CN1096480A - 连续制造带有一个外表基本光滑的部分的组合管道的方法和设备 - Google Patents

连续制造带有一个外表基本光滑的部分的组合管道的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1096480A
CN1096480A CN93121112A CN93121112A CN1096480A CN 1096480 A CN1096480 A CN 1096480A CN 93121112 A CN93121112 A CN 93121112A CN 93121112 A CN93121112 A CN 93121112A CN 1096480 A CN1096480 A CN 1096480A
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outer tube
interior pipe
cover joint
pipe
compensated cavity
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CN1042712C (zh
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拉尔夫·彼得·海格勒
威尔海姆·海格勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B29D99/0014—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings provided with ridges or ribs, e.g. joined ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0015—Making articles of indefinite length, e.g. corrugated tubes
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0011—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with compression moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/002—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with surface shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/22—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers with means connecting the layers, e.g. tie layers or undercuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0015—Making articles of indefinite length, e.g. corrugated tubes
    • B29C49/0025—Making articles of indefinite length, e.g. corrugated tubes subsequent mould cavities being different, e.g. for making bells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/18—Pleated or corrugated hoses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/18—Pleated or corrugated hoses
    • B29L2023/183—Pleated or corrugated hoses partially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

用于连续制造一种具有基本平滑的外表的部分 一套节(46)一组合管，所述组合管包括一个平滑的内 管(45)及一个配有横向环槽并与内管(45)熔接在一 起的外管(42)，外管(41)和内管(43)被挤压成型，并 且后者被压入外管(41)中。在外表基本平滑的部分 —套节(46)一被制造的同时，套节(46)的外壁(52)所 受压力由补偿腔(49)降低。

