CN109632314B - Engine torque measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Engine torque measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632314B CN109632314B CN201811407991.XA CN201811407991A CN109632314B CN 109632314 B CN109632314 B CN 109632314B CN 201811407991 A CN201811407991 A CN 201811407991A CN 109632314 B CN109632314 B CN 109632314B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
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Abstract
An engine torque measuring device comprises a torque calculation unit, four engine support leg pressure sensors, an engine rotating speed sensor and a gravity sensor, wherein the four engine support leg pressure sensors, the engine rotating speed sensor and the gravity sensor are respectively connected with the torque calculation unit; the pressure sensors are used for measuring the pressure at the four legs A, B, C, D of the engine and converting the measured pressure data into electric signals to be transmitted to the torque calculation unit; the rotating speed sensor is used for measuring the rotating speed of the engine, converting data into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the torque calculating unit, and the torque calculating unit calculates the rotating angular acceleration beta of the engine according to the input data; the gravity sensor is used for measuring the inclination angle alpha of the engine body when the engine works; the torque calculation unit is used for analyzing data transmitted and input by each element and finally calculating the real-time output torque MD of the engine according to a built-in formula.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring engine torque, in particular to a device and a method for measuring real-time torque by measuring stress and rotating speed of a supporting leg of an engine.
Background
The engine is the main power device of vehicle, engineering machine, generating set, boats and ships etc. and output torque is a main state index when the engine is worked, through the measurement to real-time working torque, CAN not only obtain load data, engine operating condition, CAN also bring the torque data into engine control system, improves engine response characteristic, reduces the oil consumption, and for modern automobile, along with the application of automatic transmission and on-vehicle CAN bus, engine torque data has become essential control signal.
There are three main methods for obtaining engine torque: firstly, a torque sensor is arranged on a crankshaft or a transmission shaft; the second method is to measure the pressure in the cylinder by a detonation pressure sensor and calculate the torque of the engine; the third method is torque estimation, namely, the torque of the engine is estimated by acquiring data such as rotating speed, fuel injection quantity, air inflow and the like and by methods such as table lookup calculation and the like.
A torque sensor is arranged on a crankshaft or a transmission shaft, and because the crankshaft rotates at a high speed when working, no torque sensor which can meet the requirements of batch production and service life can be used at present; the cylinder pressure is measured by the detonation pressure sensor to calculate the torque of the engine, and the method has high cost due to the high price of the cylinder pressure sensor, particularly for a multi-cylinder engine, and the detonation pressure sensor is installed on a cylinder cover, so that the detonation pressure sensor is complex in process and poor in reliability, and cannot be used in batches; the torque estimation has large errors in transient response and engine failure, and has high requirements on hardware resources due to the need of a large amount of calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an engine torque measuring device and an engine torque measuring method, which can accurately measure the real-time output torque of an engine, have low cost and can be produced and used in batches.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an engine torque measuring device comprises a torque calculation unit, and four engine support leg pressure sensors, a rotating speed sensor and a gravity sensor which are respectively connected with the torque calculation unit;
the pressure sensors are used for measuring the pressure at the four legs A, B, C, D of the engine and converting the measured pressure data into electric signals to be transmitted to the torque calculation unit;
the rotating speed sensor is used for measuring the rotating speed of the engine, converting rotating speed data into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the torque calculating unit, and the torque calculating unit calculates the rotating angular acceleration beta of the engine according to the input data;
the gravity sensor is used for measuring the inclination angle alpha of the engine body when the engine works;
the torque calculation unit is used for analyzing data transmitted and input by each element and finally calculating the real-time output torque MD of the engine according to a built-in formula.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the engine legs A and B and the legs C and D are symmetrically arranged about the crankshaft center line.
