CN109633716B - GPS-based urban distribution vehicle travel chain and characteristic identification method and equipment thereof - Google Patents
GPS-based urban distribution vehicle travel chain and characteristic identification method and equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain identification method, which sequentially identifies distribution vehicle trip chain information from vehicle GPS data according to five steps of stop point identification, distribution center and customer area identification, trip endpoint identification, trip chain identification and trip track identification. On the basis, the invention also provides a GPS-based method for identifying the trip chain characteristics of the urban distribution vehicles, which comprises time characteristic index identification, space characteristic index identification and operation characteristic index identification. The method and the system can accurately identify the trip chain of the distribution vehicle, further more accurately, accurately and comprehensively identify the trip behavior characteristics of the vehicle, can improve urban traffic jam and air pollution through effective planning, provide reasonable and effective trip planning for urban distribution of enterprises, and have good social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent traffic information processing, and particularly relates to a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle travel chain and a characteristic identification method and equipment thereof.
Background
With the social development, the urban distribution plays an increasingly important role in urban production and life, and meanwhile, the urban problems such as traffic jam, air pollution and the like caused by the urban distribution are more serious. The improvement of the method for identifying the travel behavior characteristics of the urban vehicles is the basis of optimizing the urban distribution scheme, and has important significance for making government distribution policies and improving distribution efficiency of distribution enterprises.
The early urban distribution vehicle trip behavior characteristic research mainly adopts a manual investigation mode, and determines the main characteristics of the distribution vehicle trip by performing questionnaire investigation on distribution center managers, distribution vehicle drivers and the like and analyzing distribution center statistical data. Although the method saves time, expenses and manpower, detailed characteristics of the trip of the delivery vehicle are difficult to obtain, and the validity of research conclusion is often not guaranteed. With the popularization of vehicle-mounted GPS equipment in urban distribution, a large amount of track data is generated by distributed vehicles every day, but the GPS data of the vehicles is often not effectively utilized due to the lack of relevant analysis technologies of enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain and a method and a device for identifying characteristics of the same, which can accurately identify the distribution vehicle trip chain and further accurately and comprehensively identify the vehicle trip characteristics, and have important significance for government distribution policy making and distribution efficiency improvement of distribution enterprises.
The technical scheme is as follows: before the technical solution of the present invention is introduced, the concept used by the present invention is first explained as follows:
(1) warp stop and temporary stop
The waypoints, i.e., the locations at which the vehicle is to be stopped for a purpose, include the distribution center waypoint and the customer waypoint. The distribution center provides goods loading and parking services for the vehicles, and is a starting point and an end point of each trip chain; the client is a goods demand point and is a distribution intermediate node; the temporary stopping points are stopping points generated by temporary requirements in the distribution process and mainly comprise oil filling points, waiting red light stopping points and the like. The main difference between a stop-and-go spot is that a stop-and-go spot is an active stop with a purpose, a stop-and-go spot being a stop-and-go spot due to an external cause.
(2) Distribution center
The distribution center is a main collection point of the vehicles, and the vehicles are loaded or unloaded or stopped in the distribution center, so that a large amount of information of passing points is necessarily generated, and therefore, some areas with the most dense passing points of the vehicles are intuitively the distribution center.
(3) Customer area
The customer is a delivery point, the vehicle is required to stop at a designated unloading place according to the customer requirement after arriving at the customer, and the unloading place is usually fixed for the same customer, so that the information of the stopping point of a relevant position appears many times in a long time, and the relevant position is defined as a customer area.
(4) Travel endpoint
The travel endpoints, i.e. the departure point or the arrival point of the vehicle traveling once, can be divided into two categories, i.e. the distribution center endpoint and the client endpoint, according to the relationship between the travel endpoints and the distribution center and the clients. Wherein, the delivery center endpoint refers to a travel endpoint occurring in the delivery center area range, and the customer endpoint refers to a travel endpoint occurring in the customer area range.
(5) Travel chain track
The travel chain track refers to a vehicle track formed by a vehicle completing a travel chain. In real life, the corresponding vehicle GPS track can be approximately regarded as a travel chain track.
