CN109633098B - Device and method for evaluating entry capacity of microcrack plugging agent of well cementation cement sheath - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating entry capacity of microcrack plugging agent of well cementation cement sheath Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
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- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a well cementation cement sheath microcrack plugging agent entering capability evaluation device and an evaluation method, wherein the well cementation cement sheath microcrack plugging agent entering capability evaluation device comprises a kettle body, an injection pump, a ring pressure pump, a pressurizing pump and a heating control device, a circular rubber sleeve, a cement plunger for artificial joint making and a columnar sandstone core are arranged in the kettle body, shallow grooves are formed in the centers of an upper seal head and a lower seal head, sealing rings are arranged in the upper seal head to seal two ends of the kettle body, and plugging agent is injected from the upper end to simulate underground plugging cement sheath microcrack operation. The device can simulate a high-temperature environment in the pit, the plugging agent plays a role in the microcracks to realize plugging, the plugging agent is pressed by the pressurizing pump to be extruded into the cement plunger of the artificial joint, the capability of the plugging agent in entering and retaining the microcracks of the cement sheath is researched, the plugging quality and the influence of the extrusion pressure on the plugging agent in plugging the microcracks of the cement sheath of the well cementation are researched, and the plugging effect of the plugging agent in the cement plungers of different artificial joint lengths can also be researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation device and method for simulating the capability of plugging agents to enter microcracks of a well cementation cement sheath. The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas well engineering well cementation.
Background
The well cementation is a construction operation of putting a casing into a well and injecting cement into an annular space between a well bore and the casing, so that the purposes of protecting and supporting the casing in an oil-gas well and sealing and isolating oil, gas and water layers are achieved, and the well cementation is one of key technologies for guaranteeing subsequent safe drilling and long-term exploitation. The primary function of cement is to seal the annular space between the casing and the body formation from fluid flowing along the wellbore. Cement also protects the casing from corrosion, making the wellbore structure more robust.
The cement sheath refers to cement stones formed by cement paste in the annular space, and the casing and the stratum are cemented together through the cement sheath after the well cementation operation. The cement sheath has the main functions of realizing the separation between the oil layer and the water layer, preventing the interlayer channeling and ensuring the safe production of oil gas. To achieve this function, the cement sheath must be continuous and impermeable. Due to the self-defect of cement materials, namely volume shrinkage and brittleness, the problem of cement sheath seal failure exists in many oil and gas wells at present. Cement sheath microcracks are one of the main causes of failure of the interval packing. The plugging agent is injected into the microcracks, which is an effective measure for solving the problem that the microcracks appear in the well cementation cement sheath.
The device capable of carrying out the research is very lack, yang Zhenjie et al propose a well cementation cement sheath integrity simulation evaluation tester (Yang Zhenjie, astou gaway, yang Jiang, etc. A simulation test method [ J ] of a well cementation cement sheath microgap and microcrack, 2015,35 (9)) the device can simulate the process that the downhole pressure change damages the well cement sheath and forms the microcrack, thereby measuring the change condition of the anti-channeling strength of the well cementation cement sheath under different conditions, but the device can not study the plugging capability research after the plugging agent after microcrack is injected into the microcrack.
The device takes plugging pressure as an index, and the influence of the addition amount of the self-healing material and the size of the crack on the self-healing performance of the cement stone is analyzed through experiments, so that the feasibility of the evaluation device and the evaluation method for evaluating the self-healing performance of the cement stone is proved, but the device cannot realize the maintenance of the artificial microcracks on the cement plunger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an evaluation device and an evaluation method for the entrance capability of a cementing cement sheath microcrack under the condition of simulating extrusion of a plugging agent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a well cementation cement sheath microcrack plugging agent entering ability evaluation device comprises: the kettle body is provided with a ring pressure hole; the annular rubber sleeve is accommodated in the kettle body, a circular cavity for accommodating a cement plunger with a crack is formed in the annular rubber sleeve, and an annular pressing cavity is formed between the annular rubber sleeve and the kettle body; the upper end enclosure and the lower end enclosure are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the kettle body, the upper end enclosure is provided with a punching hole communicated with the circular cavity, and the lower end enclosure is provided with a first water outlet communicated with the circular cavity; the pressurizing pump is connected with the pressurizing hole through a pipeline; the annular pressure pump is connected with the annular pressure hole through a pipeline; the heating control device is connected with the heating device, and the heating device is connected with the kettle body.