Description

本发明涉及一种连续制造带有外表基本平滑的部分的组合管道的方法及一种实施这种方法的设备，所述组合管道包括一个平滑内管和一个外管，所述外管带有横向环槽并与上述内管熔接在一起。
从EP0385465A2中可知属于这种类型的一种方法，其中用于制造外表光滑的那部分管的挤压速度降低，以期使壁厚增加，该部分上形成套节，或者将其扩口后形成套管。
由于EP0385465A2中已知的制造技术引起许多问题，于是人们选用DE9111628U1中的技术，即通过注模法分别制造套节和套管并用注模或熔接与组合管相连。
从EP0271598A2中可知用一种塑性变形的方法来连接用注模法制造的套管和所述的组合管。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种连续制造带有外表基本平滑的部分的组合管道的方法并提供将上述方法付诸实践的设备，所述组合管包括一个平滑的内管和一个带有横向环槽并与内管熔接在一起的外管，当相应地施加压力时，所述内管和外管被整个地熔接在一起，而管子不受损害。
本发明的上述目的可在由权利要求1限定的方法下实现。由于外壁也平滑的所述部分在某些地方压力降低，多余的熔融体可从这些地方排出，因此可防止在将内管和外管熔接在一起时出现会导致所述部分损坏的过高压力。用上述方法制造的这个部分接下来加宽以形成套管或者如果需要的话，用作套节。为了一方面可形成压力降低同时另一方面用于熔接过程的所必需的压力得以保持，所述压力降低的地方相对较小。
上述目的还可由权利要求3限定的特性实现。由于多余的熔融体可排入补偿腔，因而可防止压紧辊及管道被用于校准和调节温度的承口损坏。
更多的有利特性将从所附权利要求中显而易见。
本发明进一步的特性、细节和优点将随着对附图中的最佳典型实施例的说明而变得显而易见，其中：
图1是用于生产组合塑性管道的设备的平面图;
图2是用于制造组合管道上的套节的带有一凹陷部分的设备的垂直局部剖视图;
图3是一个组合装置，其中的套节被连续制造;
图4是一个带套管的管道与一个波纹组合管之间的管道连接图;
图5是一个带管道套管的组合管道与一个管壁平滑的硬管之间的管道联接图。
如图1所示，用于生产带横向环槽的塑性组合管的设备包括机床身1，其上设置有对开壳体2，2′，它们在两个所谓的链条3，3′中被分别地连接在一起。为了达到上述连接，通过联接螺栓6将鱼尾板5与每个对开壳体2，2′在其外部区中连接并位于相对于制造方向4的下游，同样借助于另一个联接螺栓6，将每个鱼尾板5在相应位置处连接到后续的对开壳体2，2′上。由此形成的链条3，3′，在它们相对于制造方向4的后端被引导绕过偏转轮，该偏转轮可充当所谓的给进辊7。由于链条3，3′沿箭头8，8′所示方向上的转动，所述各个对开的壳体2，2′被转进一条模塑通道9。在此通道9中，两个对开壳体2，2′被暂时连接成一个对开壳体对，使得连续的一系列对开壳体对在制造方向4上相互对接。为了做到快速地将对开的壳体2，2′平行且相连地闭合，设置有所谓的闭合辊10，它可相对制造方向4以加速的方式将对开壳体2，2′的后端组合在一起。
在所述模塑通道9自身上，相互对接的对开壳体2，2′由导向辊11压靠在一起，该导向辊被安装在导向轨道12上并且可转动。给进辊7安装在机床身1上，可围绕带轴承的轴13转动。在机床身1的前端，沿制造方向4看过去，装有同样用作偏转轮的返回辊14，它可围绕带轴承的轴15转动，环绕返回辊，链条3，3′被偏转并返回到给进辊7。从图1中可知，带有导向辊11的导向轨道12在到达返回辊14之前终止在几个对开壳体2，2′所具有的长度处，因此，在这些对开壳体2，2′被引导绕过返回辊14之前，可被沿横向于制造方向4的方向彼此分开并同时保持彼此平行。
在对开壳体2，2′的上侧设置有一组齿16，对开壳体2，2′的两组齿16设置成对接状态且可相互配合，从而一个联动的小齿轮17可在齿16上方与其啮合并沿模塑通道9推动对开壳体2，2′，就象一个闭合的模子一样。上述小齿轮17以一种惯用的方式被驱动，即通过一台电机（图中未示出）带动固定地安装在轴19上的齿轮18，接着轴19再带动小齿轮17。轴19安装在轴承座20中，该轴承座通过间隔件21与机床身1分开并由螺钉22牢固固定在机床身1上。
在上述设备中，所生产的塑料管23（即所谓的组合管）除其它特征外，还包括横剖面特征，即沿其周围带有环槽24。
下面将对管23作更详尽的描述。为了这个目的，图中示出了一台挤压机，它只有喷射头25表示在图中，该喷射头也将在下文中被加以详述。上述设备是公知的，例如可参阅EP-A0065729（对应于U.S.4492511）及DE4021564A1。
图2进一步表示出，伸入模塑通道9的喷嘴体27配置在喷射头25上，与喷射头25及模塑通道9的公共中心纵轴26同轴，喷嘴体27上配置有一个外侧通道28及一个内侧通道29。外侧通道28的端部是一个外喷嘴30，内侧通道29的端部是内喷嘴31。由于在外侧可分别限定相应喷嘴30或31的喷嘴环32通过一个喷嘴环螺母33可分别在轴26的方向上或制造方向4上调整，因而外喷嘴30的宽度a和内喷嘴的宽度b可随时调整。喷嘴环螺母33在喷嘴体27上的一条相应的螺线34上可随时调整。