The invention relates to a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain identification method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, recognition of the warp stop point: acquiring vehicle GPS point data and preprocessing the vehicle GPS point data to distinguish a temporary stop point and a passing stop point in the vehicle GPS point data;
s2, identifying the distribution center and the client area, namely identifying the area with the number of the stop points larger than the threshold number of the distribution stop points as the distribution center; identifying areas with the number of stopped points greater than the threshold number of stopped points as customer areas;
s3, travel endpoint identification: the trip end point consists of a distribution center end point and a client end point; arranging the stop points in a time sequence, and identifying the stop points which are positioned in the range of the distribution center and the last or next stop point in the adjacent time periods is positioned in the range of the customer area as the end points of the distribution center; identifying as customer endpoints the waypoints that are within the customer area range and whose next waypoint is within the distribution center range or within a different customer area range;
s4, trip chain identification: arranging the trip endpoints according to a time sequence, sequentially identifying a distribution center endpoint, a client endpoint and an adjacent next distribution center endpoint, taking the distribution center endpoint as a trip chain starting point, taking the client endpoint as a trip chain intermediate node and taking the adjacent next distribution center endpoint as a trip chain end point, sequentially linking to obtain a trip chain of the vehicle, and sequentially identifying all the trip chains according to the method;
s5, travel chain track recognition: and searching all GPS points in a trip chain range, combining the GPS points to form a trip chain track, and sequentially identifying all the trip chain tracks.
Preferably, the GPS point data includes license plate, vehicle position and speed information.
Preferably, the preprocessing of the vehicle GPS point data includes a data missing processing method and a data drifting processing method.
The data missing processing method comprises the following steps: if the data of a certain vehicle on a certain day is more missing, directly deleting the data of the GPS point of the vehicle on the day, and if the data is less missing, supplementing the data by adopting a mobile smoothing method;
the data drift processing method comprises the following steps: if the data drift is more, directly rejecting the drift data; if the data drift is less, neglecting not to process.
Further, the method for identifying the trip chain characteristics of the urban distribution vehicle based on the GPS further comprises at least one of time characteristic index identification, space characteristic index identification and operation characteristic index identification on the basis of the trip chain identification of the urban distribution vehicle based on the GPS.
Preferably, the time characteristic index identification includes at least one of a single vehicle single trip time identification, a single stay time identification and a single total trip time identification, the single trip time is the time taken by the vehicle to complete a trip, the single stay time is the time taken by the vehicle from arriving at a certain client to leaving, and the single total trip time is the total time taken by the vehicle to complete a trip.
Preferably, the spatial characteristic index identification includes at least one of single trip distance identification, trip chain length identification and trip chain length identification, the single trip distance is a length of a path traveled by the vehicle after completing one trip, the trip chain length is a total length traveled by the vehicle after completing one trip chain, and the trip chain length is a total number of trips of the vehicle in one trip chain.
Preferably, the operation characteristic index identification includes at least one of an average speed of a single trip, an average speed of a trip chain, and a number of trip chains, where the average speed of a single trip is an average speed of a trip completed by the vehicle, the average speed of a trip chain is an average speed of a trip completed by the vehicle, and the number of trip chains is a total number of trip chains completed by the vehicle within one day.
In another aspect, the present invention discloses a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program, when loaded into the processor, implementing the GPS-based method for identifying a trip chain of a city distribution vehicle or implementing the GPS-based method for identifying characteristics of a trip chain of a city distribution vehicle.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can perform data deletion, data drifting and other processing on massive GPS data of urban distribution vehicles to obtain GPS point data of vehicles during traveling;
(2) the urban distribution vehicle trip chain is identified based on GPS data, and compared with the traditional data type, the urban distribution vehicle trip chain can be identified more accurately;
(3) based on GPS data, the trip characteristics of the vehicle can be identified more finely, accurately and comprehensively on the basis of accurately identifying the trip chain of the delivery vehicle;
(4) the travel time characteristics, the space characteristics and the operation characteristics of the urban distribution vehicles can be accurately identified, and the urban distribution scheme tamping foundation is further optimized.
(5) According to the identified trip chain and trip chain characteristics, urban traffic congestion and air pollution can be improved through effective planning, reasonable and effective trip chain planning is provided for urban distribution of enterprises, and good social benefit and economic benefit are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a travel chain of an urban distribution vehicle and a characteristic identification method thereof.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to fig. 1.
