CN109632001B - Monitoring method for mechanical damage of strawberries in logistics transportation process - Google Patents
Monitoring method for mechanical damage of strawberries in logistics transportation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109632001B CN109632001B CN201811634903.XA CN201811634903A CN109632001B CN 109632001 B CN109632001 B CN 109632001B CN 201811634903 A CN201811634903 A CN 201811634903A CN 109632001 B CN109632001 B CN 109632001B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for monitoring mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process, which solves the problem that the current naked eye or optical detection technology is not suitable for monitoring the mechanical damage of strawberries and other fruits stored in a packing box in the logistics transportation process. This scheme is selecting the transportation highway condition, the vibration time, the three factor of humidity carries out the vibration simulation experiment to the strawberry of vanning in the strawberry box, utilize the electron nose, the electron nose signal of every strawberry box is gathered respectively to temperature and humidity sensor, the humidity signal, temperature signal, establish the prediction model, gather the electron nose signal that corresponds to the strawberry box at every transport node of commodity circulation transportation, the humidity signal, temperature signal, predict the strawberry mechanical damage condition in the strawberry box, storage and the transportation strategy of the strawberry box that awaits measuring according to the strawberry damage proportion decision-making, the commodity value of strawberry is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit postharvest treatment, relates to a strawberry quality monitoring and evaluating method, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people, high-quality fresh fruits increasingly become an important component of daily nutrition supply for common people. The logistics transportation of the picked fruits is one of the key links for ensuring the fresh and high-quality supply of the products. Mechanical damage during logistics is an important factor causing the quality of fruits to deteriorate in the post-harvest logistics process, especially for some fruit varieties with soft texture. The vibration mechanical damage is the main mechanical damage in the fruit post-harvest logistics process. The fruit suffered from the vibration mechanical injury can have the injuries of increased respiratory strength, enhanced membrane permeability, softened tissue, reduced strength and the like, thereby causing the remarkable reduction of commodity, storage and edibility of the product and seriously affecting the terminal sale of the product. In addition, the fruit damaged by vibration can cause the spoilage of other fruits around the fruit in the subsequent storage and transportation links, thereby causing greater economic loss. Therefore, in the fruit market with intense competition, whether the fruits are damaged due to logistics transportation vibration or not is accurately and timely detected, which is very important for personnel in the storage/sale links after transportation and transportation, so that the personnel can acquire the quality information of the fruits in the transportation process, and the storage, transportation and sale schemes can be changed or optimized as soon as possible.
The strawberries are popular with consumers because of their bright color, strong fragrance, sweet and juicy. Meanwhile, the strawberries are rich in nutrition, the fruits are rich in antioxidant active substances such as phenols, especially the content of vitamin C is high, and the strawberries have good nutritional, health-care and medicinal values and are praised as fruit queen. With the improvement of living standard of people, the consumption of strawberries is higher and higher, and particularly, high-quality strawberries are popular. However, strawberries do not have firm pericarp and the pulp is soft and juicy. Therefore, the strawberries are extremely susceptible to mechanical damage caused by vehicle vibration during transportation after picking, so that the pulp quality is reduced, and the strawberries are more susceptible to microbial infection to cause the rotting to be aggravated; but also cause spoilage of other peripheral strawberries. Thus, strawberries that have suffered a vibrating mechanical damage are unsuitable for further storage and sale and need to be discovered in a timely manner.
The vibration resistance of the same fruit under the same transportation condition is different due to factors such as the strawberry fruit cultivation environment, cultivation technology, picking maturity and the like. On the other hand, the buyers may be differentiated for each selling season. This may result in the actual road transportation route of the picked strawberry fruit being different for each sale season. Due to the reasons, the vibration damage degree possibly suffered by the strawberry fruits cannot be predicted in advance during sale and transportation, and the damage degree can be monitored as much as possible at each node of actual logistics transportation.
