CN109623298B - Washing machine shaft and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Washing machine shaft and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109623298B CN109623298B CN201811637242.6A CN201811637242A CN109623298B CN 109623298 B CN109623298 B CN 109623298B CN 201811637242 A CN201811637242 A CN 201811637242A CN 109623298 B CN109623298 B CN 109623298B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
- D06F37/30—Driving arrangements
- D06F37/40—Driving arrangements for driving the receptacle and an agitator or impeller, e.g. alternatively
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a washing machine shaft and a processing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of shaft processing. The method comprises the steps of processing a bar by a cold extrusion process to form a stepped shaft, milling and drilling the processed stepped shaft, milling two end faces, chamfering and drilling a central hole so as to clamp the stepped shaft by a double-tip tool method. The invention can improve the processing precision by unifying the positioning reference, in addition, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the operation is simple and convenient, the processing quality is stable, and the batch production is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shaft processing, and particularly relates to a washing machine shaft and a processing method thereof.
Background
The shaft of the washing machine is an important part for supporting the drum, transmitting power and completing the washing function, has the characteristics of high-speed rotation and torque transmission when working, has severe working environment, generally contains water vapor and dust, and in addition, not only rotates forwards and backwards and bears alternating torque, but also ensures the rotation precision so as to reduce noise and reach the required fatigue limit. Therefore, the requirements on the dimensional accuracy and the geometric accuracy of the parts are high. There are many documents on the shaft of a washing machine, such as: the Chinese patent numbers are: 201320752922.9, publication date is: chinese patent document 6/25/2014 discloses a pulsator shaft for washing machines, which comprises a plastic shaft body and a metal bushing arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the plastic shaft body; the plastic shaft body is modified plastic or composite plastic; the metal bush comprises a first metal bush, a second metal bush and a third metal bush, the first metal bush is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the shaft body contacted with the impeller head, the second metal bush is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the shaft body contacted with the water seal, and the third metal bush is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the shaft body contacted with the oil-containing bearing. For another example: chinese patent No. 201220193741.2, chinese patent document having publication date of 2013, 3, month and 13, discloses a pulsator shaft for washing machines, which comprises a shaft body, wherein strip-shaped teeth are formed at the upper and lower ends of the shaft body, a boss is formed at the middle section of the shaft body, an internal threaded hole is formed at the upper end of the shaft body, and a tool withdrawal groove is formed at the lower part of the strip-shaped teeth at the upper end of the shaft body.
The key parts of the shaft of the washing machine are provided with a bearing position and a sealing position, the bearing position is matched with a rolling bearing to realize the support with an outer drum, and the processing precision and the surface quality of the bearing position seriously influence the service life of the bearing; the sealing position is matched with the sealing ring, so that the washing liquid is prevented from leaking and blocking moisture and dust, the surface roughness of the sealing position determines the sealing performance, the key positions determine the quality of the washing machine shaft, and further the quality of the whole washing machine product is influenced. The existing process scheme for processing the shaft of the washing machine comprises the steps of blanking, rough turning, semi-finish turning, thread rolling, milling flat, knurling and grinding, and the scheme has some defects: during machining, a shaft to be machined is clamped in a chuck-tip mode, so that the shaft is clamped manually and is inconvenient for workers to operate; on the other hand, because the rough turning precision is very low, the surface roughness of the rough-turned semi-finished shaft and the coaxiality of all parts are relatively low, and the technical problem that the positioning reference is not uniform exists when subsequent semi-finish turning and finish turning are carried out, and the error of the rough-turned semi-finished shaft is very large, so that the influence on the processing precision of a large number of washing machine shafts is great; in addition, grinding the two bearing positions and the sealing position to Ra0.6 requires longer time, and the processing efficiency is not high; the rough turning process is used, and when the stepped shaft section is machined, the turning amount is large, and time and material are wasted. It should be noted that, because the washing machine shaft is supported by the matching of the bearing position and the rolling bearing, in order to ensure the run-out precision during high-speed rotation and improve the service life of the whole washing machine, the strength requirements of the bearing position and the sealing position on the washing machine shaft need to be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of low processing precision, low production efficiency, time and material waste in turning and unstable production quality caused by unstable strengthening process of a washing machine shaft due to non-uniform positioning reference in the prior art, the invention provides the washing machine shaft and the processing method thereof, which improve the processing precision, reduce the production cost, improve the production efficiency and greatly save raw materials by uniformly positioning the reference; the operation is simple and convenient, the processing quality is stable, and the batch production is convenient.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for machining the axle of washing machine includes such steps as cold extruding to obtain bar material, milling the machined stepped axle, milling two end faces, chamfering and drilling central hole to clamp the stepped axle by dual-tip method.
