CN109648089A - 高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法 - Google Patents

高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN109648089A
CN109648089A CN201811634456.8A CN201811634456A CN109648089A CN 109648089 A CN109648089 A CN 109648089A CN 201811634456 A CN201811634456 A CN 201811634456A CN 109648089 A CN109648089 A CN 109648089A
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valve seating
powder metallurgy
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樊宝军
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YIZHENG CHANGDA POWDER METALLURGY PRODUCT CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于冶金技术领域，具体涉及一种高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，原料是水雾化方法制取的含化合碳的预合金粉末。预合金粉末经压制、烧结，制得预烧结坯。在700‑1050℃下加热3‑5分钟，然后放入预热至200‑300℃的模具中，在奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态下进行热复压，制得适合高速发动机配套需要的粉末冶金气门座。本发明气门座密度达到7.6g/cm3以上，硬度达到HRC40以上，压溃强度达到800N/mm2以上，具有均匀分布的Ni、Co等合金元素和显微硬度较高的（Fe、Cr、Mo）3C碳化物，既耐磨、耐热又耐冲击，特别适合高速汽车发动机气门座的工作环境。

Description

高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域，将予合金化粉末进行压制、烧结和机加工，制得汽车零部件的冶金领域。
背景技术
气门座是汽车发动机配气机构中的重要部件，它与气门组成一对重要密封磨擦付，发动机工作时，气门座受到气门冲击，高温(530～870℃)燃烧气体的冲刷、腐蚀、以及燃烧产物、空气中灰尘的磨损，另外还受到热冷应力交替作用，它极易产生变形、烧损，甚至是断裂，因此不但要求气门座材料耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗高温，还要求一定径向压溃强度。
发动机气门和气门座处于严酷的热力，化学和机械力状况下工作，其承受着高应力(发动机最高燃烧压力可达20MPa)、高工作温度(气门头至平面中心达870℃)和腐蚀环境(高温燃气侵蚀、硫化)腐蚀和氧化作用。为了解决上述问题，除了改进发动机阀系配置设计外，主要的是改进材料和生产工艺。粉末冶金工艺生产的各种材料气门座正在取代铸造工艺生产的气门座。
根据上述气门座的工作环境，为保证其工作可靠性和使用寿命，在不同的工作环境和燃用不同的燃料的情况下，必须尽快开发研究新材料和新工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，预先制备包含碳在内的预合金化粉末冶金。同时，在奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态进行热复压。本发明气门座在发动机中具有优异的耐磨、耐热性能和足够的使用寿命。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案是，高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料采用水雾化方法制备，在水雾化制粉时将碳加入合金中，制得含化合碳的铁基预合金粉末，其化学成分为(wt％)：C:1.0～2.0％、Cr:5.3～8.0％、Mo:2.5～3.5％、Ni:1.5～2.5％、Co:3.6～5.8％、Mn:≤0.5％、硬脂酸锌:0～1％，余量为Fe；
(2)含化合碳的铁基预合金粉末经过600-800Mpa压力压制；之后在1100-1150℃中性气氛中烧结35-50分钟，制得预烧结坯；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的预烧结坯放在含3wt％石墨的酒精溶液中浸渍1-2分钟，在700-1050℃下加热3-5分钟；
(4)将模具预热至200-300℃，然后将加热至700-1050℃的预烧结坯置于模具中，在奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态下进行复压，复压压力为600-800Mpa，制得高密度粉末冶金气门座，高密度粉末冶金气门座密度大于7.6g/cm3。
优选的，所述步骤(3)的加热装置采用电阻丝加热，氮气保护，预烧结坯连续移动的加热炉。
优选的，所述高密度粉末冶金气门座的硬度HRC≥40，压溃强度≥800N/mm2。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
第一，本发明在雾化制粉时即将碳加入合金中，制得含化合碳的铁基预合金粉末，其化学成分为(wt％)：C:1.0～2.0％、Cr:5.3～8.0％、Mo:2.5～3.5％、Ni:1.5～2.5％、Co:3.6～5.8％、Mn:≤0.5％、硬脂酸锌:0～1％，余量为Fe；预合金化可在金属元素能够均匀分布于合金中，有利提高物理机械性能，特别是Ni、Co等元素在合金中的弥散分布有利提高合金的韧性和耐热性能。而碳在制粉时加入，则有利形成(Fe、Cr、Mo)3C，具有较高的显微硬度：HV800-1000，有利提高合金的耐磨性能。
第二，合金粉末含有化合碳，使粉末颗粒***，成形性大大下降，为了得到高密度粉末冶金气门座，本发明采用了奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态下热复压工艺。即将含碳预合金粉末以600-800Mpa压力压制，在1100-1150℃中性气氛中烧结35-50分钟制得预烧结坯。将预烧结坯放在含3wt％石墨的酒精溶液中浸渍1-2分钟取出放入电阻丝炉加热，氮气保护，预烧结坯可连续移动在加热炉中，在700-1050℃下加热3-5分钟。由于加热时间短，合金仍保持奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态。在该温度下以600-800Mpa压力进行再压制。即可获得密度≥7.6g/cm3，硬度≥HRC40的粉末冶金气门座。
具体实施方式
实施例
一种高密度粉末冶金气门座，其化学成份及含量为(wt％)：C:1.0～2.0％、Cr:5.3～8.0％、Mo:2.5～3.5％、Ni:1.5～2.5％、Co:3.6～5.8％、Mn:≤0.5％、硬脂酸锌:0～1％，余量为Fe。
高密度粉末冶金气门座，密度达到7.6g/cm3以上，硬度达到HRC40以上，压溃强度达到800N/mm2以上，具有均匀分布的Ni、Co等合金元素和显微硬度较高的(Fe、Cr、Mo)3C碳化物，既耐磨、耐热又耐冲击。特别适合高速汽车发动机气门座的工作环境。
三个具体实施例1-3气门座化学成分及其含量(wt％)见表1。
表1是实施例1-3的气门座化学成分及其含量(wt％)
将采用水雾化方法制备的预合金粉末用700Mpa压力压制气门座，然后在1130℃中性气氛中烧结40分钟，烧结后将气门座浸入含3wt％石墨的酒精溶液中浸渍1分钟取出，放入氮气保护加热炉中加热至800℃，然后取出放入预热至200-300℃的模具中，以700Mpa压力进行复压。所制得三个实施例粉末冶金气门座主要技术指标见表2。
表2实施例1-3的粉末冶金气门座主要技术指标
按照可靠性试验规范，将上述实例1.2.3研究开发的气门座产品在试验台架上进行全速全负荷试验，累计运行200小时，经拆机检验，气门座尺寸全部在公差范围内，未见磨损，气门没有下沉，使用情况良好。
本发明气门座具有优异的耐热、耐磨、耐冲击性能，特别适合高速发动机的工作环境。