An engine torque measurement method comprising the steps of:
A. under the condition that the engine does not work, calculating the gravity G of the engine according to readings FA1, FB1, FC1 and FD1 of pressure sensors of all the support legs;
B. under the condition that the engine works, the inclination angle alpha is measured through a gravity sensor, and the gravity component GA, GB, GC and GD of the engine borne by each supporting leg can be calculated according to the trigonometric function relation;
C. calculating the component force FA3, FB3, FC3 and FD3 of the reaction torque loaded to the engine at each supporting leg according to the readings FA2, FB2, FC2 and FD2 of the pressure sensors of each supporting leg and the gravity component forces GA, GB, GC and GD borne by each supporting leg: FA2 ═ FA3+ GA, FB2 ═ FB3+ GB, FC2 ═ FC3+ GC, FD2 ═ FD3+ GD;
D. according to the condition that the total torque of the engine to the central line of the crankshaft is zero, the reaction torque ML of the load to the engine can be calculated:
ML+(FA3+FB3)×L/2-(FC3+FD3)×L/2＝0；
E. according to the equation of motion of the engine crankshaft:
MD+ML-E·β＝0；
the real-time output torque MD of the engine can be obtained, wherein E is the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft, the flywheel and the transmission shaft, and beta is the rotational angular acceleration.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the engine does not work, the supporting legs are acted by gravity and supporting force, the gravity center O of the engine is positioned on the central line of the crankshaft in the step A, so that FA1 is FC1, FB1 is FD1, and the gravity G of the engine can be obtained according to the balance FA1+ FB1+ FC1+ FD1+ G of the force, which is 0.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and in the step B, the total torque sigma M of the connection line of the engine pair B-D is 0: (FA1'+ FC1') × S + gxh is 0, and the total torque Σ M of the engine-to-a-C connection is 0: (FB1'+ FD1') × S + G × (S-H) ═ 0, and whether the pressure sensors of the legs are normal or not can be verified by comparing the calculated values of FA1'+ FC1' and FB1'+ FD1' with the readings of the pressure sensors of the legs, wherein S is the horizontal distance from the line A-C to the line B-D, H is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity O to the line B-D, and G is the engine gravity calculated in the step A.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step B, the gravity component force GA, GB, GC and GD of the engine on each support leg can be obtained according to the total moment sigma M of the connection line A-C and the connection line B-D of the engine pair, which is equal to 0: (GA + GC) × S + G × cos α × H ═ 0, (GB + GD) × S + G × cos α × (S-H) ═ 0, where α is the inclination angle measured by the gravity sensor (4), and the center of gravity O of the engine is located on the crankshaft centerline, so GA ═ GC and GB ═ GD.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and F, recording the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft, recording the load torque M1 of the engine and the change data of the rotating speed to form a rotating speed oscillogram according to an engine bench experiment, calculating the change rate of the rotating speed, and calculating the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft according to a formula E which is M1/.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that: the real-time output torque of the engine can be calculated by measuring the stress of the four support legs of the engine and the rotating speed, the calculation result is accurate, the steps are simple, the measuring device is a pressure sensor, a gravity sensor and a rotating speed sensor, the device is simple, the cost is low, the service life is long, the practicability is high, and the device can be produced and used in batches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a torque measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a torque calculation flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified graph of engine stress according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a rotational speed waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the device comprises a torque calculation unit 1, a pressure sensor 2, a rotating speed sensor 3, a gravity sensor 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
an engine torque measuring device comprises a torque calculation unit 1, and four engine leg pressure sensors 2, a rotating speed sensor 3 and a gravity sensor 4 which are respectively connected with the torque calculation unit 1, wherein the pressure sensors 2 are positioned below four legs of an engine, respectively measure pressure at the positions of the four legs A, B, C, D, convert the measured pressure data into electric signals and transmit the electric signals to the torque calculation unit 1, as shown in fig. 3, legs A and B and legs C and D of the engine are symmetrically arranged about a central line of a crankshaft, a gravity center O is positioned on the central line of the crankshaft, the horizontal distance from the gravity center O to a connecting line of B-D is H, the horizontal distance from the connecting line of A-C to the connecting line of B-D is S, and the vertical distance from the leg B to the leg D is L.