Preferably, the processing method comprises the following steps:
blanking: selecting 45 steel bars according to the diameter size, and sawing the bars according to the length requirement;
(II) grinding: the sawed bars fall into a feeding frame of a belt grinding machine, automatic feeding is carried out, the bars are distributed on a chain wheel, and coarse grinding and fine grinding processes are sequentially carried out;
(III) dip coating: spraying a bar stock by using a hot water pipe, preheating the bar stock, putting the bar stock into a cold extrusion lubricant dip coating tank for soaking, taking out, and naturally drying;
(VI) forming: and (3) forming the bar coated with the cold extrusion lubricant, wherein the bar is processed by adopting a cold extrusion process to form a stepped shaft, the stepped shaft after being milled and drilled is milled, two end surfaces and chamfers are milled, a central hole is drilled, the stepped shaft is clamped by adopting a double-tip tooling method, and subsequent forming procedures are carried out until the washing machine shaft meeting the requirement of dimensional precision is obtained.
Preferably, the total grinding depth in the step (II) is 0.1-0.15 mm, during coarse grinding, the linear speed of a grinding belt is 14-16 m/s, the linear speed of a fine grinding belt is 24-26 m/s, and the feeding speed of a workpiece is 1-4 m/min.
Preferably, when the bar stock is preheated in the step (III), the temperature of the bar stock is between 65 and 75 ℃; the soaking time of the bar stock in the dip coating groove is 12-18 s.
Preferably, the forming method in the step (vi) specifically includes:
a. cold extrusion: using a hydraulic press, putting the bar coated with the cold extrusion lubricant into a die cavity, cold extruding the bar to form a stepped shaft, and cooling the stepped shaft in a natural state;
b. milling and drilling the cold-extruded stepped shaft, wherein the two ends of the stepped shaft are respectively a left end surface and a right end surface, milling the left end surface and the right end surface, milling a chamfer at the edge of the left end surface, then respectively drilling a left central hole and a right central hole on the left end surface and the right end surface to obtain a milling and drilling semi-finished shaft, and clamping the two ends of the milling and drilling semi-finished shaft by adopting a double-tip tooling method;
c. semi-finish turning: semi-finish turning processing milling and drilling semi-finished shaft to form the semi-finish turning finished shaft with washing machine shaft contour and no oxidation black skin;
d. finish turning: the finish turning is handled half finish turning finished shaft, makes its shaping become the finish turning finished shaft that satisfies washing machine axle dimensional requirement, has on the side of finish turning finished shaft: the device comprises a small end, a large end, a transmission excircle, a first bearing position, a second bearing position and a sealing position;
e. thread rolling: rolling threads at the small end of the finish-turned finished shaft by using an automatic thread rolling machine;
f. plane milling: milling two corresponding planes at the transmission excircle on the finish turning finished shaft;
g. rolling: rolling straight knurling at the large end of the finish-turned finished shaft;
h. mirror surface rolling: and carrying out mirror surface rolling on the first bearing position, the second bearing position and the sealing position on the finish-turning finished product shaft to form the washing machine shaft meeting the requirement of dimensional precision.
Preferably, after finish turning, the surface roughness of the first bearing position and the second bearing position on the finished shaft reaches Ra1.8, and the surface roughness of the sealing position reaches Ra1.8.
Preferably, after mirror rolling, the surface roughness of the first bearing position and the second bearing position on the washing machine shaft reaches Ra0.6, and the surface roughness of the sealing position reaches Ra1.6.
Preferably, the cold extrusion is a positive extrusion.
Preferably, the cold extrusion process is used for extruding and forming the bar stock into the double-step stepped shaft in one step.