Preferably, the upper end socket includes:
the second upper end socket is connected with the kettle body, and an inner cylinder communicated with the circular cavity is formed in the middle of the second upper end socket;
the first upper end socket is connected with the second upper end socket, and the punching hole is formed in the first upper end socket.
Preferably, the upper end socket and the lower end socket are respectively in tight contact with the upper end and the lower end of the annular rubber sleeve.
Preferably, the annular pressure hole is arranged at the lower part of the side surface of the kettle body, and a second water outlet communicated with the annular pressure cavity is arranged at the upper part of the side surface of the kettle body.
Preferably, the heating device comprises a jacket sleeved on the outer wall of the kettle body, the jacket is provided with an electric heating wire, and the heating control device is connected with the electric heating wire.
Preferably, a first switch is arranged on a pipeline connected with the pressurizing pump.
Preferably, the device further comprises an injection pump, wherein the injection pump is connected with the pressurizing hole through a pipeline.
Preferably, a second switch is arranged on a pipeline connected with the injection pump.
The invention also provides a method for evaluating the entering capability of the cementing cement sheath microcrack plugging agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a cement plunger with a crack into the circular cavity;
(2) Adjusting the heating device to enable the temperature in the kettle body to meet the experimental requirements;
(3) The annular rubber sleeve is subjected to annular pressure by an annular pressure pump, so that the cement plunger is tightly contacted with the annular rubber sleeve;
(4) Injecting plugging agent into the upper end of the cement plunger;
(5) Pressurizing the plugging agent in the kettle body by a pressurizing pump;
(6) Ending the reaction;
(7) Access ability evaluation: the entry capacity refers to the amount of capacity to enter the fracture under specific pressure conditions.
The steps (1) and (2) are not time-sequential.
Preferably, in the step (1), the sandstone core is placed in the circular cavity, and the cement plunger is placed in the circular cavity again and is located above the sandstone core.
Preferably, the entry capacity refers to the amount of capacity to enter a fracture under a specific pressure condition, and the steps are as follows:
(1) under specific pressure, the plugging agent with mass of M is weighed before experiments, and the mass of the cement plunger is M 1 Starting timing from the pressurizing time, and weighing the mass of the cement plunger again after the test to be M when the plugging agent does not flow out from the first water outlet 2 I.e. (M) 2 -M 1 ) To enter the mass of the blocking agent in the fracture, the blocking agent thus has the ability to enter: l1= (M 2 -M 1 )/M；
And/or
(2) Under specific pressure, the plugging agent with mass of M is weighed before experiments, and the mass of the cement plunger is M 1 The timing is started when the plugging agent is pressurized, when the plugging agent flows out from the first water outlet, the timing is finished, and the time t is t, so that the capacity of the plugging agent to enter the crack can be illustrated.
Preferably, the cement plunger with the crack in the step (1) is a cement plunger with an artificial joint.
