CN109644908B - Method for preventing and controlling brown tide in scallop cage culture area - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling brown tide in scallop cage culture area Download PDFInfo
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- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241001441955 Argopecten irradians Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000237516 Mizuhopecten yessoensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001237431 Anomala Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000178280 Aureococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192041 Micrococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001339782 Scapharca broughtonii Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/04—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling brown tide in a scallop suspension cage culture area, which utilizes exogenous continuously input nutrient salt containing nitrogen and phosphorus to stimulate the growth of target microalgae, inhibits the growth of brown tide algae, provides bait for scallops and reduces the damage of the brown tide to scallop culture. Uniformly mixing nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrient salt with sodium alginate and chlorella powder, adding a calcium chloride solution to prepare spherical sustained-release clusters, freezing and molding at-20 ℃, placing the obtained spherical sustained-release clusters in 100-mesh bags, placing one spherical sustained-release cluster in each mesh bag to obtain a nutrient sustained-release bag, fixing the sustained-release bags on the outer side of the scallop culture cage, and periodically replacing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean brown tide prevention and control, and particularly relates to a brown tide prevention and control method for a scallop cage culture area.
Background
The brown tide prevention and control method has the following general research overview at home and abroad: the emergency treatment means of brown tide is similar to that of red tide, and mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method. The physical disposal mainly uses clay flocculation algae to sink into the seabed, has low cost and high efficiency, and is also a method popularized and used at present. Chemical treatment has high removal efficiency but has influence on other organisms, and Randhawa finds that the removal rate is 1.6mg-1H of (A) to (B)2O2The high-density food-inhibiting chlorella can be effectively removed, and the influence on other microalgae is small, but the cost is relatively high, and the chlorella is not suitable for large water surface (Randhawa, 2012 and 2013). Although the biological method is always advocated, the practical popularization progress is slow, and the selection is carried outAlthough the removal efficiency of the phycophage virus and bacteria from the natural water area is high, the phycophage virus and bacteria have requirements on illumination and hosts and may influence other organisms, and the phycophage virus and bacteria cannot be applied to natural water. Although filter-feeding shellfish can filter most algae, the removal efficiency is low, and the filter-feeding shellfish is inelegant for brown tide algae. Zhang Yaqi et al found that although the modified clay is a very quick and effective method for eliminating harmful algal blooms, the removal efficiency of the aureococcus anomala is generally low and is below 20% (Zhang Yaqi, 2013). The method is characterized in that the allelopathic effects of the great east. In order to effectively avoid the overlapping of the outbreak of brown tide in the sea area of the Qinhuang island and the culture time of bay scallops, the Wangzong philosophy suggests that the bay scallops are subjected to late-seedling culture (4-month initial-bred scallop entering room) and pond bottom sowing and raft culture (Wangzong philosophy, 2015; Jinli, 2016). For the prevention and treatment of the brown tide, a plurality of researches are carried out, and a marine research institute of Chinese academy of sciences in 8 months and 7 days in 2013 discloses a method for improving the efficiency of removing the marine brown tide by PAC modified clay. When the PAC modified clay material is used for eliminating brown tide, seawater in a brown tide generating area is used as a pre-dispersing agent, the material is pre-dispersed to form suspension, and then the suspension is sprayed on the surface of the water body of the brown tide. However, the application of the invention in sea areas has limitations, and the clay has great harm to scallop culture (Marminghui, 2004). From the physiological structure, the scallop is greatly different from the blood clam, clam and the like in structure, so that the scallop is more sensitive to suspended matters. When the scallop is eaten, water flow directly enters the gill cavity, food is filtered by the gill and then is conveyed into the oral cavity, and the gill is directly contacted with the water flow, so that when the concentration of suspended matters in water is high, the gill is very easy to be adhered with the suspended matters, the breathing and food filtering functions are reduced, the normal physiological functions of the scallop are influenced, and the scallop is finally dead, so that the scallop is sensitive to the suspended matters and is suitable for living in a clean environment with low concentration of the suspended matters. Therefore, the above patent is not suitable for the scallop cultivation area. At present, the brown tide outbreak area is mainly in the bay scallop cage culture areaThe method for preventing and controlling the brown tide is not available for the scallop cultivation area temporarily, and the method for preventing and controlling the brown tide has limitations in the application of the scallop cultivation area.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the problems of feed shortage and the inhibition of disaster-causing seed growth caused by brown tide in the scallop cultivation area during the brown tide period, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling brown tide in a scallop suspension cage culture area, which utilizes the external continuous input of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt to stimulate the growth of feed microalgae, inhibit the growth of brown tide algae, provide bait for scallops and reduce the damage of the brown tide to scallop culture; in the nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrient salt, the mass ratio of nitrogen element to phosphorus element is 16: 1-32: 1, namely (16-32): 1.
