CN1096407C

CN1096407C - Elevator for multistoried building

Info

Publication number: CN1096407C
Application number: CN99108738A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周治梅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-07-16
Filing date: 1999-07-16
Publication date: 2002-12-18
Anticipated expiration: 2019-07-16
Also published as: CN1280952A

Abstract

At least one pair of reverse screw rods with identical thread pitches are parallelly hung and clamped between a heat beam and a ground beam through prestressing force. A prestressing steel rope and a steel rod penetrate through a screw rod hole. Nuts matched with the screw rods, and a transmission mechanism are synchronously driven through at least one motor so as to make a cage vertically lifted at a low speed. The present invention has the advantage of reliability, and is not capable of twisting during braking. The screw rods are loaded by tension, are also used as guiding rails, and do not need a counterweight, a speed reducer and a machine room. The screw rods regenerate braking when downwards moving, have centrifugal speed reduction, and are capable of safely escaping by a manual downward movement device during power off. In case when all screw rods are simultaneously broken off, the penetrating rope or the rods can ensure that the lift does not drop so as not to damage to people. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of less land occupation, cheapness, electricity saving and absolute safety.

Description

Elevator for multistoried building

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of high-rise blocks below nine layers with simple, safe, cheap no unit elevator device.

Technical background

China is a developing country of having a large population in a small area, and the reform and opening-up more than two decades comes rapid economic development, is various six, the tylophora florlbunda group who rises sheer from level ground everywhere in the cities and towns.Considered dangerous by people owing to climb more than five layers high building, so the building that improves housing conditions and climb has formed obvious contradiction.Yet, six, tier building that tylophora florlbunda is high, the pile foundation ability of ground but also is not fully utilized.With regard to land price and pile foundation ability, it is generally acknowledged nine to ten layers of economy the most, but traditional mode of construction of present elevator and its price nine layers of residential design have been hindered.Traditional elevator promotes car by reel or friction rope sheave by steel cable, and counterweight is arranged, and guide rail is arranged; the disconnected rope fender guard that car drops in the time of more will preventing disconnected the rope; the unit machine room is not only arranged, and Installation and Debugging and maintaining is also very time-consuming takes a lot of work, so price and expense are high always.Chinese patent CN85101653 number " elevator hoist apparatus " of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation application for example, adopted small and exquisite bull (many ropes) spiral goove wind2, this device can be fastened on the wall of shaft bottom simultaneously improving safety, thereby avoid the lifting of top machine room and unit.But be used among our the said nine floor spaces,, will force reel to become huge and this device will be landed and seat because rope length will reach 50 meters, other trouble of this conventional version in addition, the total price of this elevator is still high, and takes up an area of more.For another example, Chinese patent CN86105262 number " elevator device " by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation's application, make elevator lifting though adopt threaded rotating element on screw shaft, to rotate, save between counterbalanced weight and machinery, thereby the space requirement of residential housing is greatly reduced.But it is only used single screw shaft (leading screw) and places one jiao of car, promote acting point and can't must still have two guide rails by center of gravity, it just is defined for two, three layers of private residence itself so be somebody's turn to do " elevator device ", and is powerless on our said nine layers of public building construction.Chinese patent CN95191512 number (O﹠amp and for example; The application of K Escalator Co., Ltd) " helical escalator ", the oblique straight line escalator that present general market can be seen with helix on a thicker column, though be perfectly safe and step on and take advantage of conveniently, but its defective is or can only goes up or can only descend, and takes up an area of very big." Spiral type escalator " that another Chinese patent is CN91203014 number, though solved to go up again than above-mentioned " helical escalator " and can descend problem, but it comes down to left and right sides spiral each " helical escalator " is merged, not only take up an area of greatlyyer, but also attracted the more critical defect that can not splice from level to level with a pitch.So prior art will make elevator generally be adopted on the public building of multilayer, exists many obstacles on price and the space really.

Summary of the invention

The present invention seeks to be public building, particularly dwelling house below nine layers, provide a kind of low price, high safe, highly reliable, take up an area of few, easy-to-install and do not have the unit elevator, and can also now used six, the tylophora florlbunda space adds and builds and install.

Technical solution of the present invention mainly comprises:

One is positioned at the other hoistway that does not have pit of public corridor, is exactly the on-board and off-board aspect that hoistway opens the door as the double ladder platform of then turning back, and well enclosure is equipped with some to guide wheel, and car is made auxiliary guiding;

A sky beam places well headroom;

Have at least a pair of pitch to equate and the opposite parallel outstanding Tian Liangxia that is stuck in of leading screw of rotation direction, leading screw bears car load and double as guide rail with pulling force, two has one section not have the screw thread of driving, do not change during work, leading screw is hollow, in the hole or wear with steel core rope and tensioning, or wears with also slack-free steel core bar, when all leading screws were all twisted off simultaneously, rope or rod can guarantee that car never falls down;

Grade beam places the hoistway bottom, blocks leading screw and it is not changeed and guarantees the parallel and vertical of each leading screw, and under the constraint of sky beam grade beam, leading screw is applied tensile stress and make it to have enough rigidity, the eccentricity that causes with opposing car unbalance loading, thus the order guiding is smooth and easy;

The car of a carrying, at least the pulling force by a pair of leading screw bears its weight and load, when the nut of at least one pair of on being loaded on car and leading screw coupling rotates synchronously, drives car and does dipping and heaving, because of leading screw two does not have screw thread, lifting stops automatically when limit switch is malfunctioning;

A drive system that is loaded on car top, at least by an electrical motor through the opposite nut of at least one pair of spiral of transmission device driven in synchronism, play double-type nut synchronization lifting of glancing impact and switched in opposite, can avoid car to rock, centrifugal governor can be prevented descending hypervelocity in the transmission device;

One is installed on the fault on the car or manual self-service descending device when having a power failure, can make the passenger nearby flat bed withdraw.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, do not have unit and machine room, not guide rail with pit, take up an area of that expense is low less, there are not the many defectives of traditional steel cable type elevator but unprecedentedly safe and reliable, more because of omnidistance mechanical engagement from the motor to the car, for the numerical control ultra-precision flat bed has been created prerequisite.

