CN109641580B - 用于电磁阀的阀衔铁和阀芯 - Google Patents
用于电磁阀的阀衔铁和阀芯 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于电磁阀的阀衔铁(10),具有由导磁金属制成的基体(11),在所述基体(11)的一端布置有凹部(14),该凹部容纳具有关闭元件(24)的挺杆(20),其中挺杆基体(22)由塑料构成,并且与基体(11)形成压配合,并且本发明涉及一种用于电磁阀的阀芯(1),该阀芯(1)具有这样的阀衔铁(10)。在此,基体(11)具有与凹部(14)相连接的环形槽(16),该环形槽(16)容纳挺杆基体(22)的塑性变形,该塑性变形与环形槽(16)形成形状配合,并且将挺杆基体(22)固定在凹部(14)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电磁阀的阀衔铁,以及一种用于电磁阀的相关阀芯。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知常开或常闭型电磁阀,该电磁阀例如用作车辆制动***的液压单元中的进气门或排气门。通过液压单元能够在防抱死制动***(ABS)或牵引力控制***(ASR***)或电子稳定***(ESP***)中进行控制和/或调节操作,用于在相应的车轮制动钳中产生压力或减小压力。这种电磁阀包括磁体组件和阀芯,阀芯包括引导套筒、在引导套筒内部克服复位弹簧的力在关闭位置和打开位置之间轴向可移动地引导的阀衔铁、以及与引导套筒相连接的具有阀座的阀套,阀衔铁具有关闭元件。通过磁体组件的通电而产生磁力,在未通电的打开的电磁阀的情况下,该磁力将具有关闭元件的阀衔铁从打开位置移动到关闭位置,直到关闭元件与相应的阀座相遇并密封它。在未通电状态下,复位弹簧移动具有关闭元件的阀衔铁,并且关闭元件从阀座上抬起并将该阀座释放。在未通电的关闭的电磁阀中,通过磁铁组件的通电而将具有关闭元件的阀衔铁从关闭位置移动到打开位置,并且关闭元件从阀座抬起并将其释放。如果关闭电源,则复位弹簧将具有关闭元件的衔铁朝阀座的方向移动,直到关闭元件与阀座相遇并密封阀座。当关闭元件(包括硬化的封闭体,该封闭体例如设计为钢球)撞到同样由硬化钢制成的阀座时,所描述的电磁阀产生所谓的关闭噪声。
为了减少这种开关噪声,已知使用具有关闭元件的挺杆,该关闭元件具有由塑料制成的基体。该关闭元件被压入阀衔铁的较硬的基体中,该基体优选地由铁或钢制成。
例如,在专利申请DE 10 2014 217 447 A1中,描述了一种用于电磁阀的阀衔铁和用于电磁阀并具有这种阀衔铁的阀芯。在阀衔铁的一端布置有凹部,该凹部容纳具有关闭元件的挺杆。关闭元件与阀座结合,以调节至少两个流动开口之间的流体流动。这里,挺杆的基体可以由塑料制成并且与阀芯的基体形成压配合。因此,挺杆的基体用作由金属制成的关闭体的弹性阻尼元件,并且减弱关闭体撞击阀座时产生的冲击。
发明内容
根据本发明的用于电磁阀的阀衔铁和用于电磁阀的相应阀芯相比之下有以下优势,通过改变阀衔铁而将挺杆始终牢固地压在阀衔铁的基体中。由于阀衔铁的基体和挺杆基体具有不同的热膨胀系数,因此部件可能随温度波动而不同地膨胀。这可能导致塑料体下沉,阀衔铁和挺杆之间的压力可能由此降低。根据压配合的材料和设计,挺杆可能会松动。因此,当打开阀门时,松动的挺杆的关闭元件可能留在阀座中,从而使阀门不会如期望打开。在本发明的实施例中,通过附加的形状配合确保挺杆基体始终牢固地压在阀衔铁的基体中。该压配合以这样的方式设计,即产生过压,通过该过压使挺杆基体的较软塑料材料开始流动并形成塑性变形。附加环形槽在阀衔铁较硬的基体中提供了额外的空间,挺杆基体的塑料可以在该空间中流动。因此实现了期望的附加形状连接,由此可以持久地固定挺杆。
此外,通过将挺杆基体设计为塑料部件,关闭时产生的关闭噪声能够以有利的方式降低,并且在最佳情况下甚至几乎完全防止。
因此,通过减少关闭电磁阀时产生的噪声以及在最佳情况下完全避免噪声,本发明的实施例也有助于改善车辆的NVH性能(NVH:噪声、振动与声振粗糙度)。由此可以将车辆制动***实现为单箱***并且将液压单元直接拧到车辆的舱壁上,因为干扰的关闭噪声不会进入车辆内部。
本发明的实施例提供了一种用于电磁阀的阀衔铁,具有由导磁金属制成的基体,在该基体的一端布置有凹部,该凹部容纳具有关闭元件的挺杆。挺杆基体由塑料制成并与基体形成压配合。这里,基体具有与凹部连接的环形槽,该环形槽容纳挺杆基体的塑性变形,该塑性变形与环形槽形成形状配合并且将挺杆基体另外固定在凹部中。