An engine torque measuring method, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, includes the following steps:
A. when the engine is not in operation, the four legs of the engine are subjected to the gravity G of the engine and the supporting force (the value is the reading of the pressure sensor 2) of each leg pressure sensor 2 to the legs: because the center of gravity O of the engine is located on the center line of the crankshaft, FA1 is FC1, FB1 is FD1, and the gravity G of the engine can be obtained from readings FA1, FB1, FC1, FD1 of the pressure sensors 2 of the engine legs and the force balance principle: FA1+ FB1+ FC1+ FD1+ G is 0, wherein the pressure sensors 2 are used to measure the pressure at the four engine legs A, B, C, D and convert the measured pressure data into electrical signals to the torque calculation unit 1;
B. when the engine works, the engine body inclines, the inclination direction is any direction, the inclination angle is alpha, the gravity sensor 4 can be used for measuring, the gravity sensor 4 is arranged on an engine crankcase or a flywheel shell or an accessory bracket, and the total moment sigma M of the A-C connecting line and the B-D connecting line is 0 according to the engine: (GA + GC) x S + G x cos alpha x H is 0, (GB + GD) x S + G x cos alpha x (S-H) is 0, wherein S is the horizontal distance from the A-C connecting line to the B-D connecting line, H is the horizontal distance from the gravity center O to the B-D connecting line, G is the engine gravity calculated in the step A, and the gravity center O of the engine is located on the central line of the crankshaft, so that GA is GC, GB is GD, and the gravity component GA, GB, GC and GD of the engine borne by each support leg can be calculated by substituting the formula;
C. the engine itself has three forces: the rotating centrifugal force, the primary inertia force and the secondary inertia force are finally balanced through design and do not act on the engine support legs any more, so that the four support legs of the engine only receive the gravity component force GA, GB, GC, GD of the engine and the component force FA3, FB3, FC3 and FD3 of the reaction torque acting force of the load on the engine, and the FA component forces 3, FB3, FC3 and FD3 of the reaction torque acting on the engine at the support legs are calculated according to the readings FA2, FB2, FC2 and FD2 of the support leg pressure sensor 2 and the gravity component forces GA, GB, GC and GD of the reaction torque acting on the support legs: FA2 ═ FA3+ GA, FB2 ═ FB3+ GB, FC2 ═ FC3+ GC, FD2 ═ FD3+ GD;
D. according to the condition that the total torque of the engine to the central line of the crankshaft is zero, the reaction torque ML of the load to the engine can be calculated:
ML+(FA3+FB3)×L/2-(FC3+FD3)×L/2＝0；
E. according to the equation of motion of the engine crankshaft:
MD+ML-E·β＝0；
the real-time output torque MD of the engine can be obtained, wherein beta is rotation angular acceleration, the rotation speed of the engine is measured through a rotation speed sensor 3, the rotation speed data is converted into an electric signal and transmitted to a torque calculation unit 1, the rotation speed calculation unit 1 can obtain the rotation angular acceleration beta of the engine through differential calculation according to input data, the rotation speed sensor 3 is installed on a flywheel or a camshaft of the engine, E is the total rotational inertia of a crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft, and E can be obtained according to the E-M1/, so that E can be obtained by only determining the change rate of the load torque M1 and the rotation speed, a load of 200-300 Nm is loaded according to an engine bench experiment, the load torque is suddenly reduced to 0 through a change-over switch, the rotation speed change data is recorded to form a rotation speed waveform diagram and an output torque M1, and a section of corresponding data with better rotation speed waveform linearity after the, and (4) calculating the change rate of the rotating speed according to the rotating speed T2-the rotating speed T1)/(T2-T1), and obtaining the E according to the total inertia moment formula E of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft, namely M1/.
According to the total torque sigma M of the connection line between the engine pair B and D is equal to 0: (FA1'+ FC1') × S + gxh is 0, total torque Σ M of the engine-to-a-C connection is 0: (FB1'+ FD1') × S + G × (S-H) ═ 0, substituting the gravity G calculated in step a, it is possible to verify whether the pressure sensors 2 of the respective legs are normal by comparing the calculated values of FA1'+ FC1' and FB1'+ FD1' with the readings of the respective leg pressure sensors 2.