Description of drawings

Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and several embodiment.

Fig. 1 is the vertical sectional view of one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the leading screw installation enforcement illustration that mesopore is worn the steel core rope.

Fig. 3 is the leading screw installation enforcement illustration that mesopore is worn steel core bar.

Fig. 4 is the enforcement illustration that ball screw pair is made actuator and guide.

Fig. 5～10 are one group and adopt a pair of ball screw pair driver train embodiment scheme drawing.

Figure 11～16 are one group and adopt two pairs of ball screw pair driver train embodiment scheme drawings.

Figure 17 is that manually self-service descending device is implemented illustration when hindering Halfway Stopping for some reason.

The specific embodiment

In Fig. 1, hoistway cutaway view of the present invention and a kind of actuator and guide member arrangement have been shown.Hoistway 1 does not have pit, and a day beam 2 is loaded on hoistway 1 top and leaves top board certain distance (generally about 20-30 centimetre) and locate, and grade beam 3 almost is affixed on hoistway 1 bottom surface and adorns.At least one pair of leading screw 4 is stuck in day beam 2 times with screw thread with go up leading screw seat 5 rear overhang that links with amount, blocks admittedly on grade beam 3 with leading screw 4 being drawn after leading screw seat 6 links down with amount with screw thread again.The no thread cylinder of diameter with drive nut 16 internal diameters made at nearly leading screw 5 up and down in leading screw 4 two ends and 6 places.Gear frame 12 is equipped with at car 20 tops, on 13 of at least one the electrical motors of being adorned a pair of driving gear 15 is housed at least, the tooth engagement and being enclosed within on the leading screw 4 mutually of at least one pair of drive nut 16 and driving gear 15, drive nut 16 both can rotate on gear frame 12 by bearing 17, can make rotation and lifting on leading screw 4 through endoporus spiral and ball and leading screw 4 formation ball screw pairs again.When electrical motor 13 when driving gear 15 makes drive nut 16 rotation, just can make car 20 do dipping and heaving through bearing 17 and gear frame 12.As synchronous connection being arranged, make car 20 liftings steady with the synchronous axle sleeve 14 that has centrifugal joint speed concurrently with 13 of two same electrical motivations.It is paired to revolve screw thread about described leading screw 4 and drive nut 16 its spiral systems make, and rocks to have avoided glancing impact car 20.Gear frame is equipped with a pair of orienting sleeve 18 for 12 times at least, and is straight when making car 20 liftings.At least each a pair of up and down bump rubber 19a and the 19b of elastomeric material system are enclosed within on gear frame 12 tops and the orienting sleeve 18 bottom leading screws 4, and bump rubber 19a and 19b can be with rotation to leading screw 4 cleaning dusts and lubricated up and down during car 20 operations.During as high-low limit malfunctioning switch in service, drive nut 16 only changes not lifting after entering the no thread segment of leading screw 4, the buffering car 20 of bump rubber 19a or 19b can be parked in leading screw seat 5 or 6 belows or top up and down reposefully about borrowing, make electrical motor 13 reversings just can reset, " rushing to summit " and " at the bottom of the rammer " will not be arranged as traditional elevator.16 engagements of described driving gear 15 and drive nut optional straight-tooth, umbrella tooth or sprocket.Some guide wheel 46 is loaded on hoistway 1 wall, car 20 outer walls folding has the groove that matches with it, so the car 20 auxiliary guiding of guide wheel 46 in addition.

In conjunction with Fig. 2 installation of present embodiment leading screw and tensioning process are described now: the last leading screw seat 5 that is shaped on endoporus and keyway is fixed on day beam 2 by seat of honour screw 21; described endoporus hypomere has screw thread; core rope screw 9 is put into leading screw seat 5; steel core rope 25 is fed in core rope screw 9 holes again; after being inserted in steel core rope 25, epimere leading screw 4 is screwed into leading screw seat 5; imbed key 26 after the contraposition and block leading screw 4; one by one each section leading screw 4 is worn through joint 27 then and connect behind the steel core rope 25 appropriately, and in joint 25 holes, be inserted in and mould cover 28 with protection steel core rope 25.Parts such as 19a of bump rubber up and down described in Fig. 1 and 19b, bearing 17, drive nut 16, orienting sleeve 18 etc. in addition all should be inserted in advance, behind the intact first section leading screw 4 under of socket, will descend leading screw seat 6 to be screwed into leading screw 4, and look for contraposition postpone sunk key 26 to block leading screw 4 and make and to change.At this moment cover of wedge 23 should also can extracted the fag end of steel core rope 25 out in the leading screw seat 6 endoporus hypomere taper holes down from cover of wedge 23, steel core rope 25 fag ends are bent behind wedge 24 water jackets together push in the taper hole of cover of wedge 23, put into and twist good tight core nut 8 at the top, mention at the plumbous tail of rope 11 of the ready-made in advance notes of factory, Hough folder 10 is clipped in the plumbous tail of rope of notes 11 times, and steel core rope 25 installs at this point and finishes.After right-hand man's direction of getting leading screw 4 screw threads clear, according to poly-all the other leading screws 4 of adorning appropriate pairing of described step.Like this, the leading screw 4 of at least one pair of and wear thereon just outstanding being stuck in below day beam 2 of corresponding in addition parts.Go into grade beam 3 is horizontal by means of giving the hole stayed on two walls of hoistway 1 bottom, then leading screw seat under leading screw 4 lower ends of at least one pair of 6 is fixed on the grade beam 3 through following screw 22 of seat cushion sheet 7 usefulness down.Locate or employing purpose made special tool owing to of pin (not shown figure on) leading screw seat 6 and grade beam 3 have down been made when dispatching from the factory, described fixedly the time collimation between the double-type leading screw 4 be guaranteed fully.Described grade beam 3 above leading screws 4 and all other parts that are placed on the leading screw 4 are designed and manufactured into symmetry, and the drive nut 16 that will put is screwed to minimum and each is when contour, in action of gravity, after the grade beam that poises 3 is static, double-type leading screw 4 just inevitable verticals, at this moment grade beam 3 usefulness cement concretes are died from hoistway 1 bottom admittedly, so, each that has load-bearing and directional tagging concurrently to each parallel and vertical of 4 of leading screws with regard to this installation.After treating that cement concrete is hard admittedly, unclamp a following screw 22 and take out seat cushion sheet 7 down, will descend a screw 22 to be screwed to designing institute requirement tightness with torque spanner, leading screw 4 has just had designing institute to determine tensile stress, thereby have favorable rigidity guidance quality is guaranteed.With torque spanner tight core nut 8 is screwed to the designing requirement tightness again, steel core rope 25 has just had the stress of designing requirement.When 4 fractures of contingency leading screw, since leading screw 4 two ends all by described key 26 stick can not rotate, owing to design to such an extent that make

