CN109638306B - A kind of electrocatalytic material for ammonia catalytic oxidation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of electrocatalytic material for ammonia catalytic oxidation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于氨催化氧化的电催化材料及其制备方法。该电催化材料以氮化钽或者氧化钽为载体，Pt附着在该载体上。其制备方法是：将载体与H2PtCl6溶于乙醇与水的混合液中，在惰性气体保护及一定温度条件下发生反应；然后，将反应后的产物洗涤、真空抽滤，再经烘干。与纯Pt作为电催化材料相比，该电催化材料不仅提高了Pt的分散度，降低了成本，而且提高了对氨催化氧化的催化性能，并且能够减少在氨的电催化氧化中产生的有毒中间产物Nads，从而提高了催化材料的耐久性。
The invention discloses an electrocatalytic material for catalytic oxidation of ammonia and a preparation method thereof. The electrocatalytic material uses tantalum nitride or tantalum oxide as a carrier, and Pt is attached to the carrier. The preparation method is as follows: dissolving the carrier and H 2 PtCl 6 in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and reacting under the protection of an inert gas and a certain temperature; then, washing the reacted product, vacuum filtration, and drying Dry. Compared with pure Pt as an electrocatalytic material, the electrocatalytic material not only improves the dispersion of Pt and reduces the cost, but also improves the catalytic performance for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, and can reduce the toxic and toxic generated in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia. intermediate Nads, thereby improving the durability of the catalytic material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalysis, and particularly relates to an electrocatalysis material for ammonia catalytic oxidation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology is an important direction of the current energy strategy in China, and has important significance for realizing low-carbon environmental protection development. However, hydrogen is extremely difficult to liquefy, and large-scale storage and transportation technology is difficult and high in cost, so that the wide application of the hydrogen fuel cell is severely restricted. The ammonia gas can be liquefied only by 8.5 atmospheric pressures at room temperature, the volume energy density of the liquid ammonia greatly exceeds that of high-pressure hydrogen, and carbon emission can be avoided during synthesis and power generation. In addition, ammonia synthesis, liquefaction, storage and transportation technologies are well established. Therefore, ammonia is expected to be a zero-carbon emission fuel to replace hydrogen for large-scale application.
Typical Fuel Cells operate under acidic conditions, whereas ammonia can be electro-catalytically oxidized under alkaline conditions, and Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC) operate under alkaline conditions, so that ammonia can serve as a Fuel energy source for the AEMFC.
The performance of an ammonia-fueled AEMFC depends primarily on the catalyst. Single metal catalysts such as Pt, Ru, etc. can cause the open circuit voltage to be too low when used as anode materials, mainly because of the high overpotential required for ammonia oxidation on these catalysts. In addition, the metal electrode is selectively oxidized to generate N2The catalytic activity of (a) is related to the kind of intermediate products formed by the reaction at the surface of the electrode: when the intermediate product generated on the surface of the electrode is NHads or NH2When ads is used, the catalytic activity of electrode nitrogen precipitation is strong; when the intermediate product is Nads, the catalytic activity of the electrode for nitrogen evolution is remarkably reduced. The strength of the Nads which is an intermediate product adsorbed on the surface of different metal electrodes in the electrochemical oxidation process is Ru in sequence>Rh>Pd>Ir>Pt。
Pt has relatively weak Nads adsorption energy and high catalytic dehydrogenation capacity, and is the most ideal ammonia electrocatalytic material at present. However, Pt metal is expensive, which limits its large-scale application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical situation, the present invention aims to provide an electrocatalytic material for ammonia catalytic oxidation, which has the advantages of low cost and high catalytic performance.
To achieve the above technical object, the present inventors have found that tantalum nitride (Ta)3N5) Tantalum nitride or tantalum oxide (Ta)2O5) When Pt is attached to the carrier as a carrier, the dispersibility of Pt can be improved and the catalytic activity of Pt for catalytic oxidation of ammonia can be improved.
Namely, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electrocatalytic material for catalytic oxidation of ammonia, characterized in that said electrocatalytic material is tantalum nitride (Ta)3N5) Or tantalum oxide (Ta)2O5) As a support, Pt is attached to the support.
Preferably, in the electrocatalytic material, the mass ratio of Pt to the carrier is 1:5 to 1: 1.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the electrocatalytic material for ammonia catalytic oxidation, which comprises the following steps:
reacting the vector with H2PtCl6Dissolving in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and reacting under the protection of inert gas at a certain temperature; and then, washing and vacuum-filtering the product after reaction, and drying to obtain the Pt-based electro-catalytic material.
Preferably, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution of ethanol and water is 5:1 to 1:5, and more preferably 3:1 to 1: 3.