First, vehicle GPS data is collected. The GPS data of the urban distribution vehicle mainly includes information such as license plate number, position (longitude, latitude), time, speed, and direction, the data format is shown in table 1, and an example of the GPS data of the urban distribution vehicle is shown in table 2. The uploading frequency of GPS data of different vehicles is different, and if the data is calculated according to the uploading of data once in 30 seconds, 2880 records can be generated every day for each vehicle.
TABLE 1 urban distribution vehicle GPS data
TABLE 2 urban distribution vehicle GPS data example
Secondly, the GPS data is preprocessed and stored in a GPS point data table. The data preprocessing is to reorganize, clean and convert the data to improve the data mining quality and efficiency, and mainly includes four parts of data cleaning, data integration, data transformation and data reduction. The data cleaning mainly comprises the processing of missing data and noise data; data integration is to unify a plurality of data sources; the data transformation is to convert the data into a form suitable for mining; data reduction is the operation of reducing data by clustering, deleting redundant features and other modes on the premise of not influencing mining.
The method for preprocessing GPS data of urban distribution vehicles comprises the following steps:
1) and (5) data missing processing. If a large-scale missing situation exists in GPS data of a certain vehicle on a certain day (for example, when the time of missing GPS is greater than the set proportion (generally set to be 30%) of the total recording time (from the beginning recording time to the end recording time of a day)), directly deleting the GPS data of the vehicle on the day; if the data is less missing, the data can be supplemented by adopting a method such as a moving smoothing method and the like.
2) And (5) data drifting processing. For the condition that the data drift is large (for example, the straight line distance (calculated according to the longitude and latitude) of two continuous GPS points is greater than the maximum driving speed (generally 120km/h) and the recording period (determined according to equipment) and the error coefficient (generally set to 2)), the drift data is directly removed and the data is supplemented by adopting methods such as a mobile smoothing method and the like; for small data drift, no special treatment is done because it belongs to normal systematic error.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a trip chain of an urban distribution vehicle, including the following steps:
and S1, identifying a transit stop point. After the acquired vehicle GPS point data and the vehicle GPS point data are preprocessed, distinguishing a temporary stop point and a pass stop point in the vehicle GPS point data, and recording the pass stop point; one of the methods of distinguishing the passed parking spot from the temporary parking spot is to compare the length of the parking time. The vehicle is stopped at a temporary stop point, such as a red waiting lamp, and the vehicle is in an idling state, so that the stop time is short; while a passing stop, such as at a customer location, typically requires a longer time to unload, the vehicle is typically in a shutdown state, and the stop time is longer. If the critical time for distinguishing the passed stopping point and the temporary stopping point is recorded as TthreshThe value is generally determined by the minimum dwell time at the customer location.
For the chronologically ordered individual vehicle GPS point data, the stop-by-stop identification method thereof is described below, by which the GPS point data table is operated and the data result is recorded in the stop-by-stop data table.
Based on the critical time TthreshWarp stop motion pointThe identification method comprises the following steps:
and S2, identifying the distribution center and the client area.
Identifying the areas with the number of the stopped points larger than the threshold number of the distribution stopping points as distribution centers, and recording the distribution centers;
identifying areas with the number of the stopped points larger than the threshold number of the stopped points as client areas, and recording the client areas;
the stop points of one distribution vehicle are discrete and irregular, the properties of different stop points are difficult to identify, but the stop points of a plurality of vehicles on a plurality of days have certain regularity on spatial distribution, namely the distribution of the stop points is relatively dispersed as a whole, but the stop points are concentrated together in a small area as a local view. The distribution center is a main collection point of the vehicles, the vehicles are loaded or unloaded or stopped at the distribution center, and a large amount of information of passing points is necessarily generated, so that the area with the most dense passing points of the vehicles is the distribution center. The customer is the delivery point, the vehicle is required to stop at the designated unloading place according to the customer requirement after arriving at the customer, and the unloading place is usually fixed for the same customer, so the information of the stop-passing point of the relevant position appears for a long time.