此外,本发明提出了一种用于电磁阀的阀芯,该阀芯具有引导套筒、在引导套筒内克服复位弹簧的力而在关闭位置和打开位置之间轴向可移动地引导的根据本发明的阀衔铁、以及与引导套筒连接的具有阀座的阀套,该阀衔铁具有带关闭元件的挺杆,该阀座布置在至少一个第一流动开口和至少一个第二流动开口之间。该关闭元件在关闭状态下与阀座密封地配合,并且中断在至少一个第一流动开口和至少一个第二流动开口之间的流体流动。在打开状态下,关闭元件从阀座上被抬起并允许在至少一个第一流动开口和至少一个第二流动开口之间的流体流动。
通过下文中记载的措施和扩展可以有利地改进根据本发明的用于电磁阀的阀衔铁。
特别有利的是,制造挺杆基体的塑料可以是热塑性塑料。这允许简单且低成本地制造挺杆基体。
在阀衔铁的有利实施例中,凹部可以被构成为盲孔。在压配合的设计中,有利的是,过压增加到足以达到挺杆基体的塑料材料的屈服点。由此,环形槽可以由流动的塑料材料填充,这形成塑性变形。由于可能导致挺杆基体上的脱落,因此盲孔可以以有利的方式安全地保管脱落的颗粒。
在阀衔铁的其他有利实施例中,环形槽可以布置在凹部的壁和挺杆基体之间的接触区的端部处。另外,环形槽在开口方向上形成到凹部的边缘。环形槽和凹部之间的边缘优选地具有直角。当将挺杆底座按压在阀衔铁主体的凹部中时,由于在两个基体的接触区的端部产生增加的压缩应力,该效果能够用于提高边缘上的预应力并改善流动过程。因此,有利的是,将环形槽设置在两个部件的接触区域的端部。
在阀衔铁的其他有利实施例中,凹部可具有导入斜面,以便于引导挺杆基体。此外,挺杆基体可以具有环形凸缘,在该环形凸缘的端面上形成关闭元件。在这里,环形凸缘背向关闭元件的端面适配于导入斜面。通过环形凸缘,可以在不损坏关闭元件的情况下放置冲压工具。
在阀衔铁的其他有利实施例中,挺杆基体的尺寸可以适配于凹部的尺寸。挺杆基体可以例如形成阶梯式圆柱或具有环形凸缘的圆柱。关闭元件例如可以构造为球冠形。
附图中示出了本发明的实施例,并且在以下描述中更详细地解释了本发明的实施例。在附图中,相同的附图标记表示执行相同或类似功能的组件。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的用于电磁阀的阀芯的实施例的示意性透视截面图,该电磁阀具有根据本发明的阀衔铁的实施例。
图2示出了图1根据本发明的阀衔铁的示意性纵剖面图。
图3示出了图2的细节III的描述。
图4示出了图1和图2的阀衔铁的示意性正视图。
图5示出了图1至图4的根据本发明的阀衔铁的基体的示意性纵剖面图。
具体实施方式
从图1可以看出,用于电磁阀的根据本发明的阀芯1的示例性实施例包括磁极铁芯2、与磁极铁芯2相连接的引导套筒4、在引导套筒4内克服复位弹簧7的力在关闭位置和打开位置之间轴向可移动地引导的阀衔铁10、以及与引导阀套4连接的具有阀座6.1的阀套6,阀衔铁10具有带关闭元件24的挺杆20,该阀座6.1布置在至少一个第一流动开口6.2和至少一个第二流动开口6.3之间。在磁体组件(未示出)通电的情况下,即在通过电连接在磁体组件的线圈绕组上施加电流的情况下,轴向可移动的阀衔铁10通过引导套筒4内产生的磁力克服复位弹簧7的力而被移动。阀衔铁10或关闭元件24的最大可能行程通过磁极铁芯2和阀衔铁10之间的气隙3预先规定。此外,设置了补偿槽18,该补偿槽18将气隙3与阀室连接。如从图1中可以进一步看出,关闭元件24在所示的关闭状态中与阀座6.1密封地配合,并且中断至少一个第一流动开口6.2和至少一个第二流动开口6.3之间的流体流动。在打开状态下(未示出),关闭元件14从阀座6.1被抬起并且允许在至少一个第一流动开口6.2和至少一个第二流动开口6.3之间的流体流动。
从图1至图5可以看出,阀衔铁10的由导磁金属制成的基体11在一端具有凹部14,该凹部14容纳具有关闭元件24的挺杆20。挺杆基体22由塑料制成并且与基体11形成压配合。这里,基体11具有与凹部14连接的环形槽16,该环形槽16容纳挺杆基体22的塑性变形,该塑性变形与环形槽16形成形状配合并且附加地将挺杆基体22固定在凹部14中。在所示实施例中,挺杆基体11由热塑性塑料制成塑料注塑件。该压配合以这样的方式设计,即产生过压,通过该过压使挺杆基体22的较软塑料材料开始流动并形成塑性变形。
如从图1、图2和图5中可以进一步看出,阀衔铁10的基体11在另一端具有弹簧容纳部12,在其底部支撑着复位弹簧7。