The specific steps of the evaluation method are as follows:
(1) The pressurizing pump and the annular pressure pump are respectively connected with the pressurizing hole and the annular pressure hole, the lower seal head is assembled, an annular sealing ring is placed in a shallow groove in the center of the lower seal head, and a first bolt is tightened; placing an annular rubber sleeve into the kettle body, tightly contacting the lower end of the annular rubber sleeve with the lower end of the annular rubber sleeve, placing a columnar sandstone core into the annular rubber sleeve, then placing a cement plunger with a crack, installing a second upper end socket, placing an annular sealing ring in a shallow groove in the center of the second upper end socket, and tightening a second bolt;
(2) Adjusting the heating device to enable the temperature in the kettle body to meet the experimental requirements;
(3) Opening the second water outlet, opening the annular pressure pump to fill water into the annular pressure cavity, closing the second water outlet when water overflows from the second water outlet on the side surface of the upper part of the kettle body, and continuously filling water into the annular pressure cavity to apply pressure to the annular rubber sleeve through the annular pressure pump so as to enable the cement plunger to be in tight contact with the annular rubber sleeve;
(4) Injecting the prepared plugging agent with the mass of M from the upper end of the second upper seal head, installing the first upper seal head, placing a shallow groove in the center of the first upper seal head into an annular seal ring, and tightening a third bolt;
(5) Opening a first switch connected with a pressurizing pump, pressurizing the plugging agent by the pressurizing pump through a pressurizing hole, extruding the plugging agent into a cement plunger, and realizing pressurizing the plugging agent in the kettle body to simulate the extruding pressure during cementing;
(6) After the plugging agent reacts in the crack according to the experimental requirements to realize the plugging of the crack, the pressurizing pump and the annular pressure pump are closed, the heating control device is closed, and the device is cooled to room temperature;
(7) And (5) evaluating plugging capability.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The evaluation device can be used for plugging experiments of plugging agents of different temperatures, different crack lengths and different types;
(2) The capability of different extrusion pressures for plugging agents to enter microcracks can be studied by using the evaluation device provided by the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an evaluation device for simulating the entry capacity and plugging capacity of a microcrack plugging agent of a well cementation cement sheath;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the entrance ability of the microcrack plugging agent of the well cementation cement sheath;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the plugging capability of the cementing cement sheath microcrack plugging agent.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a second upper seal head; 2-a kettle body; 3-heating control means; 4-ring pressure cavity; 5-an annular rubber sleeve; 6-a lower seal head; 7-sandstone core; 8-cement plunger; 9-a second water outlet; 10-sealing rings; 11-a booster pump; 12-an injection pump; 13-an electric heating wire; 14-ring pressure pump; 15-a bracket; 16-measuring cylinder; 17-a first bolt; 18-a second bolt; 19-a third bolt; 20-punching a hole (water injection port); 21-a first upper end socket; 22-a first water outlet; 23-a first switch; 24-a second switch; 25-ring press holes; 26-pressure adjustable relief valve; 27-a water outlet valve; 28-a pressure gauge in the cavity of the lower seal head.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, for convenience of description of the present invention only, and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1A device for evaluating the blocking agent ingress and blocking ability in a simulated well cementing cement sheath microcrack
Referring to fig. 1, the evaluation device according to the present embodiment has an access capability evaluation function and a blocking capability evaluation function.
The device consists of a kettle body 2, an injection pump 12, a circular pressure pump 14, a pressurizing pump 11 and a heating control device 3.
Specifically, the kettle body 2 is fixed on the bracket 15, the upper part and the lower part of the kettle body 2 are respectively provided with a second upper sealing head 1 and a lower sealing head 6, and the upper part of the second upper sealing head 1 is a first upper sealing head 21. The second upper sealing head 1 and the lower sealing head 6 are respectively connected with the kettle body 2 through a second bolt 18 and a first bolt 17, and the first upper sealing head 21 is connected with the second upper sealing head 1 through a third bolt 19. The centers of the second upper sealing head 1 and the lower sealing head 6 are respectively provided with a shallow groove, and both ends of the kettle body 2 are sealed through sealing rings 10, namely, the second upper sealing head 1 and the lower sealing head 6 are sealed with the inner wall of the kettle body 2 through the sealing rings 10, and the first upper sealing head 21 is sealed with the inner cylinder wall of the second upper sealing head 1 through the sealing rings 10.
The center of the first upper seal head 21 is provided with a punching hole 20 (a water injection port), the pressure pump 11 is connected with the punching hole 20 through a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a first switch 23, and the pressure pump 11 is used for simulating the upper pressure (extrusion pressure) when extruding plugging agent when the pressure pump 11 is communicated with the punching hole 20 (namely when the first switch 23 is opened). The injection pump 12 is connected with the pressure punching hole 20 (water injection hole) through a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with a second switch 24, and the injection pump 12 is used for simulating the punching pressure after plugging by the plugging agent when the injection pump 12 is communicated with the water injection hole (namely when the first switch 23 is closed and the second switch 24 is opened).
The center of the lower sealing head 6 is provided with a first water outlet 22, so that excessive substances passing through the columnar sandstone core 7 can smoothly flow out of the kettle body 2. The lower end of the second water outlet 22 is connected with a water outlet valve 27, and a pressure gauge 28 in the cavity of the lower end socket is arranged on the second water outlet 22.