day grade beam

2 and 3 resiliences make the unattenuated or slightly rising of stress of steel core rope 25 after leading screw 4 fracture, so leading screw 4 can not be separated into two sections or disconnect and to fall down because of fracture, car 20 can therefore not drop, and has guaranteed safety.Obviously, the contingency of described fracture contingency is when all leading screws 4 take place simultaneously, described leading screw 4 does not separate not, and discrepancy still exists, as long as the words of a steel core rope 25 therefore and also not disconnected by pullling (this is impossible fully) are arranged, the embodiment of the invention can guarantee that still car never falls, and the limit of the limit is the disconnected place that car is stuck in leading screw 4.So the present invention has abandoned anti-drop systems such as the insecure so-called safety tongs (though can block car but must hurt sb.'s feelings) of traditional elevator, and is simple in structure more safe and reliable on the contrary.Must further be pointed out that: traditional elevator of finishing the car dipping and heaving with steel cable, owing to do not have meshing relation between motor and car, in case when causing the tenesmus of car hypervelocity by certain reason, the regenerative brake of motor is also unreliable in fact, thereby they must join so-called over speed protection; The present invention is quite different, all the time exist meshing relation between electrical motor 13 and the car 20 in the embodiment of the invention, connect reliable fully therebetween, because gliding, the hypervelocity that regenerative brake exists fully reliably can not take place, if adopt Dual-motors Driving standby each other, then lose the regenerative brake probability and reduce half because of electrical fault, when losing regenerative brake fully if only hinder for some reason with the unit driving, situation is also will never be as traditional elevator serious in free fall, because of the friction force of each driving joint of meshing is enough to make car to be equilibrated on the not high slip velocity.In order to prevent this downslide, the present invention is provided with centrifugal joint speed at the necessary position of each embodiment, just have the fast function of centrifugal joint concurrently as the described synchronous axle sleeve 14 of present embodiment, thereby it is perfect that the present invention is more attained.

Now further specify the reason that the present invention does not want retarder and unit in conjunction with Fig. 1: at first, the present invention low regime (is below 0.5 meter per second by standard), relatively is suitable for building below nine layers with the speed designs of lifting operation.For example be about 0.24 meter per second, be equivalent to go upstairs 1.5 times of speed of ordinary people, flat bed is simplified, and alleviate wearing and tearing and improve reliability and life-span.If electrical motor 13 is four utmost points, then electrical speed is about 24 revolutions per seconds, and the speed ratio of establishing driving gear 15 and drive nut 16 is 1, gets 0.01 meter/commentaries on classics after then being divided by, and the pitch of leading screw 4 is 0.01 meter=10 millimeters in other words, is a very moderate numerical value.As seen, design of the present invention really could be abandoned retarder and unit, and electrical motor 13 is maximum afloat four utmost point motors that are easy to obtain, and volume is little in light weight and economical! Certainly, leading screw 4 pitch still are 10 millimeters when selecting two-pole machine for use, and then rising or falling speed will rise to about 0.48 meter per second---still belong to the low speed type, just driving motor power will double, and the wearing and tearing of corresponding drive disk assembly also will be a little bigger.So, the present invention is under the numerical value prerequisite of 10 millimeters these easy processing and manufacturings in design leading screw 4 pitch, rising or falling speed can be selected and 16 speed ratios apolegamys of driving gear 15 and drive nut change at 0.48～0.24 meter per second by two, four utmost points of electrical motor 13, and does not need retarder and unit.Is design-calculated transmission device so of the present invention a failure-free not having under the retarder situation? answer very sure, and reliable.Because, what undertaking main deceleration task is the ball screw pair that the present invention designs employing, nut on the ball screw pair is that the drive nut 16 in the embodiment of the invention is the bearing steel manufacturing of common employing, this gauge member of ball also is bearing steel usually, leading screw 4 is as long as made by the enough materials of hardness, then their combination is just wear-resisting and reliable just as the common ball bearing of main shaft that people see, needn't worry long-term operation continuously under the normal load.It is lubricated also to be common grease! The resistance to abrasion and the reliability of the ball bearing of main shaft on two utmost points or four utmost point motors prove by the fact, and so, equally the load resistance to abrasion and the reliability of the ball screw pair that drive nut 16 and leading screw 4 in the same the present invention form of speed also will ccontainingly be doubted.Really, the someone can say that " ball on the ball bearing of main shaft is separated by cartridge clip and do not had the phase mutual friction, and heating is few; Must the phase mutual friction between ball in the ball screw pair and generate heat many ".Right, but the ball in the ball screw pair is a lot of and the work of participating in is being rotated in circulation, thereby do not have problems of excessive heat itself with regard to ball, be intermittent in short-term let alone elevator work.If car weighs one ton altogether after the carrying, because of the present invention does not establish counterweight driving efficiency very high (looking mechanism different about 0.8～0.95), according to calculating, power was 3～2.5 kilowatts when four utmost point motor-driven were moved at 0.24 meter per second, and two-pole machine driving power when 0.48 meter per second moves is 6～5 kilowatts.Transmission device importantly of the present invention does not have self-locking performance and efficient very high, can realize regenerative brake when car is descending, can be easily with the energy feedback grid, so the operation electricity charge in fact will be very low.

