CN109648080B - Laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional object - Google Patents
Laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional object Download PDFInfo
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- CN109648080B CN109648080B CN201811632180.XA CN201811632180A CN109648080B CN 109648080 B CN109648080 B CN 109648080B CN 201811632180 A CN201811632180 A CN 201811632180A CN 109648080 B CN109648080 B CN 109648080B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object. According to the method disclosed by the invention, through the snake-shaped scanning path planning of the slice file, the heat input can be improved in the scanning process, higher energy can be maintained, and the problem of forming quality caused by overlarge thermal stress or burning loss due to low scanning speed due to overhigh cooling speed in the processing of large-breadth and large-light-spot parts can be effectively avoided. When the quality of parts is improved, jumping reduction is realized through arc oscillation, and the service life of the laser is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to a laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object.
Background
Additive manufacturing techniques are based on three-dimensional CAD model data by adding material to the layer-by-layer manufacturing. The method is characterized in that a computer three-dimensional design model is used as a bluebook, materials are stacked layer by layer through a software layering dispersion and numerical control forming system by using high-energy beams, and finally, a solid product is manufactured through superposition forming.
There are many additive manufacturing methods, and the additive manufacturing methods are mainly classified into manufacturing methods based on a powder feeding method and a powder spreading method. The manufacturing method based on the powder laying mode comprises a selective laser melting technology, and the processing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly designing a three-dimensional solid model of a part on a computer, then slicing and layering the three-dimensional model through segmentation software to obtain profile data of each section, planning scanning paths of the obtained sections of each layer, then guiding the data into additive manufacturing equipment, laying a layer of powder on the surface of a forming cylinder by a powder laying device according to the thickness of a preset powder layer, selectively melting the powder materials of each layer by laser controlled by the equipment according to the scanning paths, and gradually stacking the powder materials into the three-dimensional part.
At present, when a large-format and large-light-spot part is planned and scanned according to a conventional scanning path, as shown in fig. 1, long-line scanning processing is performed on an area to be scanned by using the same process parameters. If the scanning speed is too high, the part cooling speed is too high, and the thermal stress is too large easily in the forming process, so that the forming quality of the part is influenced; if the scanning speed is too low, burning is likely to occur, and the molding efficiency is too low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, which solves the problems of large width and low forming quality during processing of large-spot parts in the existing processing mode of a long-line scanning path and improves the forming efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the laser scanning path planning method for the additive manufacturing of the three-dimensional object comprises the following steps:
and 3, planning a snake-shaped scanning path in each partition, wherein the snake-shaped scanning path comprises a reference line, an arc section and a straight line section.
Yet another feature of the present invention is that,
the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, reading in the height H of a straight line section in a snake-shaped path set by a user, the radius R of a circular arc section, a scanning interval A and the diameter D of a light spot; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
2.2, determining the position of each partition datum line according to the structural characteristics of the part, the height H of the straight line section, the radius R of the circular arc section and the scanning interval A, and partitioning each layer of slice of the part;
and 2.3, segmenting the current partition datum line by taking the scanning distance A as an interval.
The specific process of performing snake-like scanning planning in each partition in step 3 is as follows:
3.1, selecting a scanning path of the straight-line segment to be vertical to the partition datum line, setting the lengths above and below the partition datum line to be H/2 respectively, setting the scanning speed V and the laser power P of the straight-line segment as fixed values, and sequentially planning the scanning path of the straight-line segment for each segment in the step 2.3;
step 3.2, selecting odd-numbered segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment above the datum line, even-numbered segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment below the datum line, obtaining the scanning speed V of the arc segment by a function f (D, A, R), obtaining the laser power P by a function g (D, A, R), and sequentially planning the scanning path of the arc segment for each segment in the step 2.3;
and 3.3, traversing all the section partitions of the part and outputting a scanning path.
The function f (D, A, R) represents a function relationship: v is V0-V1Cos (θ)/R, the function g (D, a, R) represents a function relationship: p ═ P0-P1*cos(θ)/R；
Wherein V0Is the velocity, V, of a straight line1For a fixed compensation value, θ is the angle of a point on the arc relative to the starting point, P0Is the power at the straight line, P1Is a fixed compensation value.
The laser scanning path planning method for the additive manufacturing of the three-dimensional object has the beneficial effects that the problems that the processing conditions are not easy to control and the forming efficiency is low in the prior art are solved. By planning the snakelike scanning path of the slice file, the heat input can be improved in the scanning process, higher energy can be maintained, and the problem of forming quality caused by overlarge thermal stress or low burning loss due to overhigh cooling speed during the processing of large-breadth and large-light-spot parts can be effectively solved. When the quality of parts is improved, jumping reduction is realized through arc oscillation, and the service life of the laser is prolonged. In addition, the user can also set the height and the width of the snake-shaped scanning path according to the processing requirement, thereby controlling the energy density and ensuring the forming quality of parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art path for long line scanning;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the scan path of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a reference line, 2 is a circular arc section, 3 is a straight line section, and 4 is a light spot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, which comprises the following steps in a specific operation process, as shown in fig. 2:
the specific process of step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, reading in the height H of a straight line section 3 in a snake-shaped path set by a user, the radius R of a circular arc section 2, a scanning distance A and the diameter D of a light spot 4; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
2.2, determining the position of each partition datum line 1 according to the structural characteristics of the part, the height H of the straight line section 3, the radius R of the circular arc section 2 and the scanning interval A, and partitioning each layer of slice of the part;
and 2.3, segmenting the current partition datum line by taking the scanning distance A as an interval.
