，Y1) And (X)2，Y2)；
During positioning, moving the drilling and blasting ship (16) provided with the drilling machine (15) to the position above the reef (10) according to the underwater terrain measurement result obtained in the first step, reading plane coordinates of a bow RTK receiver of the drilling and blasting ship and a stern RTK receiver of the drilling and blasting ship in real time, recording the plane coordinates as (Xm, Ym) and (Xn, Yn), and dynamically adjusting the direction of the drilling and blasting ship (16) until the following formula is met:
at the moment, the direction of the drilling and blasting ship (16) is parallel to the construction datum line (14);
then, one end of each main cable (8) is connected with the bow of the drilling and blasting ship (16), the other end of each main cable is anchored on the two upstream side banks (11), one end of each side cable (17) is connected with one side of the ship body of the drilling and blasting ship (16) close to the corresponding bank (11), and the other end of each side cable is anchored on the corresponding bank (11); one end of each of the two sinking chains (18) is connected to one side of the hull of the drilling and blasting ship (16) away from the river bank (11), and one end provided with a ship anchor (19) sinks into the water bottom to complete the positioning and the spreading of the drilling and blasting ship;
thirdly, underwater drilling is carried out by using the reef explosion underwater drilling device:
the reef explosion underwater drilling device comprises a drilling machine (15), a transverse rail (21), a longitudinal rail (22) and a sleeve (23) with the length approximately equal to the depth H of a reef, wherein the drilling machine (15) is arranged on the longitudinal rail (22) in a sliding manner, the longitudinal rail (22) is arranged on the transverse rail (21) in a sliding manner, the sleeve (23) is vertically arranged under the drilling machine (15), and a drill rod (24) of the drilling machine (15) can penetrate through the sleeve and move downwards to penetrate into the interior of the reef;
before drilling, according to the actual coordinate data of the drilling and blasting ship (16) in the step two, the horizontal positioning accuracy and the longitudinal positioning accuracy of the drilling machine (15) are ensured by adjusting the drilling machine (15) in the horizontal direction and the longitudinal direction;
when drilling, vertically placing a sleeve (23) with the length approximately equal to the depth H of the reef under the drilling machine (15), starting the drilling machine (15), penetrating the sleeve (23) in a drill rod (24), then moving downwards until reaching the surface of the reef (10), starting drilling until reaching the designed depth H, and finally forming a drill hole (25);
step four, adopting a reef explosion underwater blasting charging structure to charge the drilling hole:
the reef explosion underwater blasting charging structure comprises a counterweight type conduit (26) for charging, wherein the length of the counterweight type conduit (26) is greater than the sum of the reef water depth H and the drilling hole depth H, one end of the counterweight type conduit (26) is used for being inserted into a drilling hole, and the other end of the counterweight type conduit (26) is used for dosing;
before charging, after the hole forming and slag removal of the drill hole (25), a counterweight type guide pipe (26) is timely inserted into the sleeve (23) in the third step and is stably embedded into the drill hole (25), and then the sleeve (23) is removed; the orifice of the counterweight type conduit (26) is exposed out of the water surface;
when charging, the explosive column (27) is connected with a detonator (28) and a detonating tube (29) in sequence and then is lowered to the bottom of the drill hole (25) along the inner wall of the counterweight type conduit (26);
after the charging is finished, backfilling a gap between the counterweight type guide pipe (26) and the explosive column (27) by using fine-grained pebbles or gravels as stuffing (30);
step five, throwing the explosive bag by adopting an underwater exposed blasting charge structure:
the underwater exposed blasting charging structure comprises a dosing boat (32), a long-arm excavator (33), an underwater camera (36) for observing the orientation of the reef (10) and a plastic hose (37), wherein the underwater camera (36) is installed on a connecting rod of the long-arm excavator (33), and a rocker on the long-arm excavator (33) is used for controlling the angle of the connecting rod; the lower pipe orifice of the plastic hose (37) is fixed on the connecting rod, and the upper pipe orifice of the plastic hose is positioned on the administration ship (32);
before charging, the drug administration boat (32) is moved to the upper part of the reef (10) area;
during charging, controlling the angle of a rocker (34) of the long-arm excavator (33), observing the position of the reef (10) in real time through an underwater camera (36) arranged at a connecting rod (35) of the long-arm excavator (33), aligning a lower pipe orifice of a plastic hose (37) with the reef (10), and temporarily fastening an upper pipe orifice on a dosing boat (32);
connecting the explosive package (38) with a floating ball (40) through a rope (39), loosely binding the detonating tube (29) on the rope (39), then firstly enabling the explosive package (38) to enter a plastic hose (37) along the inner wall to directly slide to the top of the reef (10), removing a fastener (41) at an upper pipe opening, and lifting a movable arm (42) controlling the long-arm excavator (33) until the floating ball (40) slides out of a lower pipe opening of the plastic hose (37) and floats on the water surface;
and step six, collecting and connecting detonating tubes (29) on the water surface to form a detonating network, and displacing the drilling and blasting ship (16) and the dosing ship (32) for detonating.