The traditional method for detecting the vibration mechanical damage of the fruit is mainly visual inspection and is widely adopted by wholesalers, sellers and consumers. However, the method has the defects of time consumption, labor waste, complexity, instability and the like, and the method needs to be unpacked for detection, so that the requirement of strawberry quality monitoring of nodes in the logistics transportation process can not be met obviously. In recent years, the nondestructive testing technology of fruits is rapidly developed, and the near infrared spectrum and hyperspectral imaging technology based on optics are the most popular. However, during logistics transportation, fruit is often stored in cardboard boxes, plastic boxes, foam boxes, and the like, and cannot be optically detected. This makes the visual or optical detection technique unsuitable for monitoring the mechanical vibration damage of the fruits such as strawberries stored in the packaging box during the logistics transportation process. Therefore, most of the existing researches on mechanical damage of strawberries still stay in the laboratory stage, and the gap exists between the research and the actual industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the current naked eye or optical detection technology is not suitable for monitoring mechanical damage of fruits such as strawberries stored in a packing box in the logistics transportation process, and provides a method for monitoring mechanical damage of strawberries in the logistics transportation process. The invention also provides a box-opening-free sampling method for sampling by inserting the needle-tube-shaped electronic nose collector into the gap of the box body, and simultaneously, modeling prediction is carried out on the mechanical damage degree of the strawberries in the strawberry box body by combining the humidity and the temperature in the strawberry box body, so that the practical situation of industrial application is more approached, the quality monitoring function of the electronic nose in logistics transportation after the strawberries are picked is realized, and a practical and effective application idea is provided from a laboratory to the industrial transformation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a monitoring method for mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a plurality of strawberry samples which are eight-ripe, uniform in maturity, uniform in size, free of plant diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical injury;
b. carrying out a vibration simulation experiment, selecting three factors, namely transport road conditions, vibration time and humidity in a strawberry box body, selecting three different levels for each factor, designing three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments, wherein 9 groups of experiments are designed, each group of experiments uses M boxes of strawberries, N strawberries are tiled in each box of strawberries, and each strawberry box body is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor;
c. after each group of experiments is finished, each box of strawberries is respectively inserted into a gap of a cover plate of a strawberry box body by using an electronic nose collector to extract gas for electronic nose detection, the total time of single electronic nose detection reaction is t, and once electronic nose data is collected every second, wherein the electronic nose is provided with n sensors which respectively generate sensor data corresponding to the box body gas;
d. the method comprises the following steps of collecting electronic nose data of each strawberry box body, for the jth strawberry box body, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 9M, extracting a sensor characteristic value from an ith sensor signal of the electronic nose, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n: maximum value of sensor data FMax，i，jSum of sensor data values per second FSum，i，jSensor data F at 0.5t0.5t，i，jTime t sensor data Ft，i，j(ii) a Collecting actual humidity value H in jth strawberry boxj；
e. After the data acquisition of the electronic nose, the strawberry box body is opened, and whether the area of the strawberry surface is larger than 25mm or not is judged through artificial visual observation2Obvious bruising and bruising refer to that the shape and color of the strawberry surface tissue are changed, the surface tissue becomes soft, and the damage proportion of the bruised strawberry in the jth strawberry box is counted as Yj；
f. Based on the electronic nose data and the humidity value data of 9M strawberry boxes, the characteristic values and the humidity values of all sensors of the electronic nose are used as independent variables, the damage proportion in the strawberry boxes is used as dependent variables of a model, a prediction model is established by adopting a partial least square regression method, and an equation I is as follows:
aMax，i、aSum，i、a0.5t，i、at，ib is an intercept, c is a humidity correction coefficient;
g. at every transportation node of commodity circulation transportation, go on not unpacking the strawberry box that awaits measuring and detect, use the electron nose collector to insert that strawberry box apron gap department extracts gas and carry out the electron nose and detect, acquire the electron nose data, read humidity value data, adopt equation one to calculate the strawberry damage in the strawberry box that awaits measuring and account for than, according to the storage and the transportation strategy of strawberry damage account for than decision-making strawberry box that awaits measuring, improve the commodity value of strawberry.
Fruit damage caused by different reasons and different damage causing mechanisms exist, response signals of the electronic nose also have differences, and the scheme aims at quality detection in the fruit logistics transportation process, so that the vibration test standard of national standard is adopted to simulate strawberry mechanical damage conditions of different transportation vibration conditions, different transportation time and different environmental conditions so as to correspond to various different conditions of fruits under different logistics conditions, and the sample object selected for establishing the prediction model has more representativeness on the mechanical damage caused by different transportation conditions. In the logistics transportation process after fruit is picked, need through the storage, transport, distribute each region, at this in-process, can pass through a plurality of collection scatter the point, as every transportation node of logistics transportation, every transportation node needs to handle the strawberry respectively, and some change into littleer transport and transfer subordinate's distribution point, some needs as regional storage stock etc.. In the scheme, the sampling pipe of the gas in the strawberry box body extends into the strawberry box body from a gap buckled with the box cover of the strawberry box body, the cover does not need to be opened, the influence on the sealing performance and the integrity of the package can be ignored slightly, and the protection effect of the package box body cannot be damaged; the humiture signal can use wireless transmission or follow case lid lock department wired transmission output, uses the electron nose to carry out signal detection after the inside gas collection of corresponding strawberry box to according to the holistic damage condition in the model prediction strawberry box that establishes, thereby make a decision. Classifying each box of strawberries, carrying out environmental protection treatment such as discarding and burying in advance for high overall damage degree, changing a sales strategy if the stock is insufficient, and adjusting the stock from other places to replenish the stock; if the overall damage degree is moderate, the damaged strawberries are discarded and buried after the boxes are opened, and the strawberries in each box are supplemented with each other for subsequent storage, transportation and sale; for the low overall damage degree, the storage time is reduced, the distribution is carried out nearby, and the sale is accelerated; the undamaged products can be delivered for a longer distance, can be stored for a certain time, and can be sold in a certain sale period. The monitoring method of the scheme preferably uses the same set of prediction models for strawberries of the same cultivar in the same production area, and establishes prediction models for strawberries of different production areas or different cultivars respectively.