Illustrate that below in conjunction with Fig. 3 leading screw of the present invention installs and slack-free another embodiment: described installation and tensioning and Fig. 2 embodiment are basic identical, and different is is not to wear steel core rope 25 but worn steel core bar 30 in the leading screw 4.Only be illustrated below with regard to the structure and the dress method thereof of steel core bar 30.Save core rope screw 9, the Hough folder 10 among Fig. 2 embodiment and annotate plumbous tail of rope 11, and by the threaded steel core bar tail 31 of tight core nut 8 direct lift belts.Steel core bar 30 is rigid to be subjected to limitation of length again so want segmentation, and cover 32 is connected to whole steel core bar 30 long slightly than leading screw 4 by taking over the baton.For steel core caput 29 is inserted, the steel core caput has for 29 times six-sided head and following leading screw seat 6 hole inner hexagonal holes to match, steel core caput 29 length should make the most following first take over the baton cover 33 just 27 times neighbours of the most following first leading screw 4 joints, give like this that steel core bar tail 31 (the whole steel core bar 30 of ining succession) on contracting earlier can down be twisted and steel core caput 29 and steel core bar 30 and steel core bar tail 31 are unified.When with Fig. 2 embodiment described like that leading screw 4 is adorned appropriate tensioning after, with torque spanner tight core nut 8 is screwed to the designing requirement tightness again, steel core bar 30 just had the design desired stress.Steel core bar 30 has also played the described steel core rope 25 identical effects that ensure safety really with Fig. 2 embodiment, and 4 fractures occur in joint 27 places as leading screw, and the centering effect meeting of 30 pairs of leading screws 4 of steel core bar is more better than steel core rope 25.

Fig. 4 is another embodiment that car 20 (not shown) of the present invention are directed on leading screw 4.On gear frame 12 tops of car, straight drive nut 16c is enclosed within and has constituted ball screw pair on the leading screw 4 with it.Straight drive nut 16c is loaded in the gear frame 12 and with straight driving gear 15b through

bearing

17a, 17c and end cap 33a and is meshed, and motor reel 13a drives the car lifting through straight driving gear 15b and straight drive nut 16c.After guiding nut 47 is enclosed within on the leading screw 4 and constitutes identical ball screw pair, be loaded on the bottom of gear frame 12 through bearing 17b and end cap 33b.Directly initiatively nut 16c and bottom guiding nut 47 are finished rigid attachment with top with connecing cover key 35 with screw thread to connect cover 34 two ends.So guiding nut 47 spaces out with straight initiatively nut 16c and when rotating on the leading screw 4 synchronously, just guiding is born load again jointly each other.For aforesaid limit switch only changes not lifting when malfunctioning, described leading screw 4 no thread segments will match with it; Can make guiding nut 47 that directional tagging is only arranged if cancellation connects cover 34 and changes bearing 17b, problem is just comparatively simple.Collar 48 prevents to connect the cover key and falls for 35 times.Described end cap 33a and end cap 33b hold concurrently and can keep grease and dustproof.

Fig. 5 is the transmission device schematic top view of the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 when driving.Leading screw 4 and umbrella drive nut 16a wherein is a pair of, umbrella driving gear 15a and electrical motor 13 are also a pair of.Umbrella driving gear 15a and umbrella drive nut 16a at right angles mesh.Two crouch dress electrical motor 13 tail tails relatively with synchronous axle sleeve 14 connections synchronously, and entire mechanism is done word row.Two identical electrical motors 13 drive two umbrella drive nut 16a through axle head two umbrella driving gear 15a and do contrarotation.Synchronous axle sleeve 14 also has the fast function of centrifugal joint concurrently, in case the descending hypervelocity of car 20 (not shown).Adopt two same electrical motivations 13 can standby each other raising reliability, under the identical prerequisite of total generating capacity, general two same motor be littler than the rotor inertia of a motor, helped control of braking and flat bed.

Fig. 6 is the structural scheme of mechanism of the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 when separate unit electrical motor 13 drives.All the other are identical with Fig. 5 embodiment except that 13 1 of electrical motors, but this moment synchronously axle sleeve 14 had only centrifugal joint speed to act on.

The embodiment scheme drawing that Fig. 7 borrows chain-driving to drive for the opposite ball screw pair separate unit electrical motor 13 of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.The drive sprocket 37 of one motor(vertical), 13 lower axial end drives chain 38 and does one-way movement, but by three sprocket wheels 36, a pair of chain drive nut 16b realizes switched in opposite.The centrifugal joint of present embodiment is fast by drive sprocket 37 furthermore, and therefore simple in structure, cost is lower, is applicable to the lighter elevator of the less load of carrying.

The schematic top view of another embodiment when Fig. 8 is two same electrical motivations of the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1,13 vertical drivings.Directly mesh straight drive nut 16c through toothed chain wheel 39 and the fast gear 41 of joint about two identical motor(vertical) 13 switched in opposite are divided, make and do contrarotation.Wherein save fast gear 41 and mesh 39 chainings 38 of another toothed chain wheel 39, two toothed chain wheels of the left side again.Described two heel teeth teeth or the engagement of chain chain are than identical, and two toothed chain wheels 39 turn to identical synchronous with chain 38.The fast function of centrifugal joint is held a concurrent post by the fast gear 41 of joint.Two same electrical motivation 13 switched in opposite, the moment of momentum that plays the glancing impact rotor is also disappeared and balance mutually, and the elevator operation is just more steady.Present embodiment is very simple and be applicable to the elevator of car broad.