Preferably, the temperature is 120-180 ℃, and more preferably 140-170 ℃.
The reaction time is preferably 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 2 to 8 hours.
Preferably, the product after the reaction is washed with a mixed solution of ethanol and water. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, tantalum nitride or tantalum oxide is used as a carrier, Pt is dispersed on the carrier to form the electro-catalytic material, and compared with pure Pt as the electro-catalytic material, the electro-catalytic material has the advantages that the dispersion degree of Pt is improved, the cost is reduced, the catalytic performance of ammonia catalytic oxidation can be improved, and toxic intermediate products Nads generated in the electro-catalytic oxidation of ammonia can be reduced, so that the durability of the catalytic material is improved.
(2) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and the Pt is subjected to in-situ reduction at a certain temperature, so that the Pt is effectively fixed on the carrier to form the Pt-based electro-catalytic material on the carrier.
(3) Under the same other conditions, the Pt-based electrocatalytic materials using tantalum nitride, tantalum oxide and Keqin carbon as carriers are compared, and the Pt-based electrocatalytic material using tantalum nitride as the carrier, the Pt-based electrocatalytic material using Keqin carbon as the carrier, and the Pt-based electrocatalytic material using tantalum oxide as the carrier, which have the highest catalytic performance and durability of ammonia catalytic oxidation, are used. Therefore, when tantalum nitride is used as a carrier, the catalytic performance of the catalyst for ammonia catalytic oxidation is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of Pt/Ta produced in example 1 of the present invention3N5TEM images of the electrocatalytic material.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of Pt/Ta produced in example 2 of the present invention2O5TEM images of the electrocatalytic material.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of Pt/Ta produced in example 1 of the present invention3N5Cyclic voltammograms in ammonia-containing and ammonia-free solutions when the electrocatalytic material is used as a working electrode.
FIG. 4 is a cyclic voltammogram of an ammonia-containing solution when Pt-based electrocatalytic materials prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention and pure platinum sheet electrocatalytic materials were used as working electrodes.
FIG. 5 is a graph of current density versus time in an ammonia-containing solution when Pt-based electrocatalytic materials prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention are used as working electrodes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1:
in this example, the electrocatalytic material for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia was Ta3N5As a support, Pt was attached to the support, and the mass ratio of Pt to the support was 1: 2.
The preparation method of the electrocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) 20mg of Ta3N5Dissolving the powder in 60mL of mixed solution of ethanol and water at a volume ratio of 3:2, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, and adding 2.04mL of 50mM H2PtCl6Uniformly mixing the solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, putting the three-neck flask into an oil bath at the temperature of 140 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, introducing nitrogen, and naturally cooling;
(3) and (3) filtering and washing the product obtained in the step (2) by using a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and drying the product in a 50 ℃ oven for 5 hours to obtain the Pt-based electro-catalytic material.
A TEM image of a sample of the Pt-based electrocatalytic material prepared as described above is shown in FIG. 1, in which Pt particles are dispersed in Ta3N5On a carrier to form Pt/Ta3N5Electrocatalytic material with Pt supported in Ta3N550% of the mass of the support.
The Pt/Ta prepared above is added3N5Electrocatalytic materials were used for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, whose catalytic performance was evaluated as follows:
(1) Pt/Ta prepared as described above using a three-electrode system3N5The catalytic electrode is a working electrode, the saturated calomel electrode is a reference electrode, the graphite electrode is a counter electrode, and the 1M KOH aqueous solution and the 1M KOH and 0.1M NH3 aqueous solution are electrolyte solutions respectively. Electrochemical workstation using CHI760E workstation from Shanghai Chenghua instruments Inc., a current density curve (CV curve) was recorded at a scanning speed of 20mv/s with a change in voltage. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, in the curve in which the electrolyte contains ammonia, a distinct redox current peak appears at-0.38V, which is the oxidation current peak of ammonia compared to the curve in which the electrolyte is KOH. Meanwhile, compared with the curve of KOH as the electrolyte, the absorption and desorption peaks of hydrogen are changed, and researches prove that in the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, the toxic substance Nads is related to the absorption and desorption peaks of hydrogen and has an inverse relation. In addition, in the curve in which the electrolyte contains ammonia, the peak current density of ammonia oxidation gradually decreases as the number of cycles increases, and the literature reports that the performance of the electrocatalytic material is weakened and the durability is reduced due to the generation of a toxic intermediate product Nads in the catalytic dehydrogenation process of ammonia. Thus, the production of Nads is reduced and the performance of the electrocatalytic material is improved.