The side of the lower part of the kettle body 2 is provided with a ring pressure hole 25 which is communicated with the inside of the kettle body 2, and the ring pressure hole 25 is connected with the ring pressure pump 14 through a pipeline.
The annular rubber sleeve 5 is accommodated in the kettle body 2, a circular cavity for accommodating the cement plunger 8 with the crack is formed in the annular rubber sleeve 5, and an annular pressing cavity 4 is formed between the annular rubber sleeve 5 and the kettle body 2. The upper end and the lower end of the annular rubber sleeve 5 are respectively in tight contact with the second upper sealing head 1 and the lower sealing head 6 so as to keep the circular cavity and the annular pressure cavity 4 isolated from each other.
The annular pressure pump 14 applies annular pressure to the annular rubber sleeve 5 through the annular pressure hole 25, so that water is injected into a circular cavity formed by the inner wall of the kettle body 2 and the annular rubber sleeve 5, and the annular pressure presses the annular rubber sleeve 5 to seal gaps between the annular rubber sleeve 5 and the cement plunger 8 and between the annular rubber sleeve and the sandstone core 7, so that plugging agent can only pass through the cement plunger 8.
The side of the upper part of the kettle body 2 is provided with a second water outlet 9, a through hole matched with the second water outlet 9 is arranged at the position corresponding to the second water outlet 9 on the annular rubber sleeve 5, a sealing ring 10 is arranged between the second water outlet 9 and the through hole, and a pressure-adjustable safety valve 26 is arranged on the second water outlet 9. The second water outlet 9 is a water overflow port when the annular pressure pump 14 pumps water.
The outer wall of the kettle body 2 is provided with a jacket, an electric heating wire 13 is arranged in the jacket, and the heating control device 3 is connected with the electric heating wire 13 to control and regulate the experimental temperature.
When the device is used, the plugging agent is injected from the upper end, and the operation of plugging the microcrack of the cement sheath underground is simulated. The device can simulate a high-temperature environment in the pit, the plugging agent plays a role in the microcracks to realize plugging, the plugging agent is pressed by the pressurizing pump to be extruded into the cement plunger of the artificial joint, the capability of the plugging agent in entering and retaining the microcracks of the cement sheath is researched, the plugging quality and the influence of the extrusion pressure on the plugging agent in plugging the microcracks of the cement sheath of the well cementation are researched, and the plugging effect of the plugging agent in the cement plungers of different artificial joint lengths can also be researched.
Example 2 the device of example 1 was used to simulate the method for evaluating the microcrack entry ability and plugging ability of a well cementation cement sheath under the condition of extruding and injecting plugging agent:
entering an experiment: firstly, connecting each pressurizing device with a corresponding interface on the kettle body 2 through a pipeline, placing a measuring cylinder 16 at a water outlet 22, then installing a sealing ring 10 of a lower seal head 6, installing the lower seal head 6, tightening a first bolt 17, placing an annular rubber sleeve 5 into the kettle body 2, sleeving the lower part of the annular rubber sleeve 5 with the lower seal head 6, adjusting a heating control device 3 to enable the temperature in the kettle body 2 to meet experimental requirements, sequentially placing a sandstone core 7 and a joint cement plunger 8 into the annular rubber sleeve 5, installing the sealing ring 10 of a second upper seal head 1, installing the second upper seal head 1, tightening a second bolt 18, pressurizing the annular rubber sleeve 5 through a ring pressure pump 14, the sandstone core 7 and the joint cement plunger 8 are tightly contacted with the annular rubber sleeve 5, the plugging agent with the mass M is injected from the inner cylinder of the second upper seal head 1, the sealing ring 10 of the first upper seal head 21 is assembled, the third bolt 19 is tightened, the first switch 23 is opened, the plugging agent in the kettle body 2 is pressurized by the pressurizing pump 11, the upper squeezing pressure is simulated, the fluid flowing out of the water outlet 22 is received by the measuring cylinder 16, after the reaction time is finished according to the experimental requirement, the ring-closed pressure pump 14 and the pressurizing pump 11 are closed, the heating control device 3 is closed, the plugging experiment is finished, the device is cooled to the room temperature, and the capability of the plugging agent to enter microcrack is evaluated.
