CN109625154A - A kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures - Google Patents
A kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN109625154A CN109625154A CN201811502513.7A CN201811502513A CN109625154A CN 109625154 A CN109625154 A CN 109625154A CN 201811502513 A CN201811502513 A CN 201811502513A CN 109625154 A CN109625154 A CN 109625154A
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- microcavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
- B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
- B63B1/36—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using mechanical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, the drag reduction structures by matrix and matrix surface microcavity array structure composition, the micro-cavity structure is the big miniature cavities of the small internal cavity of surface opening, the micro-cavity structure feather crotch array arrangement, adjacent miniature cavities interval top has mushroom-shaped structure, the micro-cavity structure and mushroom-shaped structure cannot be introduced into the water of body structure surface in miniature cavities due to the inhibition of air in miniature cavities and surface tension of liquid effect, the mushroom cap top of mushroom-shaped structure is equipped with dotted pit, the secondary drag reduction structures that band-like groove or texture structure are constituted；The hydrophobic performance of hull is greatly improved using the shell of this bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, it is substantially reduced ship resistance, and can effectively enhance the cushion performance of hull, the stationarity of hull navigation is further increased, the development of China's shipbuilding industry and ocean shipping industry can be greatly pushed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solid-liquid contact fluid drag-reduction fields, are related to a kind of drag reduction structures, and in particular to a kind of bionical microcavity
Drag reduction structures, for can effectively reduce ship running resistance after hull surface.
Background technique
Ship, the general name of various ships is a kind of mainly in the man made transportation tools of waters operation, is wanted by different uses
It asks and there is different technical performances, equipment and structural shape.
Ship is made of mass part, by the effect and purposes of each section, can be integrated and is summarized as hull, ship power
The three parts such as device, ship's equipment.Hull is the essential part of ship, can be divided into main part and superstructure part.It is main
Body portion refers generally to upper deck part below, it is surrounded by shell (hull bottom and shipboard) and upper deck with specific shape
Hollow body, be guarantee ship have required Hull Strength, buoyancy and navigation performance key component.
According to statistics, the 80% of volume of world trade is by seaborne, and China is traditional big trading nation, accounts for the world
The 13% of total volume of trade, wherein 90% trade is by seaborne.Due to ship resistance, consume every year a large amount of
The energy, and greenhouse gas emission is increased, adverse effect is produced to energy economy & environment.
Currently, hull bottom generally uses sharp bottom, is also V-Bottom in order to reduce resistance to water-flow, although, the sharp bear building-up of monoblock type
Structure can reduce resistance to water-flow, improve the route speed of ship running, but ship resistance is still larger at present.Simultaneously because
By lateral stormy waves, the cruising characteristic of ship is also heavily affected.Therefore, navigation can be substantially reduced by how providing one kind
Resistance to water-flow can maintain hull in the Ship Structure of horizontal traveling state stability again, it has also become those skilled in the art urgently solve
Certainly the problem of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures for reducing ship resistance.
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures are provided, can be used for
Manufacture reduces the bionical microcavity shell of ship resistance.After hull surface constructs this bionical micro-cavity structure, on the one hand due to
The hollow cavity area of microcavity feather type array is far longer than cavity wall top end surface area, when contact liq, promote liquid with
The real contact area of hull surface greatly reduces, and the hydrophobicity of shell significantly improves, on the other hand, the mushroom-shaped knot of cavity top end
The design of structure has further consolidated the hydrophobic performance of shell.
In order to realize the above functions, it is as follows to provide technical solution by the present invention:
A kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, it is characterised in that: the drag reduction structures by matrix and matrix surface microcavity array
Structure composition, the micro-cavity structure of composition microcavity array structure is the big miniature cavities of the small internal cavity of surface opening, described miniature
The arrangement of cavity feather crotch array, adjacent miniature cavities interval top forms mushroom-shaped structure, the microcavity array structure and mushroom
Mushroom type structure makes the water of body structure surface can not be into due to the inhibition of air in miniature cavities and surface tension of liquid effect
Enter in miniature cavities.
As an improvement, the surface opening shape of the miniature cavities is in round, oval, polygon and irregular shape
One or more combinations；The miniature cavities internal cavity shape is cylinder, cylindroid, polygon column, irregular shape column, circle
One of platform, halfpace or spherical round pool or multiple combinations；The effective diameter of the miniature cavities surface opening and bottom end bore
It is 100~1000 microns.