(2) For comparison, in the three-electrode system described above, pure platinum sheet electrodes were used instead of Pt/Ta3N5The catalytic electrode is tested, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution consisting of 1M KOH and 0.1M NH3The CV curve in the case of the solution is shown in FIG. 4, and the curve of the current density with time (i-t curve) is shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the use of Pt/Ta compared to the use of pure platinum sheet catalytic electrodes3N5The oxidation reduction peak value and the hydrogen absorption and desorption peak value are obviously increased during catalyzing the electrode, and the durability is also improved, which shows that Ta3N5The carrier not only has a dispersing effect on Pt, but also reduces the generation of a toxic substance Nads.
Example 2:
in this example, the electrocatalytic material for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia was Ta2O5As a support, Pt was attached to the support, and the mass ratio of Pt to the support was 1: 2.
The preparation method of the electrocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) 20mg of Ta2O5Dissolving the powder in 60mL of mixed solution of ethanol and water, wherein the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water is 3:2, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, and then adding 2.04mL of H2PtCl6 solution with the concentration of 50mM to be uniformly mixed to obtain mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, putting the three-neck flask into an oil bath at the temperature of 140 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, introducing nitrogen gas, and naturally cooling;
(3) and (3) filtering and washing the product obtained in the step (2) by using a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and drying the product in a 50 ℃ oven for 5 hours to obtain the Pt-based electro-catalytic material.
A TEM image of a sample of the Pt-based electrocatalytic material prepared as described above is shown in FIG. 2, in which Pt particles are dispersed in Ta2O5On a carrier to form Pt/Ta2O5Electrocatalytic material with Pt supported in Ta2O550% of the mass of the support.
The Pt/Ta prepared above is added2O5Electrocatalytic material for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, the catalytic performance of which was evaluated in essentially the same manner as in example 1, except that Pt/Ta was used2O5Catalytic electrode replacing Pt/Ta3N5The catalytic electrode was tested, and the results are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, which show the oxidation of ammonia corresponding to the catalytic electrodeThe reduction current peak value and the durability are higher than those of a pure platinum electrode and lower than those of Pt/Ta3N5A catalytic electrode.
Example 3:
in this example, the electrocatalytic material for catalytic oxidation of ammonia was KB as a carrier, Pt was attached to the carrier, and the mass ratio of Pt to the carrier was 1: 2.
The preparation method of the electrocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 20mg KB powder in 60mL of mixed solution of ethanol and water, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 3:2, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min, and adding 2.04mL of H with the concentration of 50mM2PtCl6Uniformly mixing the solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, putting the three-neck flask into an oil bath at the temperature of 140 ℃, continuously stirring for 6 hours, introducing nitrogen gas, and naturally cooling;
(3) and (3) filtering and washing the product obtained in the step (2) by using a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and drying the product in a 50 ℃ oven for 5 hours to obtain the Pt-based electro-catalytic material.
The TEM image of the Pt-based electrocatalytic material sample prepared above is shown in FIG. 2, Pt particles are dispersed on a KB support to form a Pt/KB electrocatalytic material, and the loading amount of Pt accounts for 50% of the KB support.
The Pt/KB electrocatalytic material prepared as described above was used for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, and the method for evaluating the catalytic performance was substantially the same as that in example 1, except that a Pt/KB catalytic electrode was used instead of Pt/Ta3N5The catalytic electrode is tested, and the test results are shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, which show that the catalytic electrode corresponds to ammonia with the peak value of the oxidation-reduction current and the durability higher than that of a pure platinum electrode and lower than that of Pt/Ta3N5Catalytic electrode, and the ammonia oxidation current starting potential is higher than Pt/Ta3N5。
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The application of an electrocatalytic material in ammonia catalytic oxidation is characterized in that: the electrocatalytic material takes tantalum nitride or tantalum oxide as a carrier, and Pt is attached to the carrier.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the electrocatalytic material, the mass ratio of Pt to the carrier is 1: 5-1: 1.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: tantalum nitride or tantalum oxide is used as a carrier, and the carrier is mixed with H2PtCl6Dissolving in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and reacting under the protection of inert gas at a certain temperature; and then washing, vacuum-filtering and drying the product after reaction to obtain the Pt-based electro-catalytic material with Pt attached to the carrier.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water in the mixed solution of the ethanol and the water is 5: 1-1: 5.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water in the mixed solution of the ethanol and the water is 3: 1-1: 3.
6. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the temperature is 120-180 ℃.
7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the temperature is 140-170 ℃.
8. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the reaction time is 1-10 h.
9. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the reaction time is 2-8 h.
10. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the product after the reaction was washed with a mixed solution of ethanol and water.
11. Use according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: the product after the reaction was washed with a mixed solution of ethanol and water.
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