And 3, performing snakelike scanning planning in each partition, wherein a snakelike scanning path comprises a reference line 1, an arc section 2 and a straight line section 3.
The specific process in step 3 is as follows:
3.1, selecting a scanning path of the straight-line segment 3 to be vertical to the partition datum line 1, setting the lengths above and below the partition datum line 1 to be H/2 respectively, setting the scanning speed V and the laser power P of the straight-line segment as fixed values, and sequentially planning the scanning path of the straight-line segment 3 for each segment in the step 2.3;
step 3.2, selecting odd segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment 2 above the datum line 1, selecting even segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment 2 below the datum line 1, obtaining the scanning speed V of the arc segment 2 by a function f (D, A, R), obtaining the laser power P by a function g (D, A, R), and sequentially planning the scanning path of the arc segment 2 for each segment in the step 2.3;
the function f (D, A, R) representsThe functional relationship of (A) is as follows: v is V0-V1Cos (θ)/R, the function g (D, a, R) represents a function relationship: p ═ P0-P1*cos(θ)/R；
Wherein V0Is the velocity, V, of a straight line1For a fixed compensation value, θ is the angle of a point on the arc relative to the starting point, P0Is the power at the straight line, P1Is a fixed compensation value.
And 3.3, traversing all the section partitions of the part and outputting a scanning path.
The main principle of the method is as follows: the speed and acceleration change due to mechanical acceleration and deceleration during laser motion at the arc, and the arc path causes overheating per unit area, which aggravates local heat input unevenness if power and speed are not compensated for. Thereby causing local overheating, overburning and the like, and thermal stress can be caused by the inconsistency of the temperature field. The light part has larger thermal stress, and the serious problems of deformation of parts, change of internal metallographic structures and the like can be caused.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages are that: by planning the snakelike scanning path of the slice file, the heat input can be improved in the scanning process, higher energy can be maintained, and the problem of forming quality caused by overlarge thermal stress or low burning loss due to overhigh cooling speed during the processing of large-breadth and large-light-spot parts can be effectively solved. When the quality of parts is improved, jumping reduction is realized through arc oscillation, and the service life of the laser is prolonged. In addition, the user can also set the height and the width of the snake-shaped scanning path according to the processing requirement, thereby controlling the energy density and ensuring the forming quality of parts.
Claims (1)
1. A laser scanning path planning method for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, inputting each layer of slice files of a part model;
step 2, determining a partition datum line according to the structural characteristics of the part and the user setting, and partitioning each layer of the part;
the specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, reading in the height H of a straight line section (3) in a snake-shaped path set by a user, the radius R of a circular arc section (2), a scanning distance A and the diameter D of a light spot (4); wherein R-
2.2, determining the position of each partition datum line (1) according to the structural characteristics of the part, the height H of the straight line section (3), the radius R of the circular arc section (2) and the scanning distance A, and partitioning each layer of slice of the part;
step 2.3, segmenting the current partition datum line by taking the scanning distance A as an interval;
step 3, performing snakelike scanning planning in each partition, wherein the snakelike scanning path comprises a reference line (1), an arc section (2) and a straight line section (3);
the specific process of performing the snake-shaped scanning planning in each partition in the step 3 is as follows:
3.1, selecting a scanning path of the straight-line segment (3) to be vertical to the partition datum line (1), setting the lengths of the upper part and the lower part of the partition datum line (1) to be H/2 respectively, setting the scanning speed V and the laser power P of the straight-line segment as fixed values, and sequentially planning the scanning path of the straight-line segment (3) for each segment in the step 2.3;
3.2, selecting odd-numbered segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment (2) above the datum line (1), selecting even-numbered segments to plan the scanning path of the arc segment (2) below the datum line (1), obtaining the scanning speed V of the arc segment (2) by a function f (D, A, R), obtaining the laser power P by a function g (D, A, R), and sequentially planning the scanning path of the arc segment (2) for each segment in the step 2.3;
step 3.3, traversing all section partitions of the part and outputting a scanning path;
the function f (D, A, R) represents a function relationship: v is V0-V1Cos (θ)/R, the function g (D, a, R) represents a function relationship: p ═ P0-P1*cos(θ)/R；
Wherein V0Is the velocity, V, of a straight line1In order to fix the value of the compensation,theta is the angle of a point on the arc relative to the starting point, P0Is the power at the straight line, P1Is a fixed compensation value.
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| CN110193603B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-04-23 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Laser selective melting zoning method based on scanning line length optimization |
| CN110496966B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-12-03 | 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 | Laser deposition additive manufacturing method |
| CN111016179B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-11-23 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Variable-layer-thickness subdivision calculation method based on additive manufacturing |
| CN113681894B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-05-09 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Scanning line quality optimization method, scanning line quality optimization device and printer |
| CN111761811A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-13 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin-based composite material |
| CN112417646B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-11-17 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Scanning path planning method and device based on odd number multiple lasers and three-dimensional object manufacturing equipment |
| CN112427655B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | Laser selective melting real-time path planning method based on temperature uniformity |
| CN112276113B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-13 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Preheating scanning method and device for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
| CN115041704B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-06-27 | 爱司凯科技股份有限公司 | 3D scanning printing equipment scanning motion path planning method and scanning method |
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| CN108127115A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-08 | 吴江中瑞机电科技有限公司 | A kind of laser beam scan path generation method for increasing material manufacturing three-dimension object |
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