As an improvement, the miniature cavities inner surface can be one of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and super-hydrophobic or multiple combinations.
As an improvement, the equivalent axis of the miniature cavities is in any one in circular arc, curve, irregular broken line and straight line
Kind or multiple combinations, equivalent axis are flowed to body structure surface fluid in 0~90 ° of range in the extension Trendline that housing surface is open
Interior unspecified angle.
As an improvement, the miniature cavities are arranged in matrix surface feather crotch array, miniature cavities and pinna rachis top side
It is acute angle or right angle to angle；The arrangement mode of miniature cavities can be to be aligned proper alignment in length and breadth, be arranged in a crisscross and do not advise
Then one of arrangement or several combinations.
As an improvement, the mushroom cap lateral length of the mushroom-shaped structure is 3~20 microns, with a thickness of 1~10 micron；Mushroom
The length of mushroom type structure both ends flap is 1~8 micron, with a thickness of 100~1500 nanometers.
As an improvement, the mushroom cap top of the mushroom-shaped structure is equipped with secondary drag reduction structures, the secondary drag reduction structures
For one or more combination in the size dotted pit smaller than miniature cavities, band-like groove and texture structure.
As an improvement, the depth of the dotted pit is 0.5~1.0 micron, shape can be round, oval, polygon
One of shape and irregular shape or multiple combinations；The width of band-like groove is 0.5~1.5 micron, and depth is 0.5~1.0 micro-
Rice, groove direction are to be parallel to surface water (flow) direction；Texture structure is criss-cross latticed texture structure, can be straight
Any one of line style, shaped form or random stripe shape.
As an improvement, the bionical microcavity drag reduction structures can be used for ship outer casing, in shell water line bionical microcavity below
Drag reduction structures present be uniformly distributed or with depth increase, the bionical microcavity drag reduction structures density on unit area increases,
Size reduces；Porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line is 40%~85%.
As an improvement, the drag reduction structures and secondary drag reduction structures preparation can pass through photoetching, increasing material manufacturing, die methods or electricity
One or more method combinations are in beamlet etching to realize.
The invention has the benefit that
Bionical microcavity drag reduction structures of the invention, can be used for constructing bionical microcavity on the following all surface of shell water line and subtract
Structure is hindered, bionical microcavity feather crotch array arrangement, miniature cavities top is mushroom-shaped structure, and mushroom-shaped apex structure table
Make hull in contacting with water flow with dotted pit, band-like groove or texture secondary drag reduction structures, these structures on face
Play the role of hydrophobic and buffering, effectively reduce ship resistance, improve hull route speed and stationarity, reduces energy consumption,
The requirement for meeting environmental protection and energy-saving and emission-reduction has significant economy and environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is cross-sectional view in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the integrally-built schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the integrally-built schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 5 is that the equivalent axis of miniature cavities cavity of the present invention and equivalent axis extend Trendline schematic diagram.
Appended drawing reference: 1- miniature cavities, the mushroom-shaped structure of 2-, 3- flap, the dotted pit of 4-, 5- texture structure, 6- are band-like
Groove, the equivalent axis of 7-, the equivalent axis of 8- extend Trendline, 9- matrix surface.
Specific embodiment
The invention patent is described further with attached drawing combined with specific embodiments below.
A kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, the drag reduction structures are by matrix and set on multiple micro-cavity structure groups of matrix surface
At the micro-cavity structure is the big miniature cavities 1 of the small inner section of surface opening, and the micro-cavity structure is in feather in matrix surface
Type array distribution, adjacent miniature cavities 1 cavity wall spaced apart form mushroom-shaped structure 2, the miniature cavities 1 and mushroom-shaped knot
Structure 2 make the water of matrix surface due in miniature cavities the inhibition of air and surface tension effects cannot be introduced into miniature cavities
In 1；The mushroom cap top of the mushroom-shaped structure 2 is equipped with secondary drag reduction structures, and the secondary drag reduction structures are size than miniature
One or more combination in the small dotted pit 4 of cavity 1, band-like groove 5 and texture structure 6.