A washing machine shaft is manufactured by adopting the processing method.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the processing method of the washing machine shaft uses the cold extrusion process to process so as to form the stepped shaft, and double steps are extruded at one time, so that raw materials are greatly saved, about one kilogram of material is saved for each shaft on average, the cost of the raw materials is reduced, meanwhile, the structure of a metal material is improved through extrusion deformation, the mechanical property of the metal material is improved, the size precision of extrusion forming is high, the rough turning procedure is omitted during subsequent turning processing, and the production and manufacturing cost is reduced;
(2) the processing method of the washing machine shaft uses the cold extrusion lubricant to replace the traditional phosphorus saponification process, thereby reducing pollution and production cost;
(3) according to the processing method of the washing machine shaft, the ground bar is directly heated, so that heat loss is reduced, and energy is saved;
(4) according to the processing method of the washing machine shaft, the procedures of semi-finish turning, milling flat and mirror surface rolling adopt a double-tip tooling method, so that the operation, switching and batch production of workers are facilitated, and the clamping efficiency is improved by more than 3 times;
(5) the processing method of the washing machine shaft has high processing efficiency and good quality, adopts the mirror rolling technology to replace the traditional grinding technology, improves the processing efficiency by more than 50 percent, greatly improves the smoothness of the shaft, and is beneficial to the assembly stability of the bearing and the prolonging of the service life of the sealing position.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a semi-finished part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a milling and drilling semi-finished part of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing of a semi-finished part of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a finish turned finished part of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a shaft part view of the washing machine of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a stepped shaft; 200. milling and drilling a semi-finished shaft; 300. semi-finish turning a finished shaft; 400. finish turning a finished shaft; 500. a washing machine shaft;
1. a left end face; 2. a right end face; 3. chamfering; 4. a left central aperture; 5. a right central aperture; 6. a small end; 7. at the large end; 8. driving the excircle; 9. a plane; 10. knurling the straight lines; 11. a first bearing position; 12. a second bearing position; 13. sealing the position; 14. and (4) threading.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
A washing machine shaft 500 is provided with a big end 7, a sealing position 13, a second bearing position 12, a transition section, a first bearing position 11, a transmission excircle 8 and a small end 6 from left to right on the side surface of the shaft in sequence, wherein a straight knurling 10 is rolled on the outer surface of the big end 7, a thread is rolled on the outer surface of the small end 6, and two corresponding planes 9 are milled at the position of the transmission excircle 8. During assembly, the washing machine shaft 500 is supported by matching of the bearing position and the rolling bearing, the sealing position is matched with the sealing ring, the washing liquid is guaranteed not to leak, moisture and dust are blocked, the strength requirements of the bearing position and the sealing position on the washing machine shaft 500 are required to be guaranteed in order to guarantee the jumping precision during high-speed rotation and prolong the service life of the whole washing machine, and the method of the prior art is to perform high-frequency quenching on the surface to guarantee the hardness index, the treatment is surface heat treatment, the stability of mass production quality is guaranteed to have great difficulty, and the strengthening process is unstable.
In order to solve the defect that the strengthening process of the existing washing machine shaft 500 is unstable, the embodiment provides a processing method of the washing machine shaft 500, a cold extrusion process is adopted to process a bar material to form the stepped shaft 100, the bar material is formed into the stepped shaft 100 through the cold extrusion process, the size precision of extrusion forming is high, the rough turning process is omitted during subsequent turning processing, the production and manufacturing cost is reduced, in addition, the extrusion deformation improves the tissue of the bar material, reasonable fiber streamline distribution is formed inside parts, the strength of the bar material is improved, the washing machine shaft 500 needs to rotate forwards and backwards and needs to rotate quickly and slowly when in work, the service life of the washing machine shaft 500 is influenced by the need to bear large alternating torque, the improvement of the strength of the bar material can enhance the capacity of the washing machine shaft 500 to bear the alternating torque, the service life of the washing machine shaft 500 is favorably prolonged, and the washing machine shaft, the problem that the strengthening process of the shaft 500 of the existing washing machine is unstable is solved; after the cold extrusion process, the milled and drilled stepped shaft 100 is milled, and two end faces, a chamfer and a central hole are formed, so that the stepped shaft 100 is clamped by a double-tip tool method. Semi-finish turning, mill flat and mirror surface roll extrusion process all adopt two apex frock methods, and the staff's operation of being convenient for, switching, batch production, clamping efficiency promote more than 3 times, in addition, also accord with the basis coincidence in the processing technology, the unified principle of benchmark, improve product quality and stability, overcome the not high technical problem of machining precision because the location benchmark is non-unified.