Burst test: firstly connecting each pressurizing device with a corresponding interface on the kettle body 2 through a pipeline, placing a measuring cylinder 16 at a water outlet 22, then installing a sealing ring 10 of a lower sealing ring 6, installing the lower sealing ring 6, tightening a first bolt 17, placing an annular rubber sleeve 5 into the kettle body 2, sleeving the lower part of the annular rubber sleeve 5 with the lower sealing ring 6, adjusting a heating control device 3 to enable the temperature in the kettle body 2 to meet experimental requirements, sequentially placing a sandstone core 7 and a joint cement plunger 8 into the annular rubber sleeve 5, installing a sealing ring 10 of a second upper sealing ring 1, installing the second upper sealing ring 1, tightening a second bolt 18, tightly pressing the annular rubber sleeve 5 through a ring pressure pump 14, enabling the sandstone core 7 and the joint cement plunger 8 in a plugging experiment to be tightly contacted with the annular rubber sleeve 5, installing the sealing ring 10 of the first upper sealing ring 21, installing the first upper sealing ring 21, tightening a third bolt 19, closing a first switch 23, opening a second switch 24, and completing the experiment by an injection pump 12 to simulate the joint cement plunger 8 in the kettle body 2, and after the second sealing ring is closed, the first sealing ring is closed, the water pressure pump 12 is applied to simulate the joint cement plunger 8, the joint cement plunger 8 is broken, the first sealing ring is closed, and the experiment is completed, and the sealing ring is closed after the experiment is completed.
The performance of the plugging agent before the gel formation and the fixation are examined in the entry capability, the plugging capability comprises the retention capability, and the performance after the gel formation and the fixation are considered.
The accessibility refers to the ability of the plugging agent to enter the fracture under specific pressure conditions.
The retention capacity refers to the capacity of the plugging agent in the fracture to remain in the fracture under a certain pressure. That is, retention capacity refers to the ability of a plugging agent that enters a fracture to flow out of or into the fracture under pressure, with the remaining plugging agent being stored in the fracture.
The anti-burst capability refers to whether a certain burst pressure can break through the well-blocked cement plunger.
Evaluation of results:
(1) Capability of blocking agent to enter microcrack (entering capability):
(1) and (3) removing the first upper seal head 21, the second upper seal head 1 and the lower seal head 6, and taking out the plugged joint cement plunger 8 and the sand rock core 7. Under specific pressure, plugging agent with mass of M and weighing cement before experimentThe mass of the plunger is M 1 Starting timing from the pressurizing time, and weighing the mass of the cement plunger again after the test to be M when the plugging agent does not flow out from the first water outlet 2 I.e. (M) 2 -M 1 ) To enter the mass of the blocking agent in the fracture, the blocking agent thus has the ability to enter: l1= (M 2 -M 1 )/M；
And/or
(2) Under specific pressure, the plugging agent with mass of M is weighed before experiments, and the mass of the cement plunger is M 1 The timing is started when the plugging agent is pressurized, when the plugging agent flows out from the first water outlet, the timing is finished, and the time t is t, so that the capacity of the plugging agent to enter the crack can be illustrated.
The specific pressure refers to the extrusion pressure. The method (1) focuses on the case where the plugging agent does not pass through the cement plunger completely, and the method (2) focuses on the case where the plugging agent passes through the cement plunger completely.
(2) Plugging agent capability (retention capability) for plugging microcracks:
a. the plugged cement plunger is put into the kettle body again, the instrument is assembled again, and after heating and ring pressing, the sealing device is pressed; or (b)
After the "enter the experiment" was performed,
b. the injection pump is used for applying water pressure to the cement plunger of the artificial joint through the water filling port for displacement,
c. whether the fluid continuously flows out from the water outlet 22 of the lower sealing head 6 in a period of time is observed to evaluate the capability of the plugging agent to plug microcracks.