The surface opening shape of the miniature cavities 1 can be one of round, ellipse, polygon and irregular shape
Or multiple combinations；The internal cavity shape of the miniature cavities 1 can cylinder, cylindroid, polygon column, irregular shape column, rotary table,
One of halfpace or spherical round pool or multiple combinations；The miniature cavities 1 and pinna rachis top orientation can be acute angle or right angle；It is micro-
The arrangement mode of 1 body of cavity can for be aligned in length and breadth one of proper alignment, crisscross arrangement and irregular alignment or
Several combinations.The equivalent axis of the miniature cavities 1 is equivalent in any one in circular arc, curve, irregular broken line, straight line
Axis is in the extension Trendline that housing surface is open and body structure surface fluid flow direction in the unspecified angle within the scope of 0~90 °.
The effective diameter of 1 surface opening of miniature cavities and bottom end bore is 100~1000 microns, the mushroom-shaped knot
The mushroom cap lateral length of structure 2 is 3~20 microns, with a thickness of 1~10 micron；The length of mushroom-shaped 2 both ends flap 3 of structure is 1
~8 microns, with a thickness of 100~1500 nanometers；For the secondary drag reduction structures, the depth of dotted pit 4 is 0.5~1.0
Micron, shape can be one of round, ellipse, polygon and irregular shape or multiple combinations；The width of band-like groove 5
It is 0.5~1.5 micron, depth is 0.5~1.0 micron, and groove direction is to be parallel to matrix surface water (flow) direction.
For the secondary drag reduction structures, the texture structure 6 is criss-cross latticed texture structure, can be
Any one of linear type, shaped form or random stripe shape.
1 inner surface of miniature cavities can be one of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and super-hydrophobic or multiple combinations.
The drag reduction structures and secondary drag reduction structures preparation can pass through photoetching, increasing material manufacturing, die methods or electron beam lithography
In the combination of one or more methods to realize.
The bionical microcavity drag reduction structures can be used for ship outer casing, be in shell water line bionical microcavity drag reduction structures below
Now be uniformly distributed or with depth increase, the bionical microcavity drag reduction structures density on unit area increases, and size reduces；Its
Porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line is 40%~85%.This bionical microcavity drag reduction knot is constructed in hull surface
After structure, on the one hand since the hollow cavity area of microcavity array is far longer than cavity wall top end surface area, when contact liq, promote
Greatly reduce liquid and the real contact area on shell (matrix) surface, the hydrophobicity of shell significantly improves；On the other hand by
In cavity wall tip designs at mushroom-shaped structure 2, liquid can touch the bottom of mushroom-shaped 2 both ends flap 3 of structure, promote herein
The component of the surface tension of liquid in vertical direction is larger, this component is suspended on bionical microcavity cavity support liquid and rises
Key effect is arrived.Based on this, this bionical microcavity drag reduction structures is applied to hull surface, utilizes the special knot of microcavity cavity
Structure to possess air in cavity while liquid being promoted to have biggish surface tension point in mushroom-shaped 2 vertical direction of structure
The synergistic effect of power, the two prevents liquid from entering miniature cavities, effectively reduces ship resistance, improves the horizontal travel condition of hull
Stability.
Below it is specific three kinds of embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
Refering to attached drawing 1 and Fig. 2, which is used to manufacture the shell using bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, and selection increases material system
The method made constructs bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, and the miniature cavities 1 are arranged in matrix surface feather crotch array, select micro-
The shape of cavity 1 is positive triangular column, and 1 upper and lower side bore shape of miniature cavities is equilateral triangle, equilateral triangle it is effective straight
Diameter is 300 microns.The lateral length on mushroom-shaped 2 mushroom cap top of structure is 12 microns, with a thickness of 2 microns, 2 liang of mushroom-shaped structure
Holding 3 length of flap is 2 microns, and for flap 3 with a thickness of 400 nanometers, chamber axis is linear type, miniature cavities and pinna rachis top orientation
Angle is 60 °, and the arrangement mode of miniature cavities is to be aligned proper alignment in length and breadth, and equivalent axis becomes in the extension that housing surface is open
Gesture line and body structure surface fluid flow direction are in 90 °, and porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line is 40%.It selects bionical
Secondary drag reduction structures on the mushroom-shaped apex structure surface of microcavity are dotted pit 4, and the shape of dotted pit 4 is circle, arrangement
Mode is random arrangement, and pit depth is 0.5 micron.