Preferably, the method includes the steps of simulating vibration mechanical damage of strawberries under different temperature conditions in the road transportation process, repeating the steps a to h under the conditions that the temperature T in a strawberry box body is 5 ℃,10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, and establishing five different strawberry box body temperature T condition prediction models, wherein the equation II is as follows:
and g, simultaneously acquiring temperature information of each strawberry box body, selecting an equation two prediction model closest to the temperature T according to the temperature of each strawberry box body, and calculating and predicting the damage ratio of the strawberries in each strawberry box body to be tested. The respiratory activity to packing condition and strawberry individual is different, although the strawberry box adopts cold chain delivery mostly, even set up the same temperature in different carriages, still can be because the respiratory action of the strawberry of different maturity and quality, lead to in each strawberry box, including the strawberry box in the same carriage or set up the strawberry box in the different carriages of the same temperature, form different incasement temperatures, and the sensor signal of electron nose is high to the response sensitivity of temperature, consequently should be according to the actual temperature in the strawberry box incasement of difference, should adopt the model of establishing under the temperature of establishing good closest, predict.
Preferably, in the step b, 15-20 boxes of strawberries are used in each group of experiments, and 30-50 strawberries are tiled in each box of strawberries.
Preferably, the electronic nose is an electronic nose of AIRSENSE PEN3 Germany, and has 10 sensors.
Preferably, in step c, the total time of the single electronic nose detection reaction is t 20s to 30 s.
Preferably, in step b, three different levels of transport road conditions are according to part 23 of the national standard GBT 4857.23-2012: the random vibration test method comprises the steps of selecting three power spectral density curves with different harsh levels in an appendix A.1 'PSD (random vibration Power Spectrum) curve of different harsh levels for road transportation', wherein the total root mean square values grms of the accelerated speeds of the three power spectral density curves are 0.41, 0.58 and 0.75 respectively; the three different levels of vibration time are 4h, 14h and 24h, and the three different levels of humidity in the strawberry box are 80%, 90% and 100% of humidity values.
Preferably, the strawberries used in step a and step g are of the same cultivar in the same place of production.
According to the method, a prediction model is established for mechanical damage in the strawberry logistics transportation process, and the damage condition of the whole body in the strawberry box body is predicted according to the established model at each transportation node in the logistics transportation process after fruits are picked, so that different storage and distribution strategies are formulated according to different strawberry damage conditions.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a table of orthogonal experimental designs of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a signal curve diagram of the electronic nose sensor in one test of the present invention, wherein sensors 1-10 refer to 10 sensors in the electronic nose instrument, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a table of values for the top 20s of the sensor corresponding to the graph of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a table of various sensors and corresponding performance of the electronic nose used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): a monitoring method for mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a plurality of strawberry samples which are eight-ripe, uniform in maturity, uniform in size, free of plant diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical injury; selecting the same cultivar in the same producing area for the strawberry sample;
b. carrying out a vibration simulation experiment, selecting three factors, namely transport road conditions, vibration time and humidity in a strawberry box body, selecting three different levels for each factor, designing three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments, as shown in fig. 1, wherein 9 groups of experiments are provided in total, each group of experiments uses M-15 boxes of strawberries, each box of strawberries is tiled with N-40 strawberries, and each strawberry box body is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor; three different levels of transport highway conditions are according to the national standard GBT 4857.23-2012 part 23: the random vibration test method comprises the steps of selecting three power spectral density curves with different harsh levels in an appendix A.1 'PSD (random vibration Power Spectrum) curve of different harsh levels for road transportation', wherein the root mean square values g rms of the acceleration of the three power spectral density curves are 0.41, 0.58 and 0.75 respectively; the three different levels of vibration time are 4h, 14h and 24h, and the three different levels of humidity in the strawberry box body are 80%, 90% and 100% of humidity values;