The specific implementation method for calculating the total rotational inertia E of the crankshaft, the flywheel and the transmission shaft of the engine comprises the following steps:
loading 250Nm load according to an engine bench test, reducing the load torque to 0 by a selector switch, recording the rotating speed change data to form a rotating speed waveform as shown in FIG. 4, taking the data corresponding to a section with better waveform linearity after the load is unloaded suddenly, calculating the rotating speed change rate to be 257.53rpm/s according to the (rotating speed T2-rotating speed T1)/(T2-T1), measuring the engine output torque M1 to be 52.98Nm, processing the rotating speed recorded data, and calculating the total rotating inertia E of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft to be 2.0572kgm according to the E to the M1/2。
Claims (5)
1. An engine torque measurement method characterized by: the measuring device comprises a torque calculation unit (1), and four engine support leg pressure sensors (2), a rotating speed sensor (3) and a gravity sensor (4) which are respectively connected with the torque calculation unit (1);
the pressure sensors (2) are used for measuring the pressure at the four legs A, B, C, D of the engine, and converting the measured pressure data into electric signals to be transmitted to the torque calculation unit (1), wherein the engine legs A and B and the legs C and D are symmetrically arranged around the central line of the crankshaft;
the rotating speed sensor (3) is used for measuring the rotating speed of the engine, converting rotating speed data into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the torque calculating unit (1), and the torque calculating unit (1) calculates the rotating angular acceleration beta of the engine according to input data;
the gravity sensor (4) is used for measuring the inclination angle alpha of the engine body when the engine works;
the measuring method comprises the following specific steps:
A. under the condition that the engine does not work, calculating the gravity G of the engine according to readings FA1, FB1, FC1 and FD1 of the pressure sensors (2) of all the support legs;
B. under the condition that the engine works, the inclination angle alpha is measured through the gravity sensor (4), and the gravity component GA, GB, GC and GD of the engine borne by each supporting leg can be calculated according to the trigonometric function relation;
C. according to readings FA2, FB2, FC2 and FD2 of each leg pressure sensor (2) and gravity component forces GA, GB, GC and GD borne by each leg, component forces FA3, FB3, FC3 and FD3 of reaction torque of each leg loaded to the engine are calculated: FA2 ═ FA3+ GA, FB2 ═ FB3+ GB, FC2 ═ FC3+ GC, FD2 ═ FD3+ GD;
D. according to the condition that the total torque of the engine to the central line of the crankshaft is zero, the reaction torque ML of the load to the engine can be calculated:
ML+(FA3+FB3)×L/2-(FC3+FD3)×L/2＝0；
E. according to the equation of motion of the engine crankshaft:
MD+ML-E·β＝0；
the real-time output torque MD of the engine can be obtained, wherein E is the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft, the flywheel and the transmission shaft, and beta is the rotational angular acceleration.
2. An engine torque measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the engine does not work, the supporting legs are acted by gravity and supporting force, the gravity center O of the engine is positioned on the central line of the crankshaft in the step A, so that FA1 is FC1, FB1 is FD1, and the gravity G of the engine can be obtained according to the balance FA1+ FB1+ FC1+ FD1+ G of the force, which is 0.
3. An engine torque measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step B, the total torque sigma M of the connection line of the engine pair B-D is 0: (FA1'+ FC1') × S + gxh is 0, and the total torque Σ M of the engine-to-a-C connection is 0: (FB1'+ FD1') × S + G × (S-H) ═ 0, and whether the pressure sensors of the legs are normal or not can be verified by comparing the calculated values of FA1'+ FC1' and FB1'+ FD1' with the readings of the pressure sensors of the legs, wherein S is the horizontal distance from the line A-C to the line B-D, H is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity O to the line B-D, and G is the engine gravity calculated in the step A.
4. An engine torque measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the gravity component force GA, GB, GC and GD of the engine on each support leg can be obtained according to the total moment sigma M of the connection line A-C and the connection line B-D of the engine pair, which is equal to 0: (GA + GC) × S + G × cos α × H ═ 0, (GB + GD) × S + G × cos α × (S-H) ═ 0, where S is the horizontal distance from the a-C connection to the B-D connection, H is the horizontal distance from the center of gravity O to the B-D connection, α is the angle of inclination measured by the gravity sensor (4), and the center of gravity O of the engine is located on the crankshaft centerline, so GA ═ GC and GB ═ GD.
5. An engine torque measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and F, recording the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft, recording the load torque M1 of the engine and the change data of the rotating speed to form a rotating speed oscillogram according to an engine bench experiment, calculating the change rate of the rotating speed, and calculating the total rotational inertia of the crankshaft-flywheel-transmission shaft according to a formula E which is M1/.
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| JP3260190B2 (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 2002-02-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Vehicle output shaft torque estimation device and vehicle weight calculation device |
| NZ272165A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-04-24 | Percy Frederick Bull | Vehicle tester: determining motive force delivered by measuring vehicles weight distribution on support to measure torque applied when vehicles motor is under load |
| US7353697B2 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2008-04-08 | Akkerman Neil H | System for mounting an engine to a frame |
| US7370516B2 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2008-05-13 | General Motors Corporation | Method for estimating transmission input torque |
| CN102607751B (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2014-06-11 | 中国航空动力机械研究所 | Output torque measurement device of turboshaft engine |
| CN202735007U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-02-13 | 陕西通力专用汽车有限责任公司 | Detection system used for detecting power and torque of engine of special vehicle |
| CN105157893B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-09-07 | 山东大学 | A kind of motor instant torch measuring system and method |
| KR101766032B1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-08-23 | 현대자동차주식회사 | System and method for measuring output torque of driving module compring harmonic drive |
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