The embodiment provides a trip chain identification algorithm with only one distribution center. For convenience, it is assumed that the delivery center and the customer area are circular areas whose centers are the delivery center point and the customer point, respectively, which are the existing transit points. Firstly, a temporary data table is newly established for recording possible distribution central points and customer point information, wherein the temporary data table comprises four fields of number, longitude, latitude, number Num of transit stop points in a peripheral range; further, the symbol descriptions appearing in the method are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 legends
The operation is performed on the stop point data table and the result is output to the distribution point data table, and the specific identification method is described as follows:
the positions of the distribution central point and the customer point can be obtained by the method, and the distribution center takes the distribution central point as the center of a circle, L1Is a circular area with a radius, the client area is L with the client point as the center of a circle2Is a circular area of radius.
And S3, identifying the travel endpoint.
Arranging the stop points according to a time sequence, identifying the stop points which are positioned in the range of the distribution center and the last or next stop point in the adjacent time periods is positioned in the range of the client area as the end points of the distribution center, and recording the end points of the distribution center;
identifying the transit points which are positioned in the range of the customer area and adjacent to the next transit point in the range of the distribution center or in the range of different customer areas as customer endpoints, and recording the customer endpoints;
by definition, a travel endpoint has the following properties: each trip end point must be a transit point and each trip end point must be within the delivery center or customer area. However, since not all points within the delivery center or customer area are travel endpoints, for example, during a service to a customer, the vehicle may change parking positions multiple times due to unloading needs, resulting in multiple stop points, only the first of which is a travel endpoint. The identification process of the travel endpoint needs to be divided into two steps: the first step is to identify the row end points to be selected from the warp stop points, and the second step is to further identify the row end points from the row end points to be selected. The method for identifying the row endpoint to be selected comprises the following steps:
through the row endpoint to be selected method identification, a plurality of row endpoints to be selected may appear in the same distribution center or customer area. Therefore, it is also necessary to screen a plurality of to-be-selected travel endpoints in the same distribution center or customer area to determine a specific travel endpoint. The specific method comprises the following steps:
and S4, identifying the trip chain. The specific method for identifying the delivery vehicle trip chain is as follows:
arranging the trip endpoints according to a time sequence, sequentially identifying a distribution center endpoint, a client endpoint and an adjacent next distribution center endpoint, taking the distribution center endpoint as a trip chain starting point, taking the client endpoint as a trip chain intermediate node and taking the adjacent next distribution center endpoint as a trip chain end point, sequentially linking to obtain a trip chain of the vehicle, sequentially identifying all the trip chains according to the method and recording the trip chain;
and S5, identifying the travel chain track, searching all GPS points in a travel chain range, combining the GPS points to form a travel chain track, and sequentially identifying and recording all the travel chain tracks.
The travel chain track comprises relevant information such as a travel chain, a travel endpoint and a track point of single travel, and therefore the identification algorithm of the travel chain track needs to operate a plurality of tables simultaneously. The travel chain track identification method of the vehicle comprises the following steps:
furthermore, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a characteristic identification method of the urban distribution vehicle trip chain based on the GPS, and the method further comprises one of time characteristic index identification, space characteristic index identification and operation characteristic index identification after the urban distribution vehicle trip chain is identified.
Wherein:
(1) temporal feature identification
The travel chain time characteristic indexes of the urban distribution vehicles mainly comprise single travel time of a single vehicle, single stay time and total travel chain time of the single vehicle.
A1. Time of single trip
The single trip time is the time spent by the vehicle to complete one trip, and can be obtained from a trip chain data table or a trip chain track data table. The single trip time formula is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the time spent by the vehicle k on the jth trip of the trip chain i;
starting time of j +1 th trip endpoint of the ith trip chain of the vehicle k in the trip chain data table;
the end time of the jth trip endpoint of the ith trip chain of the vehicle k in the trip chain data table is shown.
B1. Single residence time
The single stay time is the time taken by the vehicle to end from arrival at a customer to departure to the next customer, and can also be obtained from a trip chain data table or a trip chain trajectory data table. The single residence time equation is expressed as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the single stay time of the j-th client of the vehicle k in the trip chain i;
the end time of the j +1 th trip endpoint of the ith trip chain of the vehicle k in the trip chain data table is obtained;
the starting time of the j +1 th trip endpoint of the ith trip chain of the vehicle k in the trip chain data table is shown.