Claims (3)

1.高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，其特征在于：所述制造方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）原料采用水雾化方法制备，在水雾化制粉时将碳加入合金中，制得含化合碳的铁基预合金粉末，其化学成分为（wt%）：C:1.0~2.0%、Cr:5.3~8.0%、Mo:2.5~3.5%、Ni:1.5~2.5%、Co:3.6~5.8%、Mn:≤0.5%、硬脂酸锌:0~1%，余量为Fe；
（2）含化合碳的铁基预合金粉末经过600-800Mpa压力压制；之后在1100-1150℃中性气氛中烧结35-50分钟，制得预烧结坯；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的预烧结坯放在含3wt%石墨的酒精溶液中浸渍1-2分钟，在700-1050℃下加热3-5分钟；
（4）将模具预热至200-300℃，然后将加热至700-1050℃的预烧结坯置于模具中，在奥氏体+渗碳体组织状态下进行复压，复压压力为600-800Mpa，制得高密度粉末冶金气门座，高密度粉末冶金气门座密度大于7.6g/cm3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）的加热装置采用电阻丝加热，氮气保护，预烧结坯连续移动的加热炉。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法，其特征在于：所述高密度粉末冶金气门座的硬度HRC≥40，压溃强度≥800N/mm2 。
CN201811634456.8A 2018-12-29 2018-12-29 高密度粉末冶金气门座的制造方法 Pending CN109648089A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110964987A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-07 仪征市昌达粉末冶金制品有限公司 一种耐磨损高硬度粉末冶金气门座的制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110964987A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-07 仪征市昌达粉末冶金制品有限公司 一种耐磨损高硬度粉末冶金气门座的制备方法

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Application publication date: 20190419