(3) Plugging agent capability of plugging microcrack (anti-burst capability): and closing the water outlet valve 27, observing the pressure gauge 28 in the cavity of the lower sealing head 6, and if the pressure representation number gradually increases within a period of time and finally is the same as the injection pressure of the injection pump 12, indicating that the water pressure breaks through the sealed cement plunger 8 for making the seam. If the situation does not occur, the pressure difference between the pressure gauges is kept constant, which indicates that the plugging agent well realizes plugging.
In the technical scheme, the pressurizing pump of the instrument simulates extrusion pressure when extruding plugging agent into the micro-cracks of the cement sheath, the injection pump 12 simulates bursting pressure for bursting the micro-cracks which are plugged, the annular pressure pump 14 simulates radial stress of the stratum to the cement sheath and simultaneously realizes that the annular rubber sleeve 5 is tightly attached to the joint cement plunger 8 and the sandstone core 7, and the heating and controlling device simulates the temperature of the stratum where the micro-cracks appear in the cement sheath.
In the technical scheme, the cement plunger 8 for making the seam is as long as possible (100+30mm Max), and the cement plunger 8 is too short, so that the plugging agent can penetrate the cement plunger 8 quickly, and the plugging agent cannot play a role in comparing different plugging agents. The sandstone core 7 may be removed, and the core is added to prevent the plugging agent from penetrating through the cracks, so that fluid can flow through the cracks due to too high flow rate, and the sandstone core 7 can play a certain role in blocking, taking the safety factor into consideration, and simulating a certain plugging of the plugging agent by the stratum.
In the technical scheme, the preparation method of the cement plunger 8 and the sandstone core 7 for artificial joint making comprises the following steps: the mould for manufacturing the cement plunger 8 is a circular stainless steel pipe with the diameter of 30mm, the height of 100mm and the thickness of 2mm, the mould for manufacturing the sandstone core 7 is a circular stainless steel pipe with the diameter of 30mm and the height of 20mm, after curing time is over, two cores are taken out, two ends are polished to be smooth, and a manual seam making method is adopted to fracture the cement plunger 8 into cracks required by experiments.
The specific use of the used cement plunger 8 and sandstone core 7 mentioned in the present instrument is as follows:
1. the preparation process of the cement plunger 8 comprises the following steps: distilled water and Jiahua G-grade cement with certain mass are mixed according to the experimental requirement proportion, meanwhile, additives are not added to prepare cement paste, the cement paste is poured into a circular stainless steel tube mould with the diameter of 30mm, the height of 105mm and the thickness of 2.5mm (the upper end surface, the lower end surface and the inner wall surface of the mould are coated with butter in advance and the lower end surface is contacted with a square glass plate), and the other square glass plate is changed at the upper end of the mould, so that the cement paste has already undergone sealing work. The whole (upper and lower square glass plates are clamped by a circular stainless steel tube mould) is placed in a water bath box with the temperature set in the experiment to be maintained for the time required by the experiment.
2. The process of making the seam of the cement plunger 8: taking out the well-maintained mould, taking out the cement plunger 8 in the mould, polishing two ends of the cement plunger 8 by a polisher to be flat, and breaking the cement plunger 8 into two halves along the edge by adopting a well-established Brazilian splitting method (the specific working principle is not explained in detail here) in the experiment. The width of the crack after each fracture cannot be kept the same, because the crack is affected by the fracture process, but the width can be kept within a certain range, and the crack is supported to the required width range by adding micro steel balls or thin steel bars into the crack.
3. The preparation process of the sandstone core 7 comprises the following steps: and respectively mixing sand with the mesh number required by the experiment with an external doping agent, pouring the mixed substance into a circular stainless steel tube mold with the diameter of 30mm, the height of 25mm and the thickness of 2.5mm, sealing, curing for a period of time under the pressure condition required by the experiment, and taking out the core after the curing time is finished.
