CN109626914A - A kind of material and preparation method of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining - Google Patents
A kind of material and preparation method of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining Download PDFInfo
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- CN109626914A CN109626914A CN201910095853.0A CN201910095853A CN109626914A CN 109626914 A CN109626914 A CN 109626914A CN 201910095853 A CN201910095853 A CN 201910095853A CN 109626914 A CN109626914 A CN 109626914A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the materials and preparation method of a kind of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining, it is related to technical field of building construction, single shell lining material is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 980-1020 parts of cement, sand 1804-1916 parts middle, 1203-1277 parts of rubble, 16.8-17.2 parts of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, 9.9-10.1 parts of silicon ash agent, 11.9-12.1 parts of polyolefine fiber, 396-404 parts of water, 79.2-80.8 parts of alkali-free quick-coagulant；The preparation method of single shell lining the following steps are included: Step 1: successively put into forced stirrer dry mixing 30 seconds according to parts by weight by the sequence of rubble, middle sand, cement, polyolefine fiber respectively, then high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent are added together with water and stirred 3.5 ~ 4.0 minutes；Step 2: wet shot trolley in the concrete transportation to tunnel of preparation is added alkali-free quick-coagulant at wet shot trolley nozzle, construction of shotcrete is carried out；Step 3: carrying out sprinkling maintenance when temperature is greater than 5 degrees Celsius.The material and preparation method can prepare the gunite concrete of permanent lining, secondary lining, and meet high performance requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of building construction, the specially a kind of material and system of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Qingdao stratum top is covered by the 4th system, and underlie Mesozoic Era basement rock, and substantial portion of Qingdao region route navigates within
In rock stratum, therefore subsurface excavation method station and section are widely used in Qingdao region construction.Compared to traditional composite lining, single shell lining
With the advantages of easy for construction, short time limit, cost saves, it is with a wide range of applications in the construction of Qingdao region.In single layer
In lining cutting application, high performance gunite concrete should be used, specific requirement is as follows:
1. reaching C40 gunite concrete, live coring intensity is greater than 40MPa；
2. seven days sprayed concrete strengths are greater than 30MPa, intensity is greater than 40MPa within 28 days；
3. the gunite concrete presetting period is less than 3min, final setting time is less than 10min；
4. meeting working performance (workability) requirement, must not isolate, bleeding or fiber agglomerate etc..Toughness and water-retaining property are full
Sufficient related request；
5. slump and loss of slump meet scene spray concrete requirement, slump is about in 180-200mm；
6. single shell lining gunite concrete seepage-resistant grade reaches P12.
7. single shell lining gunite concrete 56d electric flux should be less than 1200, chloride diffusion coefficient should be less than 7 × 1012m2/
s；
8. single shell lining gunite concrete bending strength should be greater than 4.4MPa, toughness index I5, I10, I205 should be respectively greater than,
10,20。
9. single shell lining gunite concrete 28d carbonation depth should be less than 2mm.
10. single shell lining gunite concrete resisting erosion of sulfate ability, 150 times circulation compression strength corrosion resistance index reaches
75%.
11. single shell lining gunite concrete freezing tolerance is freeze proof, durability factor DF (%) is greater than 70.
12. Water soluble chloride ion maximum level is not more than 0.06% in fiber concrete mixture；
13. meeting economic and practical performance requirement.
Common gunite concrete in the prior art is only temporary structure, it is difficult to meet above-mentioned high property spray concrete
It is required that needing to be arranged two linings when being used for subway station and main track lining cutting, construction is complicated.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of materials of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining
Material and preparation method, can prepare the high property spray concrete of permanent lining, secondary lining.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining, is made of: cement 980- the raw material of following parts by weight
1020 parts, sand 1804-1916 parts middle, 1203-1277 parts of rubble, 16.8-17.2 parts of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent
9.9-10.1 part, 11.9-12.1 parts of polyolefine fiber, 396-404 parts of water, 79.2-80.8 parts of alkali-free quick-coagulant.
Further, the cement selection P.O52.5 ordinary portland cement, 350~400m of specific surface area2/ kg,
C3A content is not less than 5%.