沿制造方向4上一个用于校准且调温的承口35接在喷嘴体27之后。所述承口35带有一个基本上为圆柱形的校准圆柱体36，该圆柱体也以普通的方式配置成与轴26同轴，用于校准的圆柱体36安置在调温的圆柱体37上。在调温的圆柱体37的外侧，即在校准圆柱体36的内侧形成一条调温的通道38，通过该通道可将一种调温介质，即一种冷却介质或一种加热介质导入。
从图2中可知，在对开壳体上开有环状模塑凹槽39，图2中只表示出对开壳体2，图中模塑凹槽39以一种可知的方式与部分真空的通道40相接。
由挤压机通过喷射头25提供的塑料的熔融体通过外侧通道28部分地流入外喷嘴30，由此外管41被挤压成形，由于部分真空，所述外管流入模塑凹槽39，由此形成一个带横向环槽24的管子。经过相应的冷却和矫正，上述管子形成管23的波纹状外管42。
另一部分熔融体经内侧通道29流向内喷嘴31，并由此流出形成另一个管，即一个内管43，所述内管位于校准圆柱体36之上。在制造方向4上从内喷嘴31起，校准圆柱体36稍向外加宽一直到内管43靠在外管41的波状槽44上为止，内管43在此处与波形槽熔接在一起。内管43一旦经冷却并矫正后便形成组合管23的内管45。
从图2可知，对开壳体2，2′具有特定的配置从而在所有情况下，在连续制造的组合管23上的预定间隔处可形成所谓的套节46。为此在一对对开壳体2，2′上形成一个带有一基本为圆筒状围壁48的主要是圆筒形的套节凹槽47。这里不要求套节46沿制造方向4必然地遍布一对对开壳体2，2′的整个长度;它也可仅分布在所述对半壳体的部分长度上。这意味着圆筒状围壁48的直径D比较准圆柱体36的直径d增大2倍的欲制造套节46的壁厚e。在这种情况下，仅通过将两段管子41，43在校准圆柱体36与套节凹槽47的围壁48之间挤压在一起，而将外管41和内管43熔接在一起。通过适当地启动驱动小齿轮17的电机使模具的速度降低，从而使到达套节46的欲制造管子23的每单位长度的熔融体多于用于制造带环槽24的组合管23的熔融体，这样套节46的壁厚c大于外管42的壁厚e与内管45的壁厚f之和。为了防止在制造套节46的过程中由于挤压机造成的误差而使熔融体在校准圆柱体36和围壁48之间被挤压在一起，在相应的对半壳体2，2′的圆筒状围壁48上形成有形状为小环的补偿腔49，补偿腔49通向真空狭缝50，所述真空狭缝在任何情况下与一个部分真空的通道40相连。这是指补偿腔49一方面与套节模塑空间51相通，用以形成套节46;另一方面与一条部分真空的通道40相连。不必用于填充套节模塑空间51的多余的熔融体可排入这些补偿腔49内，由此不会危害套节46。由于所述套节模塑空间的压力过高而使熔融体和校准圆柱体36之间的摩擦力变得过大也可能会发生上述危害。由于补偿腔49与部分真空的通道40相接，多余的熔融体实际上可进入部分真空的通道40中。从围壁48向远离轴线26的方向径向量测到的补偿腔49的深度g，以及沿制造方向4量测到的补偿腔49的宽度h基本上取决于熔融体的流变特性，而熔融体的流变特性主要取决于其粘性。补偿腔49的尺寸一方面取决于熔接内管45和外管41所必需的压力，同时又不必补偿在套节模塑空间51中由可能多余的熔融体所产生的过高的压力。补偿腔49沿制造方向4的宽度h与真空狭缝50沿同一方向的宽度i相比，其关系为：h≤2i。所述补偿腔也可平行轴线26伸展，但是另外它们也可与所述部分真空的通道尺寸相同并相连。
由图3可知，补偿腔49产生如下事实，即套节46的外壁52上具有小的周向伸展的肋状凸起53，它们的尺寸最大限度地与补充腔49的尺寸相对应。在本文中应该注意到真空狭缝50的宽度非常小以致熔融体不能进入其中。从图3中还可看到，凸起53沿制造方向4的反方向变得愈来愈大，愈来愈宽。这是由下述情况引起的，即不是所有的多余熔融体从起始处全部被压入补偿腔49，而是在制造方向4的反方向上会被部分节流，因此随着套节成形的进展，相对多余的熔融体增多，其结果是更多的溶融体被压入或排入补偿腔49中。
另外图3示出渐变段54的一部分，在相对制造方向4的前部在组合管23的渐变段处在套节46上形成凹槽24。渐变段54的上述部分由两个锯痕55，56分开。因此由渐变段54的上述部分形成的短管部分被切断。
图3中套管57用点划线表示，它是由在渐变段54的上述部分分离后设置套节46而形成的，套管57在其外部也具有凸起53。套管57具有一个粗大的内部凹槽58用以安放一个密封环。套管57的圆柱状内壁59的内直径D′大致等于或稍小于带环槽24的管23的外直径d′。从图3可知，由于套节的放入，特别是由于内部凹槽58的成形，套管57的轴向长度l小于套节46的轴向长度L′。
图4表示两段管23的内接，其中模塑的套管57按照图3所描述的方式和方法制造，即套管57被推越带环槽24且具有波状外管42及平滑内管45的管23。将密封垫60放入凹槽44。与之相反，图5表示一个以所述方法制造的带套管57的组合管23，所述组合管被推到光壁硬管61上或管子的一部分为硬管形式的部分上。为此密封垫62被安放在内部凹槽58中，所述密封垫以一种密封的方式靠在硬管61的光滑的圆柱形外壁63上。