Note that: the raw materials from which the cement plunger 8 and the sandstone core 7 are made are not single, limited.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the capability of the plugging agent for the microcracks of the well cementation cement sheath is characterized by comprising the steps of using a device for evaluating the capability of the plugging agent for the microcracks of the well cementation cement sheath, wherein the capability of the plugging agent comprises the entering capability, the detention capability and the anti-burst capability;
the access capability comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing a cement plunger with a crack into the circular cavity;
(2) Adjusting the heating device to enable the temperature in the kettle body to meet the experimental requirements;
(3) The annular rubber sleeve is subjected to annular pressure by an annular pressure pump, so that the cement plunger is tightly contacted with the annular rubber sleeve;
(4) Injecting plugging agent into the upper end of the cement plunger;
(5) Pressurizing the plugging agent in the kettle body by a pressurizing pump;
(6) Ending the reaction;
(7) Access ability evaluation: the entry capacity refers to the capacity of plugging agent to enter a crack under a specific pressure condition;
the steps (1) and (2) are not time-sequential;
firstly, placing a sandstone core into a circular cavity, and then placing a cement plunger into the circular cavity and above the sandstone core;
the accessibility is measured by the following method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) under specific pressure, the plugging agent with mass of M is weighed before experiments, and the mass of the cement plunger is M 1 Starting timing from the pressurizing time, and weighing the mass of the cement plunger again after the test to be M when the plugging agent does not flow out from the first water outlet 2 I.e. (M) 2 -M 1 ) To enter the mass of the blocking agent in the fracture, the blocking agent thus has the ability to enter: l (L) 1 ＝(M 2 -M 1 )/M；
And/or
(2) Under specific pressure, the plugging agent with mass of M is weighed before experiments, and the mass of the cement plunger is M 1 Starting timing when the plugging agent is pressurized, and stopping the plugging agent flowing out from the first water outlet, wherein the timing is finished, and the time t can be used for indicating the entering capacity of the plugging agent in the crack;
the retention capacity comprises the steps of:
the plugged cement plunger is put into the kettle body again, the instrument is assembled again, and after heating and ring pressing, the sealing device is pressed;
or (b)
After the experiment is carried out, using an injection pump to apply water pressure to the cement plunger of the artificial joint through a water filling port for displacement;
the retention capacity was measured using the following method:
observing whether the first water outlet continuously flows out of the first water outlet in a period of time to evaluate the retention capacity of the plugging agent;
the anti-burst capability comprises the following steps:
closing the water outlet valve and observing the pressure gauge in the cavity of the lower seal head;
the anti-burst ability is measured by the following method:
if the pressure representation number is gradually increased within a period of time and finally is the same as the injection pressure of the injection pump, the water pressure is represented to break through the sealed cement plunger for making the seam; if the situation does not occur, the pressure difference between the pressure gauges is kept constant, which indicates that the plugging agent well realizes plugging;
the well cementation cement sheath microcrack plugging agent entering capability evaluation device comprises:
the kettle body is provided with a ring pressure hole;
the annular rubber sleeve is accommodated in the kettle body, a circular cavity for accommodating a cement plunger with a crack is formed in the annular rubber sleeve, and an annular pressing cavity is formed between the annular rubber sleeve and the kettle body;
the upper end enclosure and the lower end enclosure are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the kettle body, the upper end enclosure is provided with a punching hole communicated with the circular cavity, and the lower end enclosure is provided with a first water outlet communicated with the circular cavity;
the pressurizing pump is connected with the pressurizing hole through a pipeline;
the annular pressure pump is connected with the annular pressure hole through a pipeline;
the heating control device is connected with the heating device, and the heating device is connected with the kettle body;
the upper seal head comprises: the second upper end socket is connected with the kettle body, and an inner cylinder communicated with the circular cavity is formed in the middle of the second upper end socket; the first upper end socket is connected with the second upper end socket, and the punching hole is formed in the first upper end socket.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower seal heads are in close contact with the upper and lower ends of the annular gum cover, respectively.
3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the upper end enclosure, the lower end enclosure and the kettle body are sealed by sealing rings.
4. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the annular pressure hole is provided in a lower portion of the side face of the tank body, and a second water outlet communicating with the annular pressure chamber is provided in an upper portion of the side face of the tank body.
5. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the heating device comprises a jacket sleeved on the outer wall of the kettle body, the jacket is provided with an electric heating wire, and the heating control device is connected with the electric heating wire.
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| CN113341112B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2023-06-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for testing expansion and contraction of cement paste |
| CN112684112A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Leakage-layer-simulating dynamic pressure-bearing leakage-stopping instrument |
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