If car is narrower, then Fig. 9 embodiment is more economical.The scheme drawing of another embodiment when Fig. 9 is two same electrical motivations of the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1,13 vertical drivings.Present embodiment all is that double-type straight-tooth meshes and realizes driving and synchronously.Obviously, two straight driving gear 15b switched in opposite, two straight drive nut 16c switched in opposite, two carrier gear 40 switched in opposite on the switched in opposite of two same electrical motivations 13, the motor reel, even turning to of two synchronous joint speed gears 41 is also opposite, in short, left-right symmetric lined up in one word, thereby moment of momentum always disappears and balance mutually in the braking procedure, moves very steady.Centrifugal governor is arranged to suppress the descending hypervelocity of car with the fast gear 41 of joint synchronously.Be applicable to the elevator that car is narrow.

Figure 10 is that the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 makes to drive when holding concurrently guiding a simplest embodiment scheme drawing that does not have transmission device.Directly do drive nut and comparatively accurate centrifugal governor (all not showing among the figure) in the rotor of motor special 42, only two identical motor specials 42 need stood to be fixed on the car 20 (not shown) top and just finish, switched in opposite is finished by wiring between them.So, all serve as with joint speed synchronously by the accurate centrifugal governor in motor special 42 rotors, therefore, armature loop should be shaped on high electrical resistance and be convenient to obtain software feature synchronously.Obviously, motor special 42 rotor-support-foundation systems also disappear and balance mutually at the moment of momentum that plays glancing impact, operate steadily.The simplicity of present embodiment makes it that very wide applicability be arranged.

Figure 11 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, by the 13 vertical drivings of two same electrical motivations and carry out the embodiment scheme drawing of transmission device when synchronous with chain 38.Two straight driving gear 15b of cover and upright electrical motor 13, carrier gear 40, the fast gear 41 of joint, the straight drive nut 16c that is loaded on top are straight-tooth, join straight-tooth on two toothed chain wheels 39 finished about the straight-tooth engagement of two cover main gears, 39 chainings of two toothed chain wheels 38 carry out synchronously.Two same electrical motivations about 13 minutes in the dislocation mode, switched in opposite and synchronously drive two couples of straight drive nut 16c and do in twos running on the contrary, left-right symmetric plays a glancing impact moment of momentum and disappears and balance mutually, thereby realizes steady lifting.Save the centrifugal joint speed of fast gear 41 energy, in case the descending hypervelocity of car.Article four, leading screw 4 double as lead, and rigidity is fine, so present embodiment is applicable to the bigger elevator of the more shallow passenger capacity again of the more car of floor.

Figure 12 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, by the 13 horizontal drivings of two same electrical motivations and to save the embodiment scheme drawing that fast gear 41 carries out transmission device when synchronous.Before two dress electrical motors 13 that crouch on axle head two umbrella driving gear 15a and two the straight bidentates wheels 43 in identical angle the umbrella tooth do identical right angle engagement separately, all the other transmissions then all are that straight-tooth meshes.About dividing relatively, two same electrical motivation 13 tail tails take turns 43 and six carrier gears through two straight bidentates in angle in odd even dislocation mode, following synchronously at two joint speed gears 41 that are loaded on two electrical motors, 13 tailing axle ends, turn to and drive two couples of straight drive nut 16c in twos on the contrary, left-right symmetric, play the glancing impact moment of momentum and disappear and balance mutually, thereby realize steady lifting.Save fast gear double 41 the fast function of synchronous and centrifugal joint is arranged.Article four, leading screw 4 double as guiding, rigidity is better, the elevator that passenger capacity is bigger so present embodiment is applicable to that the more car of floor is more shallow.

Figure 13 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, drives a simplest embodiment scheme drawing that does not have transmission device by four identical motor specials 42.The described embodiment of the structure of motor special 42, effect and installation and Figure 10 is identical, and carried the joint fast function, just present embodiment has adopted four identical motor specials 42 to be made into two pairs of identical ball screw pairs with four leading screws 4, turn to and made the glancing impact moment of momentum balance that disappears mutually in twos on the contrary, operate steadily, thereby the guiding rigidity is better, load-carrying capacity is bigger, wide the limit deeply of car and almost be applicable to all elevators.

Figure 14 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, saves the embodiment scheme drawing that fast gear 49 carries out transmission device when synchronous by the 13 horizontal drivings of two same electrical motivations and with umbrella.Two crouch dress motor shaft end dress umbrella driving gear 15a and angle, angle bidentate wheel 44 each one, and about the branch right angle be engaged on two couples of umbrella drive nut 16a, axle 50 two are respectively adorned an identical umbrella that the fast function of centrifugal joint is arranged and are saved fast gear 49 and be engaged in left and right corner angle bidentate wheel 44 in the right angle respectively, make mechanism be the H shape and connect.Electrical motor 13 directions in the left and right sides are opposite and energy is synchronous, left-right symmetric, and two couples of identical umbrella drive nut 16a synchronously make antiport in twos, play a glancing impact moment of momentum and disappear and balance mutually, operate steadily.Be applicable to the big and bigger elevator of passenger capacity of the more car of floor.But because of having adopted more crowngear, cost is high slightly.

Figure 15 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, by the 13 vertical drivings of two same electrical motivations and carry out the embodiment scheme drawing of transmission device when synchronous with two identical joint speed gears 41.All being designed to X-shaped with straight-tooth gears in mesh messenger chain arranges.Two identical motor(vertical) 13 switched in opposite, via two the identical straight driving gear 15b in bottom, respectively mesh and drive two couples of straight drive nut 16c through each four identical carrier gear 40 for herringbone ground left-right symmetric, the two identical joint speed gears 41 that the fast function of centrifugal joint is arranged mesh two electrical motors synchronously again, play the glancing impact moment of momentum and disappear and balance mutually, realize steady lifting.All the straight-tooth transmission is very simple.Be applicable to that floor is more, car size is less and elevator that load-carrying is very big.