c. after each group of experiments is finished, each box of strawberries is respectively inserted into a gap of a cover plate of a strawberry box body by using an electronic nose collector to extract gas for electronic nose detection, the electronic nose is a German AIRSENSEPEN3 electronic nose and is provided with n-10 sensors, the gas components correspondingly detected by the 10 sensors are shown in figure 4, the total time of single electronic nose detection reaction is t-20 s, once electronic nose data is collected every second, and the 10 sensors respectively generate sensor data corresponding to box body gas; the sensor signal curve and the numerical value of one experiment are shown in figures 2 and 3, the sensor signal curve basically tends to be stable after 20s, and in order to be close to the actual use condition and improve the detection efficiency in the logistics transportation process, only the first 20s signal is taken in the scheme;
d. the electronic nose data of each strawberry box body is collected, j is more than or equal to 1 and is less than or equal to 9M (135) for the jth strawberry box body, the ith sensor signal of the electronic nose is more than or equal to 1 and is less than or equal to 10, and the characteristic value of the sensor is extracted: maximum value of sensor data FMax，i，jSum of sensor data values per second FSum，i，j10A time sensor data F0.5t，i，jTime t sensor data Ft，i，j(ii) a Collecting actual humidity value H in jth strawberry boxj；
e. After the data of the electronic nose is collectedOpening the strawberry box body, and judging whether the area of the strawberry surface is larger than 25mm through artificial visual observation2Obvious bruising and bruising refer to that the shape and color of the strawberry surface tissue are changed, the surface tissue becomes soft, and the damage proportion of the bruised strawberry in the jth strawberry box is counted as Yj；
f. Based on the data of the electronic nose and the data of the humidity value of 135 strawberry boxes, the characteristic value and the humidity value of each sensor of the electronic nose are used as independent variables, the damage proportion in the strawberry boxes is used as the dependent variable of the model, a prediction model is established by adopting a partial least square regression method, and an equation I is as follows:
aMax，i、aSum，i、a0.5t，i、at，ib is an intercept, c is a humidity correction coefficient;
g. the method comprises the steps of boxing strawberry to be detected in the same producing area with strawberry samples to serve as a strawberry box body to be detected, detecting the strawberry box body to be detected without unpacking at each transport node of logistics transport, inserting an electronic nose collector into a gap of a cover plate of the strawberry box body to extract gas to detect the electronic nose, acquiring electronic nose data, reading humidity value data, calculating the strawberry damage proportion in the strawberry box body to be detected by adopting an equation I, deciding storage and transport strategies of the strawberry box body to be detected according to the strawberry damage proportion, and improving commodity value of the strawberry.
For the strawberry box body with high overall damage degree and the strawberry damage accounting for more than 80 percent, considering the secondary damage and the operation cost caused by box splicing operation, the treatment of environmental protection such as discarding and burying is carried out in advance, if the stock is insufficient, the sales strategy is changed, and the stock is transferred from other places for replenishment; if the overall damage degree is moderate and the damage percentage of the strawberries is 20-80%, discarding and burying the damaged strawberries after opening the box, supplementing the strawberries in each box with each other, and carrying out subsequent storage, transportation and sale; for the strawberry with low overall damage degree and the strawberry damage ratio of 5-20%, the storage time is reduced, the distribution is nearby, and the sale is accelerated; strawberry damage accounts for less than 5% of damage, is considered slightly damaged or undamaged, can be delivered for a relatively long distance, can be stored for a certain period of time, and can be sold within a certain sale period.
Example 2: a method for monitoring mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process by combining internal temperature of a strawberry box body is characterized in that vibration mechanical damage of strawberries under different temperature conditions in a road transportation process is simulated, steps a to h in an embodiment 1 are repeated under the conditions that the internal temperature T of the strawberry box body is 5 ℃,10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, and five different internal temperature T condition prediction models of the strawberry box body are established, wherein an equation II is as follows:
and simultaneously acquiring temperature information of each strawberry box body in the step g, selecting an equation two prediction model closest to the temperature T according to the temperature of each strawberry box body, and calculating and predicting the damage ratio of the strawberries in each strawberry box body to be tested.