The invention provides a slow release ball for preventing and controlling brown tide, which comprises nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrient salt, sodium alginate, chlorella powder and calcium chloride; the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-containing nutrient salt to the sodium alginate to the chlorella powder to the calcium chloride is 70:10:20: 1-140: 15:35:1, namely (70-140): 10-15): 20-35: 1.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the sustained-release ball is spherical, and the diameter of the sustained-release ball is 5 cm.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the nutrient salt containing nitrogen and phosphorus further comprises trace elements and vitamins, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen elements, the phosphorus elements, the trace elements and the vitamins is as follows: 64:2:1: 1-64: 4:1:1, namely 64 (2-4) 1: 1.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the trace elements comprise copper, zinc, cobalt and molybdenum; in the trace elements, the mass ratio of copper to zinc to cobalt to molybdenum is 48:6:3: 2-18: 2:1:1, namely (16-18: 2:1: 1).
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the vitamins comprise Vitamin B1 (VB)1) Vitamin B12 (VB)12) And biotin (VH); among the vitamins, Vitamin B1 (VB)1) Vitamin B12 (VB)12) And biotin (VH) at a mass ratio of 200:1: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the sustained-release bolus, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrient salt with sodium alginate and chlorella powder, adding a calcium chloride solution to prepare spherical sustained-release clusters, and then freezing and molding at-20 ℃; the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3.5%.
The invention also provides an application of the slow-release clusters in brown tide prevention and control in a scallop cage culture area, which comprises the following steps: (1) placing the slow release clusters in mesh bags, and placing a spherical slow release cluster in each mesh bag to obtain a nutrition slow release bag; (2) and fixing the nutrient slow-release bag outside the scallop culture cage, and periodically replacing the nutrient slow-release bag until the brown tide subsides.
Based on the technical scheme, the mesh number of the mesh bags is preferably 100 meshes.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the step (2) is: the upper, middle and lower parts of the outer side of each scallop cultivation cage are respectively fixed with a nutrition slow release bag, and the nutrition slow release bags are replaced once every 15 days.
Advantageous effects
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling brown tide in a scallop suspension cage culture area, which utilizes the external continuous input of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt to stimulate the growth of target microalgae, inhibit the growth of brown tide algae, simultaneously provide bait for scallops and reduce the damage of the brown tide to scallop culture.
Compared with the existing brown tide prevention and control method, the method has no pollution to the ecological environment, is beneficial and harmless to the growth of the cultured scallops, is green and environment-friendly in biological prevention and control technology, can slowly release the bait in the water area, increases the effective ingestion rate of the scallops, reduces the treatment cost of the brown tide, and is convenient for culture management.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A brown tide prevention and control nutrient slow-release bag for a scallop cage culture area is prepared by the following steps: 66 g of sodium nitrate, 2 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 850 mg of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 65 mg of zinc sulfate, 140 mg of cobalt chloride, 190 mg of sodium molybdate and Vitamin B1 (VB)1)1000 mg, vitaminSulfb 12 (VB)12)5 mg, 5 mg of biotin (VH), 10 g of sodium alginate and 20 g of chlorella powder, and finally 100mL of 3.5% calcium chloride solution is added to prepare the spherical sustained-release pellet. Preparing 150 identical spherical sustained-release clusters by the same method, placing in 100 mesh net bags, placing 1 sustained-release cluster in each net bag, and freezing at-20 deg.C.
In 2015, 5 months and 15 days to 7 months and 30 days, 10 culture cages are selected from a suspension cage culture sea area of the shells of the Bay scallops to perform an emergency prevention and control test of brown tides, and 10 culture cages are selected as a control test group within a range of 20 m away from the suspension cage culture sea area of the shells of the Suizhong gulf scallops.