Wetability test is carried out to bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures and plane hull construction with contact angle measurement.
Bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures: static contact angle is 149 °, and roll angle is 10 °.
Plane hull construction: static contact angle is 125 °, and roll angle is 40 °.
Plane shell knot is significantly greater than using the hull surface static contact angle of the bionical microcavity drag reduction structures of the embodiment
Structure, roll angle are then far smaller than plane hull construction, illustrate that liquid is more difficult to soak bionical microcavity hull construction, and in the knot
Viscous force very little on structure, it is easier to be rolled down from the shell using bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, show super-hydrophobicity
Can, this experiments have shown that, which can play the role of drag reduction by hydrophobic coating in ship traveling process.
Embodiment 2:
Refering to attached drawing 3, which is used to manufacture the shell using bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, selects mould printing art
Method constructs bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures, and the miniature cavities 1 are uniformly arranged in matrix surface, select the shape of cavity
For regular quadrangle column, cavity upper and lower side bore shape is regular quadrangle, and the effective diameter of regular quadrangle is 200 microns.Cavity top
The lateral length for holding mushroom-shaped structure 2 is 11 microns, and with a thickness of 1.5 microns, the length of mushroom-shaped 2 both ends flap 3 of structure is 2.5
Micron, flap 3 is with a thickness of 450 nanometers, and chamber axis is linear type, and miniature cavities and pinna rachis top orientation angle are 90 °, miniature
The arrangement mode of cavity is to be aligned proper alignment in length and breadth, the extension Trendline and body structure surface that equivalent axis is open in housing surface
Fluid flow direction is in 90 °, and porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line is 60%.Select the mushroom-shaped top of bionical microcavity
The secondary drag reduction structures on surface are texture structure 5, and texture structure 5 is criss-cross rectilinear grid shape.
Wetability test is carried out to bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures and plane hull construction with contact angle measurement.
Bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures: static contact angle is 150 °, and roll angle is 5 °.
Plane hull construction: static contact angle is 125 °, and roll angle is 40 °.
The static contact angle of bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures is significantly greater than plane hull construction, and roll angle is then much
Less than plane hull construction, illustrate that liquid is more difficult to soak bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures, and viscous force on this structure
Very little, it is easier to be rolled down from bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures, show ultra-hydrophobicity, this experiments have shown that, it is bionical
Microcavity shell drag reduction structures can play the role of drag reduction by hydrophobic coating in ship traveling process.
Embodiment 3:
Refering to attached drawing 4, which is used to manufacture the shell using bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, and the method for selecting laser is come
Bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures are constructed, the miniature cavities 1 are arranged in matrix surface feather crotch array, select the shape of cavity
Shape is regular quadrangle column, and cavity upper and lower side bore shape is regular quadrangle, and the effective diameter of regular quadrangle is 250 microns.Cavity
The lateral length of the mushroom-shaped structure 2 in top is 13 microns, and with a thickness of 3 microns, the length of mushroom-shaped 2 both ends flap 3 of structure is 3 micro-
Rice, flap 3 is with a thickness of 500 nanometers, and chamber axis is linear type, and miniature cavities and pinna rachis top orientation angle are 45 °, microlaser cavity
The arrangement mode of body is to be aligned proper alignment in length and breadth, the extension Trendline and body structure surface stream that equivalent axis be open in housing surface
Body flow direction is in 90 °, and porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line is 80%.Select the mushroom-shaped top table of bionical microcavity
Secondary drag reduction structures on face are band-like groove 6, and groove width is 1 micron, and depth is 0.5 micron.
Wetability test is carried out to bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures and plane hull construction with contact angle measurement.
Bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures: static contact angle is 153 °, and roll angle is 5 °.
Plane hull construction: static contact angle is 125 °, and roll angle is 40 °.
The static contact angle of bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures is significantly greater than plane hull construction, and roll angle is then much
Less than plane hull construction, illustrate that liquid is more difficult to soak bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures, and viscous force on this structure
Very little, it is easier to be rolled down from bionical microcavity shell drag reduction structures, show ultra-hydrophobicity, this experiments have shown that, it is bionical
Microcavity shell drag reduction structures can play the role of drag reduction by hydrophobic coating in ship traveling process.