The processing method specifically comprises the following steps:
blanking: selecting 45 steel bars according to the diameter size, and sawing the bars according to the length requirement;
(II) grinding: the sawed bars fall into a feeding frame of an abrasive belt grinding machine, automatic feeding is carried out, the bars are distributed on a chain wheel, and coarse grinding and fine grinding are sequentially carried out, wherein the total grinding depth is 0.1-0.15 mm, the abrasive belt linear speed during coarse grinding is 14-16 m/s, the abrasive belt linear speed during fine grinding is 24-26 m/s, and the workpiece feeding speed is 1-4 m/min;
(III) dip coating: feeding the ground bar stock onto a V-shaped frame along with a chain wheel, spraying the bar stock by using a hot water pipe, and preheating the bar stock to enable the temperature of the bar stock to be 65-75 ℃; directly dropping the bar stock on the V-shaped frame into a cold extrusion lubricant dip coating tank for soaking for 12-18 s, then taking out, and naturally drying;
(VI) forming: and (3) performing forming processing on the bar coated with the cold extrusion lubricant, wherein the bar is processed by adopting a cold extrusion process to form the stepped shaft 100, the stepped shaft 100 after milling and drilling processing is performed, two end surfaces and chamfers are milled, a central hole is drilled, the stepped shaft 100 is clamped by adopting a double-tip tooling method, and subsequent forming procedures are performed until the washing machine shaft 500 meeting the requirement of dimensional precision is obtained.
The forming method in the step (VI) is specifically as follows:
a. cold extrusion: using a hydraulic press, putting the bar coated with the cold extrusion lubricant into a die cavity, cold extruding the bar to form a stepped shaft 100, and cooling the stepped shaft in a natural state as shown in fig. 1;
b. milling and drilling the cold-extruded stepped shaft 100, wherein the two ends of the stepped shaft 100 are respectively a left end surface 1 and a right end surface 2, milling the left end surface 1 and the right end surface 2, milling a chamfer 3 at the edge of the left end surface 1, and then respectively drilling a left central hole 4 and a right central hole 5 on the left end surface 1 and the right end surface 2 to obtain a milling and drilling semi-finished shaft 200, as shown in fig. 2, so that the two ends of the milling and drilling semi-finished shaft 200 are clamped by adopting a double-tip tooling method;
c. semi-finish turning: the semi-finish turning process mills and drills the semi-finished shaft 200 to form a semi-finish turned finished shaft 300 having a washing machine shaft 500 profile without an oxidized black skin, as shown in fig. 3;
d. finish turning: finish turning handles semi-finish turning finished axle 300, makes its shaping become finish turning finished axle 400 that satisfies washing machine axle 500 dimensional requirement, and finish turning finished axle 400's the side on do from left to right in proper order: a large end 7, a sealing position 13, a second bearing position 12, a transition section, a first bearing position 11, a transmission excircle 8 and a small end 6, as shown in fig. 4;
e. thread rolling: rolling threads 14 at the small end 6 on the finish turned finish spindle 400 using an automatic thread rolling machine;
f. plane milling: milling two corresponding planes 9 at a transmission excircle 8 on the finish turning finished shaft 400;
g. rolling: rolling straight knurls 10 at the large end 7 of the finish turning finished shaft 400;
h. mirror surface rolling: the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 on the finish-turned finished shaft 400 are subjected to mirror rolling to be formed into a washing machine shaft 500 meeting the dimensional accuracy requirement, as shown in fig. 5.