Figure 16 is two pairs of ball screw pairs that rotation direction is opposite embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, the embodiment scheme drawing of a transmission device during by the 13 vertical drivings of two same electrical motivations and with chain 38 transmissions.Two motor(vertical)s 13 of switched in opposite are drive sprocket 37 and chain 38 separately through the bottom, drive two separately chain drive nut 16b make antiport in twos.36 tensionings of two sprocket wheels are chain 38 and increase its cornerite separately.Finish by a duplex sprocket wheel 45 synchronously.The fast function of centrifugal joint is also held a concurrent post by drive sprocket 37.Present embodiment is simple in structure, also is four leading screw 4 double as guiding, and rigidity is fine, is applicable to that the more load of floor is general and car size requires very big elevator.

Prove now the present invention trip, during fault such as power failure, because of can not the turn round embodiment of manual self-service lowering means when making the car Halfway Stopping of motor.As everyone knows, go to penthouse by the stranger after must alarming when traditional elevator stops halfway and carry out " jiggering " implementation decline, thus chronic.The present invention is quite different, and it is self-service descending that the passenger utilizes present embodiment to carry out easily, thereby flat bed is withdrawn nearby.Obviously, car is descended must make drg declutch earlier.Though the drg kind is a lot, always nothing more than three types, promptly " the blue order " of " band-type brake " of braking wheel cylinder, braking dish end face and cone rotor and ring match axially to stop and stop.The back often is linked to be integral body with electrical motor for two kinds, only needs axially pulling just can declutch, and is simple; The former is big widely applicable often independent because of setting range, declutch and must break two brake control levers into two with one's hands, trouble.It is embodiment that the present invention breaks lock off with the fingers and thumb with pulling force, thereby has ubiquity.Figure 17 is the manually scheme drawing of self-service descending device embodiment of the present invention.At ordinary times, handle 51 is buckled in and motionlessly in the jump ring 52 of car inboard wall groove does not also hinder carrying, manually firmly handle 51 is pulled down in jump ring 52 when descending, handle 51 and cam 53 rotate around little axle 67, cam 53 jack-up rollers 54 force fork 55 to clockwise rotate and spur downwards pine explain the rope 56, through several guide wheel 57 guiding of declutching, no matter drg has several or upright or for sleeping in, the rope 56 total energy pullings of declutching are declutched and are clamped 58 two clamp bar slots, the 59 past center clampings that make on its jaw, thereby replacing electromagnet (always toward the center application of force) to break brake control lever into two with one's hands realizes declutching, when drg is not " band-type brake " type of must two breaking off with the fingers and thumb, can omit and declutch pincers 58 and directly axially execute to draw by the rope 56 that declutches and declutch, because so cam 53 turns over the constant pine of radius behind the certain angle and explains executing just to draw and stopping before going too far of rope 56, has not only kept the suitable power that declutches but also make handle 51 after this can deal with jiggering like a cork; Meanwhile, pin 60 spurs jiggering rope 61 downwards on the handle 51, through several jiggering guide wheel 62 guiding, no matter several turn to different drive motor or upright or crouch, jiggering rope 61 total energy pulling pull bars 63 make car descending by ratchet 65 rotations on the moving imput shaft of the unidirectional sour jujube tooth 64 positive firm offers of a row.According to Fig. 1 embodiment, the present invention of not self-locking of transmission device, once dish moving when descending car will under self-gravity action, need little power automatically or only and descending, and can save speed automatically.Because of current elevator is a computer control dc operation, cheap standby battery or UPS are arranged, so refer to layer and open the door and normally to carry out, when demonstration arrives nearby the aspect flat bed, handle 51 pushed home are sticked into jump ring 52, declutch under the retarding spring power effect on drg pincers 58, declutch rope 56 and fork 55 back answer, simultaneously, act on lower links 63 and jiggering rope 61 is answered back in pull bar extension spring 66.Unidirectional sour jujube tooth 64 skids inoperatively on ratchet 65 when returning again, and withdraws from engagement and does not influence the normal operation of imput shaft.Is excuse me, this manually self-service descending device what weakling or old man can actuatings? can! Calculating shows, implement described driving power at 6～2.5 kilowatt meters (should note the motor speed difference) according to Fig. 1, get at the brake safe coefficient and to be to the maximum in 2, only need lock torque 4.1～3.4 kg-ms, described handle 51 length are got 0.8 meter, getting the driving efficiency that declutches the poorest is 0.7, and the power of then pulling handle 51 only needs 7.3～6.1 kilograms.The present invention gets handle design downwards again and pulls, so this puts little power to any actor that can go out all will easily be usually.

In sum; the present invention do not have not the unit guide rail, save machine room, do not have overspeed protection and safety tongs, automatically fast, simple in structure, the reliable transmission efficient height of joint, little power-saving, the no pit of power take up an area of less, self-service the withdrawing of power failure, so have low price, safe, highly reliable, the easy comformability of height.