Claims (7)
1. A monitoring method for mechanical damage of strawberries in a logistics transportation process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a plurality of strawberry samples which are eight-ripe, uniform in maturity, uniform in size, free of plant diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical injury;
b. carrying out a vibration simulation experiment, selecting three factors, namely transport road conditions, vibration time and humidity in a strawberry box body, selecting three different levels for each factor, designing three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments, wherein 9 groups of experiments are designed, each group of experiments uses M boxes of strawberries, N strawberries are tiled in each box of strawberries, and each strawberry box body is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor;
c. after each group of experiments is finished, each box of strawberries is respectively inserted into a gap of a cover plate of a strawberry box body by using an electronic nose collector to extract gas for electronic nose detection, the total time of single electronic nose detection reaction is t, and once electronic nose data is collected every second, wherein the electronic nose is provided with n sensors which respectively generate sensor data corresponding to the box body gas;
d. the method comprises the following steps of collecting electronic nose data of each strawberry box body, for the jth strawberry box body, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 9M, extracting a sensor characteristic value from an ith sensor signal of the electronic nose, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n: maximum value of sensor data FMax，i，jSum of sensor data values per second FSum，i，jSensor data F at 0.5t0.5t，i，jTime t sensor data Ft，i，j(ii) a Collecting actual humidity value H in jth strawberry boxj；
e. After the data acquisition of the electronic nose, the strawberry box body is opened, and whether the area of the strawberry surface is larger than 25mm or not is judged through artificial visual observation2Obvious bruising and bruising refer to that the shape and color of the strawberry surface tissue are changed, the surface tissue becomes soft, and the damage proportion of the bruised strawberry in the jth strawberry box is counted as Yj；
f. Based on the electronic nose data and the humidity value data of 9M strawberry boxes, the characteristic values and the humidity values of all sensors of the electronic nose are used as independent variables, the damage proportion in the strawberry boxes is used as dependent variables of a model, a prediction model is established by adopting a partial least square regression method, and an equation I is as follows:
aMax，i、aSum，i、a0.5t，i、at，ib is an intercept, c is a humidity correction coefficient;
g. the method comprises the steps of performing non-unpacking detection on a strawberry box body to be detected at each transport node of logistics transport, inserting an electronic nose collector into a gap of a cover plate of the strawberry box body to extract gas to perform electronic nose detection, acquiring electronic nose data, reading humidity value data, calculating the damage proportion of strawberries in the strawberry box body to be detected by adopting an equation I, deciding storage and transport strategies of the strawberry box body to be detected according to the damage proportion of the strawberries, and improving commodity value of the strawberries;
for strawberry boxes with strawberry damage accounting for more than 80%, considering secondary damage and operation cost caused by box splicing operation, environmental protection treatment of discarding and burying is carried out in advance, if the stock is insufficient, sales strategies are changed, and the stock is adjusted from other places to supplement the stock; if the damage percentage of the strawberries is 20-80%, opening the box, discarding and burying the damaged strawberries, supplementing the strawberries in each box, and carrying out subsequent storage, transportation and sale; if the damage ratio of the strawberries is between 5 and 20 percent, the storage time is reduced, the strawberries are delivered nearby, and the sale is accelerated; strawberry damage accounts for less than 5% of damage, is considered slightly damaged or undamaged, can be delivered for a relatively long distance, can be stored for a certain period of time, and can be sold within a certain sale period.
2. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring method comprises the following steps: simulating vibration mechanical damage of strawberries under different temperature conditions in the road transportation process, repeating the steps a-h under the conditions that the temperature T in a strawberry box body is 5 ℃,10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, and establishing five different strawberry box body temperature T condition prediction models, wherein an equation II is as follows:
and g, simultaneously acquiring temperature information of each strawberry box body, selecting an equation two prediction model closest to the temperature T according to the temperature of each strawberry box body, and calculating and predicting the damage ratio of the strawberries in each strawberry box body to be tested.
3. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step b, 15-20 boxes of strawberries are used in each group of experiments, and 30-50 strawberries are tiled in each box of strawberries.
4. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electronic nose is an electronic nose of Germany AIRSENSE PEN3 and is provided with 10 sensors.
5. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step c, the total time of the single electronic nose detection reaction is t 20 s-30 s.
6. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in step b, three different levels of transport highway conditions are according to part 23 of the national standard GBT 4857.23-2012: the random vibration test method comprises the steps of selecting three power spectral density curves with different harsh levels in an appendix A.1 'PSD (random vibration Power Spectrum) curve of different harsh levels for road transportation', wherein the total root mean square values g rms of the accelerated speeds of the three power spectral density curves are 0.41, 0.58 and 0.75 respectively; the three different levels of vibration time are 4h, 14h and 24h, and the three different levels of humidity in the strawberry box are 80%, 90% and 100% of humidity values.
7. The method for monitoring mechanical damage of raspberries in the process of logistics transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the strawberries used in step a and step g are of the same cultivar in the same place of production.
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| CN116577473B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-11-17 | 北京市农林科学院 | Detection method and device for strawberry mechanical damage occurrence time |
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