Monitoring that the cell density of the algae inhibiting the golden ball algae in the water body of the culture sea area reaches 1.2 multiplied by 10 in 5 months and 15 days in 20154And (3) wrapping the nutrient slow release bags on the upper, middle and lower parts of the outer side of the test group scallop cultivation cage for each liter, and fixing 1 mesh bag respectively. The replacement was performed 1 time every 15 days for a total of 5 times. When the slow-release pellet is replaced each time, the slow-release pellet is basically completely released, and a little amount of the small-pellet algae powder is remained. The slow release effect of the nutrient is good. The brown tide disappears basically in the sea area after 7 months and 26 days.
The method is used for carrying out emergency treatment on the brown tide of 75 days in the scallop culture sea area, and counting the death rate of the bay scallops in the test group and the control group 30 days after 7 months to find that the death rate of the test group is 12-28% and the death rate of the control group is as high as 68-85%. The invention effectively controls the influence of brown tide on scallop.
Example 2
A brown tide prevention and control nutrition slow release bag in a scallop cage culture area, and the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
In 2016, 22 days in 5 months and 25 days in 6 months, 10 patinopecten yessoensis culture cages are placed in the brown tide area of the Changxing island as a test group, and 10 patinopecten yessoensis culture cages are placed outside the range of 20 meters of the brown tide area of the Changxing island as a control test group.
The density of the cells of the Micrococcus bovis Seu Bubali alga in the sea water reaches 2.5 × 10 monitored in 2016 (5 months and 22 days)5And (3) wrapping the nutrient slow release bags on the upper, middle and lower parts of the outer side of the test group scallop cultivation cage for each liter, and fixing 1 mesh bag respectively. The replacement was performed every 15 days for 2 times. The brown tide basically disappears in the 6 th and 25 th dayAnd (6) losing.
The patinopecten yessoensis culture cage is used for carrying out 33-day brown tide emergency treatment, and the death rates of the patinopecten yessoensis in a test group and a control group are counted up to 25 days after 6 months, so that the death rate of the test group is 13-22%, and the death rate of the control group is as high as 56-72%. The invention effectively controls the influence of brown tide on scallop.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A brown tide prevention and control method for a scallop suspension cage culture area is characterized in that exogenous continuously input nutrient salt containing nitrogen and phosphorus is utilized to stimulate the growth of feed microalgae, so that the growth of brown tide algae is inhibited; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-containing nutrient salt, the mass ratio of nitrogen elements to phosphorus elements is 16: 1-32: 1;
the external source is a slow release group, and the composition of the slow release group comprises nutrient salt containing nitrogen and phosphorus, sodium alginate, chlorella powder and calcium chloride; the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-containing nutrient salt to the sodium alginate to the chlorella powder to the calcium chloride is 70:10:20: 1-140: 15:35: 1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the bolus is spherical and the bolus has a diameter of 5 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus containing nutrient salt further comprises trace elements and vitamins, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen element to the phosphorus element to the trace elements to the vitamins is as follows: 64:2:1:1 to 64:4:1: 1.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the trace elements include copper, zinc, cobalt, and molybdenum; in the trace elements, the mass ratio of copper to zinc to cobalt to molybdenum is 48:6:3: 2-18: 2:1: 1.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said vitamins include vitamin B1(VB1), vitamin B12(VB12), and biotin (VH); in the vitamins, the mass ratio of vitamin B1(VB1), vitamin B12(VB12) and biotin (VH) is 200:1: 1.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sustained-release bolus is prepared by: uniformly mixing the nitrogen and phosphorus-containing nutrient salt with sodium alginate and chlorella powder, adding a calcium chloride solution to prepare a spherical sustained-release pellet, and then freezing and molding at-20 ℃ to obtain the sustained-release pellet; the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 3.5%.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by specifically operating as: (1) placing the slow release clusters in mesh bags, and placing a spherical slow release cluster in each mesh bag to obtain a nutrition slow release bag; (2) and fixing the nutrient slow-release bag outside the scallop culture cage, and periodically replacing the nutrient slow-release bag until the brown tide subsides.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mesh bag has a mesh size of 100 mesh.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step (2) is that: the upper, middle and lower parts of the outer side of each scallop cultivation cage are respectively fixed with a nutrition slow release bag, and the nutrition slow release bags are replaced once every 15 days.
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