C1. Total time of single trip chain
The total time of a single trip chain is the total time spent by the vehicle to complete the trip chain, and can be obtained through a trip chain data table or a trip chain track data table, or obtained through single trip time and single stay time. The single trip chain total time formula is expressed as follows:
wherein, tikThe total travel time spent by the vehicle in the travel chain i.
Other time characteristics of the trip chain can be obtained through the analysis of the three basic characteristics, such as single trip time distribution of all vehicles, total trip time distribution of all vehicles and the like.
(2) Spatial feature recognition
The spatial characteristic indexes of the trip chain of the urban distribution vehicle mainly comprise a single trip distance, a trip chain length and a trip chain length.
A2. Distance of single trip
The single trip distance refers to the length of a path traveled by the vehicle to complete one trip. The single trip distance can be obtained through a trip chain track data table, and the expression is as follows:
wherein lijkThe single trip distance of the jth trip of the ith trip chain of the kth vehicle is obtained; v. ofijknThe speed of the nth GPS point of the jth trip of the ith trip chain of the kth vehicle in the trip chain track data table is obtained; t is tijkn+1,tijknRespectively time of the n +1 th GPS point and the n GPS point of the jth trip of the ith trip chain of the kth vehicle in the trip chain track data table.
B2. Length of travelling chain
The travel chain length refers to the total length of travel of the vehicle to complete one travel chain. The travel chain length can be obtained by accumulating the distance of a single travel, and the specific expression is as follows:
wherein likIs the travel chain length.
C2. Chain length of trip chain
The length of the trip chain refers to the total times of the vehicles traveling in the trip chain, and reflects the number of customers served by one-time delivery tasks of the vehicles. The length of the trip chain can be obtained from a trip chain data table or a trip chain track data table, and the expression is as follows:
Pik＝pik-1
wherein, PikThe length of a trip chain of the ith trip chain of the vehicle k is shown; p is a radical ofikThe number of travel link points included in the ith travel chain of the kth vehicle in the travel chain data table.
The spatial characteristics of the single trip distance distribution of all vehicles, the length distribution of the trip chains of all vehicles and the like can be further obtained through the three spatial characteristics of the trip chains.
(3) Operational feature recognition
The running characteristics of the trip chain of the urban distribution vehicle mainly comprise the average speed of a single trip, the average speed of the trip chain and the number of the trip chains.
A3. Average speed of single trip
The average speed of a single trip is the ratio of the length of the vehicle after completing a trip to the time spent, and can be obtained from the distance of the single trip and the time of the single trip, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein v isijkMean speed for single trip.
B3. Average speed of travelling chain
The average speed of the trip chain is equal to the ratio of the length of the trip chain to the total trip time of a single trip chain, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein, VikThe average speed of the trip chain.
C3. Number of travel chains
The trip chain quantity refers to the total quantity of trip chains finished by the vehicle in one day, and can be obtained from a trip chain data table or a trip chain track data table, and the specific formula is as follows:
Mk＝mk
wherein M iskThe number of travel chains completed in a day for the kth vehicle; m iskThe number of the trip chains of the kth vehicle in the trip chain data table.
Also, from the above three basic operational characteristics, the trip chain operational characteristics such as the trip average speed distribution of all vehicles, the trip chain average speed distribution of all vehicles, and the trip chain number distribution of all vehicles can be derived.
Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, where the computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the computer program is loaded into the processor, the method for identifying a trip chain of a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle is implemented, or the method for identifying characteristics of a trip chain of a GPS-based urban distribution vehicle is implemented.