Further, the middle sand must not employment mechanism sand, fineness modulus is between 2.6~3.0, and clay content is small in sand
In 2%；Clod content is less than 1% in sand.
Further, the grain composition of the rubble is 5~10mm, and less than 1%, clod content is less than clay content in rubble
0.5%, for flat-elongated particles content by mass less than 8%, the bulk density of rubble is greater than 1450kg/m in rubble3。
Further, the high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid selects polycarboxylic acid salt's high-performance water reducing agent, at 25 degrees Celsius
Test temperature when, water-reducing rate be greater than or equal to 25%, alkali content (Na2O+0.658K2O) less than 10%, Na2SO4Content is small
In or be equal to 10%, chloride ion content is less than 0.1%, density 1.1g/cm3。
Further, the solid content of the silicon ash agent is 25 ± 1.0%, and pH value is 9.5 ± 1.0, viscosity (20 degrees Celsius)
Less than 15mPas, alkali content is less than 0.2%, and chloride ion content is less than 0.1%.
Further, the polyolefine fiber selects pencil monofilament fiber type, equivalent diameter 0.7mm, fibre length
For 48mm, the tensile strength of fiber is 500~600MPa, and the elasticity modulus of fiber is 7.0MPa, and the fusing point of fiber is 130 Celsius
Degree, the density of fiber are 0.91g/cm3。
Further, the wet concentration drinking water, pH value is greater than 4.5, with CL in water-It counts chloride and is less than 2000mg/
L, with SO in water4 2-It counts sulfate and is less than 2000mg/L.
Further, the alkali-free quick-coagulant selects viscosity to be less than 1000mPa.S, and less without being layered, precipitating, and cementing
Material and the preferable alkali-free quick-coagulant of water reducer compatibility；The alkali-free quick-coagulant require volume be able to satisfy less than 8% initial set≤
3min, final set≤10min, concrete 1d intensity are greater than 5MPa, and 28d strength retention is 90% or more；The alkali-free quick-coagulant
Under 25 degrees Celsius of temperature environment, alkali content≤1%, for chloride ion content less than 0.1%, pH value is 2.5 ± 0.5.
A kind of preparation method of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the raw material of the weight fraction is added in forced stirrer, it is desirable that stirring sufficiently, guarantees fiber point
It dissipates uniformly, one time amount of agitation is not more than the 80% of specified amount of agitation；First by rubble, middle sand, cement, polyolefine fiber when feeding intake
Sequence is successively put into forced stirrer respectively, is formed within dry mixing 30 seconds and is mixed and stirred material, then by high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent
It is added to mix and stir together with water and be stirred in material, mixing time is 3.5~4.0 minutes；
Step 2: by a kind of concrete prepared of the step by ground concrete tank car, it is delivered to feed opening, then
It is transported by tunnel inner concrete tank car to wet shot trolley in tunnel, then adds alkali-free quick-coagulant as claimed in claim 9 and exist
At wet shot trolley nozzle, construction of shotcrete is carried out；
Step 3: after gunite concrete completes, sprinkling maintenance is carried out when temperature is greater than 5 degrees Celsius.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is permanent lining, secondary lining 1. the present invention can prepare the high property spray concrete of single shell lining, service life is 100 years,
Cancel two linings, construction is simple simultaneously.
2. common gunite concrete design grade is generally C25, single shell lining gunite concrete prepared by the present invention is full
Sufficient design grade is the requirement of the high property spray concrete of C40.
3. 28 days intensity of common gunite concrete is generally no greater than 30MPa.By field test, list prepared by the present invention
For layer lining cutting gunite concrete indoors in Mix Ratio Test, 28 days intensity is 63.7MPa, is much larger than common gunite concrete 28 days
Intensity.Fibrous shotcrete axial compressive strength experiment test Distribution value is relatively uniform, discrete smaller.
4. common gunite concrete seepage-resistant grade is generally P8.By field test, single shell lining spray prepared by the present invention
Penetrating concrete impervious grade is P12, and scene is at least P13 through detecting seepage-resistant grade, meets the requirement of high property spray concrete.