In addition bionical microcavity drag reduction structures of the invention can also be used in the other surfaces that manufacture has super hydrophobic functional demand
Structure, such as bionical swimsuit, waterproof layer etc..
Part that the present invention does not relate to is same as the prior art or is realized using the prior art.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalents made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content are applied directly or indirectly in correlative technology field, are similarly included in
In scope of patent protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bionical microcavity drag reduction structures, it is characterised in that: the drag reduction structures by matrix and matrix surface microcavity array knot
Structure composition, the micro-cavity structure of composition microcavity array structure are the big miniature cavities of the small internal cavity of surface opening, the microlaser cavity
The arrangement of body structure feather crotch array, adjacent miniature cavities interval top form mushroom-shaped structure, the microcavity array structure and
Mushroom-shaped structure makes the water of body structure surface can not due to the inhibition of air in miniature cavities and surface tension of liquid effect
Into in miniature cavities.
2. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the surface opening shape of the miniature cavities
For one of round, ellipse, polygon and irregular shape or multiple combinations；The miniature cavities internal cavity shape is
One of cylinder, cylindroid, polygon column, irregular shape column, rotary table, halfpace or spherical round pool or multiple combinations；It is described micro-
The effective diameter of cavity surface opening and bottom end bore is 100~1000 microns.
3. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the miniature cavities inner surface can be parent
Water, hydrophobic and one of super-hydrophobic or multiple combinations.
4. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the equivalent axis of the miniature cavities is in circle
Any one or more combination in arc, curve, irregular broken line and straight line, equivalent axis become in the extension that housing surface is open
Gesture line and body structure surface fluid flow direction are in the unspecified angle within the scope of 0~90 °.
5. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the miniature cavities are in plumage in matrix surface
The arrangement of wool type array, miniature cavities and pinna rachis top orientation angle are acute angle or right angle；The arrangement mode of miniature cavities can be vertical
One of horizontal alignment proper alignment, crisscross arrangement and irregular alignment or several combinations.
6. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mushroom cap of the mushroom-shaped structure is lateral
Length is 3~20 microns, with a thickness of 1~10 micron；The length of mushroom-shaped structure both ends flap is 1~8 micron, with a thickness of 100
~1500 nanometers.
7. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mushroom cap top of the mushroom-shaped structure
Equipped with secondary drag reduction structures, the secondary drag reduction structures are size dotted pit, band-like groove and the texture smaller than miniature cavities
One or more combination in structure.
8. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: the depth of the dotted pit is 0.5~
1.0 microns, shape can be one of round, ellipse, polygon and irregular shape or multiple combinations；The width of band-like groove
Degree is 0.5~1.5 micron, and depth is 0.5~1.0 micron, and groove direction is to be parallel to surface water (flow) direction；Texture structure is
Criss-cross latticed texture structure can be any one of linear type, shaped form or random stripe shape.
9. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bionical microcavity drag reduction structures can be used for ship
Body case, shell water line bionical microcavity drag reduction structures below present be uniformly distributed or with depth increase, unit
Bionical microcavity drag reduction structures density on area increases, and size reduces；Porosity of the microcavity lumen pore on the following shell of water line
It is 40%~85%.
10. bionical microcavity drag reduction structures as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the drag reduction structures and secondary drag reduction knot
Structure is standby can be combined by methods one or more in photoetching, increasing material manufacturing, die methods or electron beam lithography to realize.
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| WO2020178431A1 (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-10 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Surface protection against cavitation erosion |
| CN112552793A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Bionic drag reduction coating for large-scale spinning body and preparation method thereof |
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| GB2602354A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-29 | Thales Holdings Uk Plc | A barrier component and a method of manufacturing a barrier component |
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| CN113200119A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-08-03 | 武汉大学 | Drag reduction surface structure of underwater vehicle shell |
| CN113200119B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉大学 | Drag reduction surface structure of underwater vehicle shell |
| CN113399231A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 西南交通大学 | Bionic structured staggered sliding antifriction and wear-resistant surface and preparation method thereof |
| CN114715328A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Surface drag reduction structure material |
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