Claims

1, a kind of high-rise blocks below nine layers is characterized in that with simple, safe, cheap no unit elevator device:

One is positioned at the other hoistway that does not have pit of public corridor, and the platform of then turning back during double ladder is exactly the on-board and off-board aspect that hoistway opens the door, and well enclosure is equipped with some guide wheel is assisted the car work and leads;

A sky beam places well headroom;

Have at least a pair of pitch to equate the parallel outstanding Tian Liangxia that is stuck in of the opposite leading screw of rotation direction, leading screw bears car load and double as guide rail with pulling force, two has one section not have the screw thread of driving, do not change during work, leading screw is hollow, in the hole or wear with steel core rope and tensioning, or wears with also slack-free steel core bar, when all being twisted off simultaneously as all leading screws, rope or rod can guarantee that car never falls down;

Grade beam places the hoistway bottom, blocks leading screw and it is not changeed and guarantees the parallel and vertical of each leading screw, and leading screw is applied tensile stress make it to have enough rigidity, the eccentricity that causes with opposing car unbalance loading, thus the order guiding is smooth and easy;

The car of a carrying, at least the pulling force by a pair of leading screw bears its weight and load, when the nut of at least one pair of on being loaded on car and leading screw coupling rotates synchronously, drive car and do dipping and heaving, the threadless leading screw in two makes lifting stop automatically when limit switch is malfunctioning;

2, elevator device according to claim 1, it is characterized by: described at least one pair of leading screw is blocked under the Yu Tianliang by seat of honour screw retention through last leading screw seat, key, last leading screw seat is shaped on mesopore and keyway, the mesopore hypomere has the screw thread that mates with the leading screw top to be screwed in order to leading screw, last leading screw seat mesopore epimere is put into tight core nut in order to the tensioning steel core bar, as wear the steel core rope then also put core rope screw could tensioning the steel core rope.

3, elevator device according to claim 1, it is characterized by: described at least one pair of leading screw is through leading screw seat, key, following seat cushion sheet, a following screw retention are stuck on the grade beam down, following leading screw seat is shaped on mesopore and keyway, the mesopore epimere is shaped on the screw thread that mates with the leading screw bottom and is screwed in order to leading screw, following leading screw seat mesopore hypomere, make taper hole when wearing the steel core rope in the leading screw and insert, in the time will wearing steel core bar in the leading screw, make hexagon ring for there being the steel core caput of six-sided head to snap in for cover of wedge and wedge.

4, elevator device according to claim 1; it is characterized by: described at least one pair of leading screw is connected to sufficient length downwards one by one via joint and is stuck in admittedly between day beam and the grade beam; in the leading screw centre hole; need cover to mould cover protection steel core rope when wearing the steel core rope between joint mesopore and steel core rope, when wearing steel core bar steel core caput, steel core bar and steel core bar tail are connected into integral body.

5, according to claim 1,4 described elevator devices, it is characterized by: being with on the described leading screw also is the last bump rubber, bearing of at least one pair of, initiatively nut, bearing and end cap, orienting sleeve or guiding nut or bearing and end cap, bump rubber etc. down.

6, according to claim 1,4,5 described elevator devices, it is characterized by: the described leading screw that is stuck in admittedly between day beam and grade beam is gone ahead of the rest and freely is suspended from Tian Liangxia, static back gravity makes double-type leading screw vertical, afterwards that grade beam is dead admittedly in the borehole wall hole of the hoistway bottom of reserving with cement concrete, unclamp following screw after cement concrete is hard admittedly and take out seat cushion sheet down, the former for another example seat screw that reinstalls down, to descend a screw to be screwed to the tightness of designing requirement with torque spanner, before described upper and lower leading screw seat dispatches from the factory with day, grade beam done the location, so not only vertical but also be parallel to each other of paired leading screw.

7, according to claim 1,4, described elevator device, its tensioning and effect of wearing steel core rope or steel core bar is characterised in that:

When wearing the steel core rope, Hough is clipped in to be annotated under the plumbous tail of rope, torque spanner makes the steel core rope have the stress of requirement the tight core nut screwing clamping on the core rope screw, when described paired leading screw all ruptures, Tian Liang and ground stress beam resilience, steel core rope stress can not decay or slightly rise, because of the two ends up and down of leading screw all being fixed by leading screw seat up and down, leading screw can or not drop car because of fracture is divided into two sections or disconnect and to fall down;

When wearing steel core bar, cover unifies steel core caput, steel core bar, steel core bar tail with taking over the baton, make steel core bar have the stress of requirement tight core nut screwing clamping with torque spanner, when described paired leading screw all ruptures, Tian Liang and ground stress beam resilience, steel core bar stress can not decay or slightly rise, because of leading screw is all being fixed by leading screw seat up and down at two up and down, leading screw can be because of fracture be divided into two sections or disconnect and to fall down, and car can not drop.

8, according to claim 1,2,3,5 described elevator devices, its drive system is characterised in that: car top is equipped with gear frame, an electrical motor is housed on the gear frame at least, electrical motor is meshed with the drive nut that tooth is arranged and be enclosed within on the leading screw through driving gear, drive nut by bearing can be on gear frame transmission and constitute ball screw pair through endoporus spiral and ball and leading screw, electrical motor makes car do the lifting operation in view of the above, when adopting two above electrical motors, there is synchronous device to make drive nut synchronous, in order to avoid car is stuck; Descending hypervelocity when described drive system also has centrifugal governor to prevent that electrical motor is out of control; The bottom of gear frame is equipped with a pair of orienting sleeve at least, and car is implemented guiding; At least each a pair of bump rubber up and down is contained in gear frame top and orienting sleeve bottom and is enclosed within on the leading screw, when car is done dipping and heaving, bump rubber can be with rotation to leading screw cleaning dust and lubricated up and down, when the high-low limit malfunctioning switch, when drive nut enters leading screw and does not have thread segment and only change not lifting, bump rubber makes car be parked in described below of leading screw seat up and down or top reposefully up and down, and " rushing to summit " and " at the bottom of the rammer " will not be arranged as traditional elevator.

9, according to claim 1,8 described elevator devices, car is implemented driving and leads that another kind of the selection can be arranged, it is characterized in that: described at least one pair of drive nut bottom, through connecing cover with screw thread with connect cover key and at least one pair of guiding nut and carry out rigid attachment, guiding nut is enclosed within on the leading screw bottom that constitutes identical ball screw pair and be loaded on gear frame through bearing and end cap, guiding nut spaces out with nut initiatively and when rotating on the leading screw synchronously, not only lead but also bear load jointly, described leading screw does not have and drives thread segment and should match with it yet, and nut only changes not lifting when reaching capacity malfunctioning switch; If cancellation connect cover and transposing guiding nut head bearing then guiding nut only lead and do not undertake lotus; Engagement system has straight-tooth or umbrella tooth or sprocket etc. multiple between described driving gear and drive nut.