5. common gunite concrete does not require electric flux and the invasive index of chloride ion, by field test, this hair
The single shell lining gunite concrete 56d electric flux 1450 of bright preparation is less than design requirement 1500, the intrusion of 28d concrete chloride ion
Property index 6.64 × 10-12m2/ s is less than design requirement 7 × 10-12m2/ s, meets related specification requirement.
6. passing through field test, single shell lining gunite concrete bending strength prepared by the present invention and remaining bending strength 28
Its intensity 4.8MPa, toughness index I5, I10, I20 are respectively 6,13,27, meet code requirement.
7. passing through field test, single shell lining gunite concrete 28d carbonization ability prepared by the present invention is strong, and Non-carbonized is deep
Degree, resistance to corrosion is strong, meets design requirement.
8. passing through field test, single shell lining gunite concrete 28d resisting erosion of sulfate ability prepared by the present invention is strong,
150 times circulation compression strength corrosion resistance index reaches 75%.
9. common gunite concrete is not required freeze proof.By field test, single shell lining injection prepared by the present invention
Concrete (freeze proof) durability factor DF (%) is 76, is more than or equal to design requirement 70, has better (freeze proof) durability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of preparation flow figure of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
A kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining, is made of: cement 980- the raw material of following parts by weight
1020 parts, sand 1804-1916 parts middle, 1203-1277 parts of rubble, 16.8-17.2 parts of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent
9.9-10.1 parts, 11.9-12.1 parts of polyolefine fiber, 396-404 parts of water, 79.2-80.8 parts of alkali-free quick-coagulant.Specific implementation
When, to obtain bulk density by stirring is 2250kg/m3Mix, then need to be added cement 500kg, middle sand 930kg, rubble
620kg, high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid 8.5kg, silicon ash agent 5kg, polyolefine fiber 6kg, water 200kg and alkali-free quick-coagulant
40kg.By above-mentioned weight fraction formed mixture have preferable mobility, mixer truck can be used and transported, then into
Row injection.The mix is suitable for the construction of shotcrete of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining.
Above-mentioned cement selection P.O52.5 ordinary portland cement, 350~400m of specific surface area2/ kg, C3A content is not small
In 5%.
Among the above sand must not employment mechanism sand, fineness modulus is between 2.6~3.0, and clay content is less than 2% in sand；Sand
Middle clod content is less than 1%.Sand in use can reduce the usage amount of sand in the case where guaranteeing the requirement of workability of concrete.
The grain composition of above-mentioned rubble is 5~10mm, and for clay content less than 1%, clod content is broken less than 0.5% in rubble
For flat-elongated particles content by mass less than 8%, the bulk density of rubble is greater than 1450kg/m in stone3.Use the company of 5~10mm
Continuous graded broken stone, can enhance the density of concrete.
Above-mentioned high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid selects polycarboxylic acid salt's high-performance water reducing agent, in 25 degrees Celsius of test temperature
When, water-reducing rate is greater than or equal to 25%, alkali content (Na2O+0.658K2O) less than 10%, Na2SO4Content is less than or equal to
10%, chloride ion content is less than 0.1%, density 1.1g/cm3.High performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid and suitable sand material use,
With high elastic modulus and lower shrinkage characteristic.Above-mentioned high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid is mixed, can reduce gunite concrete water ash
Than improving the workability of concrete；Early stage and the final period intensity that concrete can be improved, improve the durability of concrete；It can
Guarantee loss of slump, meets the production and transport time of live at least one hour.
The solid content of above-mentioned silicon ash agent is 25 ± 1.0%, and pH value is 9.5 ± 1.0, and viscosity (20 degrees Celsius) is less than
15mPas, alkali content is less than 0.2%, and chloride ion content is less than 0.1%.The present invention mixes liquid silicon ash agent, is effective against sulphur
Hydrochlorate and Chloride Attack improve the durability of concrete, improve the compression strength and impermeability of gunite concrete.Meanwhile silicon
Grey agent can improve the workability of concrete, and have preferably compatibility with cement, have early strength function.