When the stepped shaft 100 is clamped by the double-center tool method in the step b, the used specific device comprises a left center, a right center, a base, a center driving mechanism and a V-shaped bracket, the two centers are coaxial and the tops of the centers are opposite, the left center is fixed on the machine tool spindle, the right center is fixed on the right base, the center driving mechanism can drive the right center to reciprocate along the direction of the machine tool spindle, the V-shaped bracket is connected on a target machine tool holder and does not interfere with processing, and a workpiece on the V-shaped bracket can be rotated to be coaxial with the two centers. The specific operation method comprises the following steps: a workpiece to be machined is placed on a V-shaped bracket, a left center hole 4 in a stepped shaft 100 is placed at the head of a left center point, a center driving mechanism drives a right center point to move leftwards along the direction of a main shaft of a machine tool, the right center point is inserted into a right center hole 5 of the workpiece, the two center points tightly push the workpiece, the V-shaped bracket rotates to the original position, and then machining processes such as semi-finish turning, milling and mirror surface rolling can be completed on different machine tools.
Example 1
In this implementation, during the unloading, select for use 45 bar steel materials, have following advantage: the 45 steel bar has fewer oxidation layers on the surface, and the reduction of grinding layers is also beneficial to reducing the use of raw materials and reducing the production cost; the bar stock used was 130mm in length and 36mm in diameter. During grinding, because the oxidized layers on the surface of a 45 steel bar are few, the linear velocity of an abrasive belt during rough grinding is 15m/s, the linear velocity of the abrasive belt during accurate grinding is 25m/s, the feeding speed of a workpiece is 2m/min, and the total grinding depth is 0.12mm, the surface of the ground bar has no rust, the use requirement is met, the grinding time is also reduced, and the production efficiency is favorably improved; when dip-coating, a hot water pipe is used for spraying the bar stock, the temperature of the preheated bar stock reaches 72 ℃, the soaking time of the bar stock in a cold extrusion lubricant soaking groove is 15s, which is favorable for forming a compact coating film on the surface of the bar stock and the surface of a cold extrusion die, the adopted cold extrusion lubricant is a YC-802 environment-friendly cold extrusion lubricant produced by Zhejiang Yun bearing environmental protection science and technology Limited company, belongs to a coating type lubricant, does not have chemical reaction with a base material, and compared with the traditional phosphating-saponification treatment process, the lubricant is safe, nontoxic and free from environmental pollutant emission while improving the production efficiency, and the formed coating film is thin, and the cost is also reduced by 30-45%; compared with the common cold extrusion lubricant, the lubricant can effectively ensure the processing precision of 45 steel bars, improve the surface quality, save the rough turning process in subsequent turning processing, and is beneficial to reducing the production and manufacturing cost; in addition, the surface of the die is protected to the maximum extent, the service life of the die is prolonged, the yield of products is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the operation is simple, and the use requirements of large extension degree, high deformation rate and complex curved surface of the 45 steel bar material due to the fact that double steps are extruded at one time in the cold extrusion process can be met; during cold extrusion, a 200T hydraulic press is adopted, a forward extrusion mode is adopted, the forming force is 800KN, double steps are extruded at one time to obtain the stepped shaft 100, the length of the stepped shaft 100 is 157-159 mm, the left end face 1 and the right end face 2 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the stepped shaft respectively, a sealing position 13 is formed in the middle of the stepped shaft, the diameter of the left end face 1 is 36mm, the diameter of the right end face 2 is 30.7-30.9 mm, raw materials are greatly saved, one kilogram of materials is saved for each shaft on average, and the cost of the raw materials is reduced; milling and drilling the stepped shaft 100 subjected to cold extrusion treatment to obtain a milled and drilled semi-finished shaft 200, wherein the length of the milled and drilled semi-finished shaft 200 is 155.1-156.1 mm, and the roughness of the left central hole 4 and the roughness of the right central hole 5 are both Ra3.2, so that the reference of the subsequent processes such as semi-finish turning, mirror surface rolling and the like is unified through a double-center tool method, and the processing precision is improved; when