The above description is for the purpose of describing the invention in more detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments, and it should not be construed that the embodiments are limited to those described herein, but rather that the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain identification method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring vehicle GPS point data and preprocessing the vehicle GPS point data to distinguish a temporary stop point and a passing stop point in the vehicle GPS point data; the temporary stopping point is a stopping point generated by temporary requirements in the distribution process and comprises an oil filling point and a stop at a red light; the method for distinguishing the passed parking point from the temporary parking point comprises the steps of comparing the length of parking time;
(2) identifying areas with the number of the stop points larger than the threshold number of the delivery stop points as delivery centers, and identifying areas with the number of the stop points larger than the threshold number of the stop points as customer areas; during identification, the distribution center and the customer area are assumed to be circular areas, the circle centers of the circular areas are a distribution center point and a customer point respectively, and the distribution center and the customer point are existing transit stop points; reading the related information in the stop point data table into a temporary data table during identification, and marking the stop point as a distribution centerAfter the point is found, the distance between the distribution center points is less than or equal to the identification radius L of the distribution center1The stop points are deleted from the temporary data table, and then the customer point marking is carried out according to the stop points in the temporary data table; the distribution center takes the distribution center point as the center of a circle and identifies the radius L1A circular area with a radius, a client area with a client point as the center of a circle and a client identification radius L2A circular area of radius;
(3) arranging the stop points in time sequence, and identifying the stop points which are positioned in the range of the distribution center and adjacent to the last stop point or the next stop point which is positioned in the range of the customer area as the end points of the distribution center; identifying as customer endpoints the waypoints that are within the customer area range and whose next waypoint is within the distribution center range or within a different customer area range;
(4) arranging the trip endpoints according to a time sequence, sequentially identifying a distribution center endpoint, a client endpoint and an adjacent next distribution center endpoint, taking the distribution center endpoint as a trip chain starting point, taking the client endpoint as a trip chain intermediate node and taking the adjacent next distribution center endpoint as a trip chain end point, sequentially linking to obtain a trip chain of the vehicle, and sequentially identifying all the trip chains according to the method;
(5) and searching all GPS points in a trip chain range, combining the GPS points to form a trip chain track, and sequentially identifying all the trip chain tracks.
2. The method for identifying the trip chain of the urban distribution vehicle based on the GPS according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the GPS point data includes license plate, vehicle position and speed information.
3. The method for identifying the trip chain of the urban distribution vehicle based on the GPS according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for preprocessing the vehicle GPS point data comprises a data missing processing method and a data drifting processing method;
the data missing processing method comprises the following steps: if the data of a certain vehicle on a certain day is more missing, directly deleting the data of the GPS point of the vehicle on the day, and if the data is less missing, supplementing the data by adopting a mobile smoothing method;
the data drift processing method comprises the following steps: if the data drift is more, directly rejecting the drift data; if the data drift is less, neglecting not to process.
4. A GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain feature identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that after the GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the method further comprises a step of urban distribution vehicle trip chain feature identification, wherein the urban distribution vehicle trip chain feature identification comprises at least one of time feature index identification, space feature index identification and operation feature index identification.
5. The method for identifying the trip chain characteristics of urban distribution vehicles based on GPS according to claim 4, characterized in that: the time characteristic index identification comprises at least one of single vehicle single trip time identification, single stay time identification and single trip chain total time identification;
the single trip time is the time spent by the vehicle to complete one trip;
the single dwell time is the time the vehicle takes from reaching a customer to leaving the cutoff;
the total time of the single trip chain is the total time taken by the vehicle to complete the trip chain.
6. The method for identifying the trip chain characteristics of urban distribution vehicles based on GPS according to claim 4, characterized in that: the spatial characteristic index identification comprises at least one of single trip distance identification, trip chain length identification and trip chain length identification;
the single trip distance refers to the length of a path traveled by the vehicle after completing one trip;
the length of the travel chain refers to the total length of the vehicle running after completing one travel chain;
the length of the trip chain refers to the total times of the vehicle traveling in the trip chain.
7. The method for identifying the trip chain characteristics of urban distribution vehicles based on GPS according to claim 4, characterized in that: the running characteristic index identification comprises at least one of average speed of single trip, average speed of trip chain and number of trip chain;
the single trip average speed refers to the average speed of the vehicle for completing one trip;
the average speed of the trip chain is the average speed of the vehicle completing one trip chain;
the number of the trip chains refers to the total number of the trip chains completed by the vehicle in one day.
8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the computer program, when loaded into the processor, implements the GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or implements the GPS-based urban distribution vehicle trip chain feature identification method according to any one of claims 4 to 7.
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