2. The method for constructing a river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the RTK receiver of the measuring ship bow is arranged on a deck of the bow part of the measuring ship (2), and the RTK receiver of the measuring ship bow is arranged at the bottom of the bow part of the measuring ship (2) and is positioned on the same central axis; correspondingly, the survey ship stern RTK receiver and the survey ship stern depth finder are respectively arranged on a deck and a ship bottom of a stern part of the survey ship (2) and are positioned on the same central axis.
3. The method for constructing a river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the middle of step 3, still include integral bottom plate among the drilling equipment under the reef explosion water, fretwork in the middle part of the integral bottom plate, vertical rail mounting is on two long edges of integral bottom plate, integral bottom plate mounting is in on the transverse rail, the rig can be installed on vertical rail along the movable installation of longitudinal rail.
4. The method for constructing a river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the outer diameter of the counterweight type conduit (26) is smaller than the inner diameters of the sleeve (23) and the drill hole (25), the height of the top of the conduit extends to a position above the water surface, the bottom of the conduit is provided with a counterweight (45), holes (31) and non-woven geotextile (46), the counterweight (45) is arranged at the bottommost end, the holes (31) are uniformly distributed around the conduit wall, and the non-woven geotextile (46) is coated on the outermost layer of the bottom of the conduit.
5. The method for constructing the river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the height of the stuffing (30) is higher than that of the hole (31) and is used for ensuring that the explosive column (27) cannot float.
6. The method for constructing a river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, the weighted conduit (26) is internally provided with a sleeve (23) and then is embedded into a drill hole (25) of the river bottom reef (10), the detonator (28) is arranged inside the charge column (27) and is arranged at the bottom of the weighted conduit (26), the detonator (29) is connected with the detonator (28) and extends upwards to the outside of the sleeve (23), and the stuffing (30) is used for backfilling a gap between the weighted conduit (26) and the charge column (27).
7. The method for constructing a river channel renovation ecological reef dredging system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, the underwater camera (36) is arranged at the front end of the connecting rod, and the angle is adjustable along with the rocker (34); the plastic hose (37) is flexibly fixed on the inner side of a movable arm (42) of the long-arm excavator through a fastener (41), a lower pipe orifice is flush with the front end of the connecting rod (35), and an upper pipe orifice is detachably buckled on a stern of the chemical dosing ship.
8. A river channel-remediating ecological reef dredging system constructed by the method for constructing a river channel-remediating ecological reef dredging system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN110186440B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-07-02 | 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Dynamic monitoring method for tidal river reach channel renovation project |
| CN113218264A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-06 | 广西新港湾工程有限公司 | Safe construction method for water transport engineering network |
| CN113622896B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2024-05-28 | 中铁大桥科学研究院有限公司 | Digital identification method and device for deep and ultra-long pile drilling data of cable-stayed bridge |
| CN114877769A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-08-09 | 广西桂物***工程有限公司 | Offshore bank underwater slope bedrock blasting excavation construction method and blasting charge structure |
| CN115478782A (en) * | 2022-09-10 | 2022-12-16 | 长江三峡通航管理局 | Inland waterway double-ship flexible tandem reef explosion construction method |
| CN115790302B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-08-15 | 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Underwater blasting construction method for embedded open caisson deep water foundation |
| CN116123952B (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-07-18 | 中铁四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Underwater blasting construction method for embedded open caisson deep water foundation |
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