Said polyolefins fiber selects pencil monofilament fiber type, and equivalent diameter 0.7mm, fibre length 48mm are fine
The tensile strength of dimension is 500~600MPa, and the elasticity modulus of fiber is 7.0GPa, and the fusing point of fiber is 130 degrees Celsius, fiber
Density is 0.91g/cm3.Suitable polyolefine fiber is mixed, the crack resistance of gunite concrete can be significantly improved, reduces crack
Quantity；The fusing point of polyolefine fiber is lower simultaneously, can play certain fireproofing function.Gunite concrete is compared to traditional coagulation
Soil eliminates reinforcing bar, and the durability that can be effectively improved concrete by adding polyolefine fiber also has gunite concrete
Higher toughness.Using polyolefine fiber, opposite steel fibre is easier to ensure that the workability of concrete.
Above-mentioned wet concentration drinking water, pH value is greater than 4.5, with CL in water-Count chloride and be less than 2000mg/L, in water with
SO4 2-It counts sulfate and is less than 2000mg/L.
Above-mentioned alkali-free quick-coagulant selects viscosity to be less than 1000mPa.S, and less without being layered, precipitating, with agglutination material and diminishing
The preferable alkali-free quick-coagulant of agent compatibility；The alkali-free quick-coagulant requires volume to be able to satisfy initial set≤3min less than 8%, and final set≤
10min, concrete 1d intensity are greater than 5MPa, and 28d strength retention is 90% or more；The alkali-free quick-coagulant is at 25 degrees Celsius
Under temperature environment, alkali content≤1%, for chloride ion content less than 0.1%, pH value is 2.5 ± 0.5.Mixing alkali-free quick-coagulant makes
Concrete has a faster setting time, early strength is improved and to 28 days final intensity effect very littles, in low temperature and other
Under adverse circumstances, property retention is good, while less dust can be generated during gunite concrete.
A kind of preparation method of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining is the raw material by the weight fraction according to certain
Sequence, which is added in forced stirrer, to be stirred, and requires stirring sufficiently to guarantee that fiber is uniformly dispersed in stirring, primary to stir
Amount is not more than the 80% of specified amount of agitation.
As shown in figure, the process flow of the preparation method of the hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining is:
Step 1: it is successively put into forced stirrer respectively by the sequence of rubble, middle sand, cement, polyolefine fiber, dry mixing
Material is mixed and stirred in formation in 30 seconds；High performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent are added to mix and stir together with water and are stirred in material, stirred
Time is 3.5~4.0 minutes.The fibrous shotcrete prepared through the step need to carry out the fibrous shotcrete slump,
Cohesiveness, water-retaining property, workability detect, and can be transported, be poured after various indexs qualification.
Step 2: by the concrete of preparation by ground concrete tank car, it is delivered to the feeder pipe in ground to tunnel, then
It is transported by tunnel inner concrete tank car to wet shot trolley in tunnel, alkali-free rapid hardening is then added at the nozzle of wet shot trolley
Agent carries out construction of shotcrete.Spray distance should be controlled in 1-1.5m, and spray angle is perpendicular to basal plane, and spiral spray.
Step 3: after gunite concrete completes, sprinkling maintenance is carried out when temperature is greater than 5 degrees Celsius.
In above-mentioned preparation method, compared to the prior art, extends the concrete mixing time, fiber can be made to stir evenly,
Do not generate conglomeration.When feeding intake, polyolefine fiber uses water soluble package, can direct plunge into stirring, site operation is more easy.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, modifications can be made through the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge.And those skilled in the art institute into
Capable modifications and changes do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be in the protection scope of appended claims of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining, which is characterized in that be made of the raw material of following parts by weight: water
980-1020 parts of mud, sand 1804-1916 parts middle, 1203-1277 parts of rubble, 16.8-17.2 parts of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon
Grey agent 9.9-10.1 parts, 11.9-12.1 parts of polyolefine fiber, 396-404 parts of water, 79.2-80.8 parts of alkali-free quick-coagulant.
2. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cement
Select P.O52.5 ordinary portland cement, 350 ~ 400 m of specific surface area2/ kg, C3A content are not less than 5%.
3. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the middle sand
Must not employment mechanism sand, fineness modulus is between 2.6 ~ 3.0, and clay content is less than 2% in sand；Clod content is less than 1% in sand.
4. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rubble
Grain composition be 5 ~ 10mm, clay content is less than 1% in rubble, and clod content is less than 0.5%, and flat-elongated particles content is pressed in rubble
For quality meter less than 8%, the bulk density of rubble is greater than 1450 kg/m3。
5. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poly- carboxylic
Sour high-performance water reducing agent selects polycarboxylic acid salt's high-performance water reducing agent, and in 25 degrees Celsius of test temperature, water-reducing rate is greater than
Or it is equal to 25%, alkali content (Na2O+0.658K2O) less than 10%, Na2SO4Content is less than or equal to 10%, and chloride ion content is less than
0.1%, density is 1.1 g/cm3。
6. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the silicon ash
The solid content of agent be 25 ± 1.0%, pH value be 9.5 ± 1.0, (20 degrees Celsius) of viscosity be less than 15mPas, alkali content less than 0.2%,
Chloride ion content is less than 0.1%.
7. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polyene
Hydrocarbon fiber selects pencil monofilament fiber type, equivalent diameter 0.7mm, fibre length 48mm, and the tensile strength of fiber is 500
~ 600MPa, the elasticity modulus of fiber are 7.0MPa, and the fusing point of fiber is 130 degrees Celsius, and the density of fiber is 0.91g/cm3。
8. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the wet concentration
With drinking water, pH value is greater than 4.5, with CL in water-It counts chloride and is less than 2000mg/L, with SO in water4 2-Meter sulfate is less than
2000 mg/L。
9. a kind of material of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the alkali-free
Accelerator selects viscosity to be less than 1000mPa.S, and less without being layered, precipitating, with agglutination material and the preferable nothing of water reducer compatibility
Alkali accelerator；The alkali-free quick-coagulant requires volume to be able to satisfy initial set≤3min less than 8%, final set≤10min, and concrete 1d is strong
Degree is greater than 5MPa, and 28d strength retention is 90% or more；Under 25 degrees Celsius of temperature environment, alkali contains the alkali-free quick-coagulant
Amount≤1%, for chloride ion content less than 0.1%, pH value is 2.5 ± 0.5.
10. a kind of preparation method of hard rock tunnel water proof type single shell lining according to claim 1, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: the raw material of the weight fraction is added in forced stirrer, it is desirable that stirring sufficiently, guarantees that fiber dispersion is equal
Even, one time amount of agitation is not more than the 80% of specified amount of agitation；First by the sequence of rubble, middle sand, cement, polyolefine fiber when feeding intake
It successively puts into forced stirrer respectively, is formed within dry mixing 30 seconds and mix and stir material, then by high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, silicon ash agent and water
It is added to mix and stir together and be stirred in material, mixing time is 3.5 ~ 4.0 minutes;
Step 2: by a kind of concrete prepared of the step by ground concrete tank car, it is delivered to feed opening, is then passed through
Tunnel inner concrete tank car is transported to wet shot trolley in tunnel, then adds alkali-free quick-coagulant as claimed in claim 9 in wet shot
At trolley nozzle, construction of shotcrete is carried out;
Step 3: after gunite concrete completes, sprinkling maintenance is carried out when temperature is greater than 5 degrees Celsius.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111393113A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-10 | 南通航宇结构件有限公司 | Concrete for prefabricated tunnel lining segment and preparation method thereof |
| CN113445552A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-09-28 | 中建八局广西建设有限公司 | Construction method for spraying concrete between fender piles and using concrete as waterproof base surface |
| CN114644485A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-21 | 四川苏博特新材料有限公司 | Tunnel shotcrete with high sulfate corrosion resistance and construction method thereof |
| CN115159914A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-10-11 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Waterproof sprayed concrete for underground large-span chamber and construction method |
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