the milling and drilling semi-finished shaft 200 is subjected to semi-finish turning, the rotating speed of a lathe spindle is 2800-2900 r/min, the feeding speed is 2.5-3 mm/r, the semi-finish turning finished shaft 300 is obtained, a small end 6, a transmission excircle 8 and a first bearing position 11 are sequentially formed at the right end of the semi-finish turning finished shaft 300 from right to left, wherein the rotating speed of the lathe spindle when the first bearing position 11 is semi-finish turned is 2900r/min, the feeding amount is 0.3mm/r, the machining efficiency is improved when the precision requirement of finish turning is ensured, the rotating speed of the lathe spindle when the sealing position 13 is semi-finish turned is 2800r/min, the feeding amount is 0.3mm/r, the precision of finish turning is ensured, and the machining efficiency is improved; when the semi-finish-turned finished shaft 300 is subjected to finish turning treatment, the rotating speed of a lathe spindle is 2500-2900 r/min, the feeding speed is 0.16-2.0 mm/r, a finish-turned finished shaft 400 is obtained, a transition section and a second bearing position 12 are sequentially formed between a sealing position 13 and a first bearing position 11 on the finish-turned finished shaft 400 from left to right, wherein the rotating speed of the lathe spindle when the small end 6 is finish-turned is 2900r/min, the feeding amount is 0.18mm/r, so that the diameter of the small end 6 is ensured to be 14.60-14.62 mm, the situation that qualified threads 14 are difficult to roll out once due to the fact that the diameter of the small end 6 is too small is avoided, and in order to prevent damage to a thread rolling wheel and a clamp and repeated rolling, the precision of the rolled threads 14 can be ensured to meet the use requirement, and in addition, the situation that the thread rolling wheel is damaged due to the fact that the diameter of the small end 6 is too large; the rotating speed of the lathe spindle when the transmission excircle 8 is finely turned is 2800r/min, the feeding amount is 0.2mm/r, the processing precision of the transmission excircle 8 is ensured, the matching of the transmission excircle 8 and a transmission mechanism is facilitated, and the service life of the washing machine shaft 500 is prolonged; the rotating speed of a lathe spindle is 2700r/min and the feeding amount is 0.16mm/r when the first bearing position 11 is finish-turned, so that the surface roughness of the first bearing position 11 reaches Ra1.8, the subsequent mirror rolling process treatment is facilitated, and the first bearing position 11 is facilitated to form a surface layer with strong hardness and rigidity precision; the rotating speed of a lathe spindle is 2900r/min when the second bearing position 12 is finish-turned, the feeding amount is 0.18mm/r, and the structure of the second bearing position 12 is directly formed in the finish-turning process, so that the surface roughness of the second bearing position 12 can reach Ra1.8 by improving the rotating speed of the spindle, and the second bearing position 12 can form a surface layer with strong hardness and rigidity precision; the rotating speed of a lathe spindle when the sealing position 13 is finely turned is 2800r/min, and the feeding amount is 0.16mm/r, so that the surface roughness of the sealing position 13 reaches Ra1.8, and the sealing position 13 forms a surface layer with strong hardness and rigidity precision; the rotating speed of a lathe spindle during finish turning of the transition section is 2800r/min, and the feeding amount is 0.16mm/r, so that the processing efficiency is improved. When the thread 14 is rolled out at the small end 6 of the finish turning finished shaft 400 by using the automatic thread rolling machine, the rotating speed of the main shaft of the automatic thread rolling machine is 80r/min, which corresponds to the diameter size of the small end 6, and the processing precision of the thread 14 is ensured. When two corresponding planes 9 are milled at the position of a transmission excircle 8 on a finish turning finished shaft 400, the rotating speed of a main shaft of a milling flat machine is 300r/min, the feeding amount is 0.25mm/r, the processing precision of the planes 9 is ensured, a transmission mechanism is favorable for driving a washing machine shaft 500 to rotate, and the improvement of the precision is favorable for ensuring the jumping precision during high-speed rotation under the action of the alternating torque of the positive and negative rotation of the washing machine; when the finished shaft 400 is finish-turned by mirror surface rolling, the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 on the finish-turned finished shaft 400 are subjected to mirror surface rolling, the surface roughness of the first bearing position 11 and the surface roughness of the second bearing position 12 on the washing machine shaft 500 reach Ra0.6, and the surface roughness of the sealing position 13 reaches Ra1.6.