10, according to claim 1,8 described elevator devices, car is also had auxiliary guiding, it is characterized in that: some guide wheel is loaded on the described well enclosure, car outer wall folding has the groove that matches with it, so car has just had the auxiliary guiding of guide wheel.

11, according to claim 1,8,9 described elevator devices, described car is driven by the opposite ball screw pair of a pair of rotation direction or during guiding, transmission device has six kinds of selections, it is characterized in that:

One: two identical crouching are adorned electronic tail tail with synchronous axle sleeve distich, and motor shaft end is respectively adorned a umbrella driving gear, and the right angle engagement drives the umbrella drive nut, switched in opposite between two umbrella drive nuts, and axle sleeve has both centrifugal governor synchronously;

Its two: the dress electrical motor two axial ends that crouch are respectively adorned a umbrella driving gear and the engagement of a pair of umbrella drive nut right angle, two umbrella drive nut switched in opposite then, and only to make centrifugal joint fast for axle sleeve synchronously;

Its three: motor(vertical)s borrow chain-driving to drive, and electrical motor bottom drive sprocket drives a chain one-way movement, by three sprocket wheels, make a pair of chain drive nut realize switched in opposite, and centrifugal joint speed by drive sprocket furthermore;

Mesh straight drive nut through toothed chain wheel, the fast direct geared of joint about its four: two identical motor(vertical) switched in opposite are divided, save fast gear and mesh another toothed chain wheel again, it is identical synchronous with chain that two toothed chain wheels turn to, and the fast function of centrifugal joint is held a concurrent post by the fast gear of joint;

Its five: mesh with double-type straight-tooth and to realize driving and synchronously, two identical motor(vertical) switched in opposite, two straight driving gears make two straight drive nut switched in opposite through two carrier gears on the motor reel, two synchronous joint speed gears have centrifugal governor concurrently and are engaged in to switched in opposite between the two straight driving gears left-right symmetric in one line again;

Directly do drive nut and comparatively accurate centrifugal governor in the rotor of its six: two identical motor specials, standing and be fixed on the car roof, switched in opposite, armature loop is made high electrical resistance and is obtained synchronously with software feature.

12, according to claim 1,8,9 described elevator devices, described car is driven by the opposite in twos ball screw pair of two pairs of rotation directions or during guiding, transmission device has six kinds of selections, it is characterized in that:

One: the electrical motor on the two straight driving gears of cover and its top of upright dress, carrier gear, joint speed gear, straight drive nut all are straight-tooth, mix straight-tooth on the toothed chain wheel finish about the straight-tooth engagement of two cover main gears, chaining carries out synchronously between two toothed chain wheels, dislocation is done in twos running on the contrary to drive two pairs of straight drive nuts about two motors, saves the centrifugal joint speed of fast gear energy;

Its two: two same electrical motivation tail tails relatively dislocation drive two pairs of straight drive nuts and make and turn on the contrary in twos after two straight bidentates wheels in angle and six carrier gears, and to have the fast gear mesh of joint of the fast function of centrifugal joint concurrently synchronous through being loaded on tail end for two electrical motors;

Its three: four identical motor specials are standing and are being fixed on the car roof, and " its six " are described identical in the technical characterictic of motor special structure and effect and the claim 11;

Its four: two crouch dress switched in opposite motor shaft end dress umbrella driving gear and angle, angle bidentate wheel each one, right angle, the branch left and right sides is engaged on two pairs of umbrella drive nuts, having bar axle two respectively to adorn an identical umbrella that the fast function of centrifugal joint is arranged saves fast gear and is engaged in left and right corner angle bidentate wheel in the right angle respectively, make mechanism be the H shape and connect left-right symmetric;

Its five: all be designed to X-shaped and arrange with straight-tooth gears in mesh messenger chain, two identical motor(vertical) switched in opposite, two identical straight driving gears through the bottom, respectively for herringbone ground left-right symmetric meshes and drive two pairs of straight drive nuts through each four identical carrier gears, the two identical joint speed gears that the fast function of centrifugal joint is arranged mesh two electrical motors synchronously again;

Its six: two motor(vertical)s of switched in opposite are drive sprocket and chain separately through the bottom, drive two pairs of chain drive nuts and make antiport in twos, two sprocket wheel tensionings separately chain and increase cornerite, finish by a duplex sprocket wheel synchronously, the fast function of centrifugal joint is held a concurrent post by drive sprocket.

13, elevator device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: leading screw pitch generally is designed to 10 moderate millimeter, when electrical motor selects four utmost points or two utmost points and under the transmission device speed ratio cooperated, running velocity generally can change between 0.24～0.48 meter per second.

14, according to claim 1,8,9,11,12 described elevator devices, it is characterized in that: descendingly borrow regenerative brake and economize on electricity.

15, elevator device according to claim 1, self-service descending device is characterized in that: self-servicely handle is pulled down in car inboard wall groove jump ring when descending, through little axle with cam, fork, the guide wheel and the rope that declutches declutch, pulling is declutched and is clamped the brake control lever of the past center of the two clamp bar slots holding brake that makes on the jaw, replace electromagnet to break brake control lever into two with one's hands and declutch, when drg is not " band-type brake " type, omit the pincers that declutch and directly execute to draw by the rope that declutches and declutch; Simultaneously, distribution, jiggering rope, jiggering guide wheel, the pulling pull bar, the ratchet rotation that unidirectional sour jujube tooth drives on the imput shaft on the pull bar makes car descending; Power autonomous making refer to layer and open the door as usual, shows when arriving nearby the aspect flat bed to push back handle, and each runback of described mechanism returns, and unidirectional sour jujube tooth withdraws from engagement does not influence normal operation.