Claims (7)

1、一种用于连续制造具有一个外表基本平滑的套节(46)部分的组合管(23)的方法，组合管(23)包括平滑的内管(45)和具有横向环槽(24)的外管(42)，外管(42)与内管(45)熔接在一起，该方法包括以下步骤：
-挤压成形外管(41)；
一通过一个从外部施加的部分真空，使外管(41)具有带横向环槽(24)的波纹形状；
-将内管(43)挤压进外管(41)中；
-将内管(43)压靠在外管(41)的波状凹槽(44)上，在此处内管(43)与外管(41)熔接在一起；
-通过从外部施加的部分真空，外管(41)以预定间隔成形一个围壁基本平滑、大致为圆柱形的部分一套节(46)；
-内管(43)从其内部加压，使它的全部外表面贴靠在外管(41)上；
-在大致为圆柱状的部分一套节(46)的附近，外管(41)的外壁(52)在小的表面区段中被卸压。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：外壁（52）在环状区域内所受压力降低。
3、一种实施根据权利要求1或2所述的方法的设备，包括：
-具有环状模塑凹槽（39）的对开壳体（2，2′），它们设置在机床身（1）上从而可在环路及制造方向（4）上被引导，并且上述的对开壳体可在一条模塑通道（9）上一次两个地组合成一个具有一个中心纵轴（26）的模子，
-与位于对开壳体（2，2′）上的部分真空的通道（40）相接的模塑凹槽（39），
-配置在模塑通道（19）的上游的挤压机的喷射头（25），
-配置在喷射头（25）上用于挤出外管（41）的外喷嘴（30）;并且沿制造方向（4）在其下游配有一用于挤出内管（43）的内喷嘴（31），同时在其后端沿制造方向（4）配有一个用于校准且调温的承口（35），所述承口还配有一个校准圆柱体（36），
-配置在至少一对对开壳体（2，2′）上且具有基本为圆柱形围壁（48）的套节凹槽（47），
所述设备的特征在于，在基本为圆柱形的围壁（48）上成形有补偿腔（49）。
4、根据权利要求3所述设备，其特征在于：补偿腔（49）呈环状，这些环被配置成与中心纵轴（26）同轴。
5、根据权利要求3或4所述的设备，其特征在于：补偿腔（49）与部分真空的通道（40）相通。
6、根据权利要求5所述设备，其特征在于：补偿腔（49）通过真空狭缝（50）与部分真空的通道（40）相通。
7、根据权利要求6所述设备，其特征在于：补偿腔（49）沿制造方向（4）的宽度（h）与沿同一方向（4）的真空狭缝（50）的宽度（i）相比，其关系为：h≤2i。
CN93121112A 1992-12-01 1993-11-30 连续制造带有一个外表基本光滑的部分的组合管道的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1042712C (zh)

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