如从图1、图2和图5中可以进一步看出,在所示实施例中的凹部14设计为盲孔。这里,环形槽16布置在凹部14的壁和挺杆基体22之间的接触区域23的端部处。另外,环形槽16在开口14.1的方向上形成到凹部14的边缘17。在所示实施例中,环形槽16和凹部14之间的边缘17具有直角。
如从图1和图2中可以进一步看出,在所示的示例性实施例中,关闭元件20具有带环形凸缘26的圆柱形基体22,环形凸缘26的尺寸适配于凹部14的尺寸。另外,球冠形的关闭元件24一体地形成在环形凸缘26的端面上。此外,凹部14具有导入斜面14.2,其背向关闭元件24的环形凸缘26的端面适配于该导入斜面14.2。当然,其他合适的几何形状也可以用于凹部14和关闭构件24。例如,关闭元件24也可以设计为锥形或截锥形。
从图1中还可以看出,所示的阀芯1可以通过阀衬套5在流体块(未示出)相应的容纳孔中与阀衔铁10的示例性实施例铆接。此外,在阀套6中的至少一个第二流动开口6.3的区域中布置有径向过滤器8,以便从流体流中过滤污物颗粒。
所示实施例涉及用于常闭电磁阀的阀芯1。然而,根据本发明的阀衔铁10也可以用在常开电磁阀的阀芯(未示出)中。
本发明的实施例提供了用于电磁阀的阀衔铁和阀芯,其通过挺杆基体和阀衔铁基体之间附加的形状配合,独立于温度波动和不同的热膨胀系数地确保挺杆基体始终牢固地压入阀衔铁的基体中。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于电磁阀的阀衔铁(10),具有由导磁金属制成的基体(11),在所述基体(11)的一端布置有凹部(14),所述凹部(14)容纳具有关闭元件(24)的挺杆(20),其中挺杆基体(22)由塑料构成,并且与所述基体(11)形成压配合,其特征在于,所述基体(11)具有与所述凹部(14)连接的环形槽(16),所述环形槽(16)容纳所述挺杆基体(22)的塑性变形,所述塑性变形与所述环形槽(16)形成形状配合,并且将所述挺杆基体(22)固定在所述凹部(14)中,其中所述凹部(14)具有导入斜面(14.2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述塑料是热塑性塑料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述凹部(14)被构造为盲孔。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述环形槽(16)布置在所述凹部(14)的壁与所述挺杆基体(22)之间的接触区(23)的端部处。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述环形槽(16)在开口(14.1)的方向上形成到所述凹部(14)的边缘(17)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述环形槽(16)和所述凹部(14)之间的边缘(17)具有直角。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述挺杆基体(22)具有环形凸缘(26),在所述环形凸缘(26)的端面上形成所述关闭元件(24),其中所述环形凸缘(26)背向所述关闭元件(24)的端面适配于所述导入斜面(14.2)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀衔铁,其特征在于,所述挺杆基体(22)的尺寸适配于所述凹部(14)的尺寸。
9.一种用于电磁阀的阀芯(1),具有引导套筒(4)、在所述引导套筒(4)内部克服复位弹簧(7)的力而在关闭位置和打开位置之间轴向可移动地引导的阀衔铁(10)、以及与所述引导套筒(4)连接的具有阀座(6.1)的阀套(6),所述阀衔铁(10)具有带有关闭元件(24)的挺杆(20),所述阀座布置在至少一个第一流动开口(6.2)和至少一个第二流动开口(6.3)之间,其中所述关闭元件(24)在关闭状态下与所述阀座(6.1)密封地配合并且中断所述至少一个第一流动开口(6.2)和所述至少一个第二流动开口(6.3)之间的流体流动,并且其中所述关闭元件(24)在打开状态下从所述阀座(6.1)抬起并且允许所述至少一个第一流动开口(6.2)和所述至少一个第二流动开口(6.3)之间的流体流动,其特征在于,所述阀衔铁(10)被构造为根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的阀衔铁。
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DE102016216347.7A DE102016216347A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2016-08-30 | Ventilanker und Ventilpatrone für ein Magnetventil |
DE102016216347.7 | 2016-08-30 | ||
PCT/EP2017/069934 WO2018041548A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2017-08-07 | Ventilanker und ventilpatrone für ein magnetventil |
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DE102018203493A1 (de) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fahrzeugbremsvorrichtungsbauteil |
DE102019210284A1 (de) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Magnetventil mit zweiteilig ausgebildetem Stößel |
DE102022200173A1 (de) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-13 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Elektromechanisch betätigbares Druckmittelsteuerventil |
DE102022101451A1 (de) | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | Thomas Magnete Gmbh | Ventil |
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- 2017-08-07 KR KR1020197005883A patent/KR102376560B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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- 2017-08-07 JP JP2019509481A patent/JP6770174B2/ja active Active
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KR102376560B1 (ko) | 2022-03-21 |
DE112017004365A5 (de) | 2019-05-09 |
DE102016216347A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 |
KR20190039733A (ko) | 2019-04-15 |
CN109641580A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
JP2019530830A (ja) | 2019-10-24 |
JP6770174B2 (ja) | 2020-10-14 |
US20190203847A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
WO2018041548A1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
US10895330B2 (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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