In the embodiment, the mirror rolling technology is adopted to replace the traditional grinding technology to process the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13, the processing efficiency is improved by more than 50 percent, the smoothness of the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 is greatly improved, the assembly stability of the bearing and the service life of the sealing position are favorably prolonged, and more importantly, on the premise of not adding any process treatment, the surface layer tissues at the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 are subjected to cold hardening and grain thinning through the mirror rolling process treatment to form compact fibrous shapes, and a residual stress layer is formed, so that the hardness and the strength are improved, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the matching performance of the surfaces at the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 are improved, the fatigue life and the stress corrosion resistance of the material surface are greatly improved, furthermore, it is also advantageous to prevent damage to the sealing site 13 due to corrosion by moisture and dust.
It should be emphasized that, while the hardened layer is generated on the surface of the first bearing position 11, the second bearing position 12 and the sealing position 13 during the mirror rolling process, the hardened surface layer and the interior of the material have obvious layering phenomenon, which easily causes the surface layer to fall off, and further causes the washing machine shaft 500 to be damaged during the mirror rolling process, which also causes the production cost to rise, and is not beneficial to large-scale batch production, in the embodiment, the structure of the bar is improved during the cold extrusion process, reasonable fiber streamline distribution is formed inside the part, the hardness of the stepped shaft 100 is higher than that of the raw material, thus, during the subsequent mirror rolling process, the hardness difference between the hardened surface layer formed by the mirror rolling and the interior of the material is reduced, the adverse effect caused by layering between the hardened surface layer and the interior of the material is weakened, and the phenomenon of the surface layer falling off is greatly reduced, the probability of damage to the washing machine shaft 500 during the mirror rolling process is reduced; in the yield test, two groups of stepped shafts are tested, one group is an experimental group, samples of the two groups of stepped shafts are stepped shafts formed by a cold extrusion process, the other group is a comparison group, the samples of the two groups of stepped shafts are stepped shafts formed by rough turning, the number of the samples is 200, after the two groups of stepped shafts are subjected to semi-finish turning and finish turning, after the mirror surface rolling process test with the same parameters, the number of finished products is 196 after the experimental group is subjected to the mirror surface rolling process, and the number of the finished products is 172 after the comparison group is subjected to the mirror surface rolling process, so that the probability that the washing machine shaft 500 is damaged during the mirror surface rolling process can be greatly reduced by the cold extrusion process.
Furthermore, as the hardness of the stepped shaft 100 formed by the cold extrusion process is increased, the permanent deformation is reduced, the mirror rolling effect is deteriorated, and in severe cases, the deeper tool lines on the surface of the shaft after the mirror rolling treatment cannot be rolled and polished, so that the surface processing effect cannot meet the precision requirement, in the embodiment, the surface roughness of the first bearing position 11 and the second bearing position 12 on the finish-turned finished shaft 400 reaches Ra1.8, the surface roughness of the sealing position 13 reaches Ra1.8, after the mirror rolling treatment, the surface roughness of the first bearing position 11 and the second bearing position 12 on the washing machine shaft 500 reaches Ra0.6, the surface roughness of the sealing position 13 reaches Ra1.6, the tool lines on the surface of the shaft are uniformly rolled and polished by controlling the surface roughness, namely the tool line depth, and the double-tip tooling method is adopted, the references of the finish turning and the mirror rolling process are unified, the surface processing effect can meet the precision requirement.
The embodiment also discloses a washing machine shaft which is manufactured by adopting the processing method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the relevant art should also be able to make changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention according to the technical solution and idea of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A processing method of a washing machine shaft is characterized in that: processing a bar by adopting a cold extrusion process to form a stepped shaft (100), milling and drilling the machined stepped shaft (100), milling two end surfaces, chamfering and drilling a central hole so as to clamp the stepped shaft (100) by adopting a double-tip machining method;
the processing method comprises the following steps:
blanking: selecting 45 steel bars according to the diameter size, and sawing the bars according to the length requirement;
(II) grinding: the sawed bars fall into a feeding frame of a belt grinding machine, automatic feeding is carried out, the bars are distributed on a chain wheel, and coarse grinding and fine grinding processes are sequentially carried out;
(III) dip coating: spraying a bar stock by using a hot water pipe, preheating the bar stock, putting the bar stock into a cold extrusion lubricant dip coating tank for soaking, taking out, and naturally drying;
(VI) forming: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a bar coated with a cold extrusion lubricant, wherein the bar is processed by a cold extrusion process to form a stepped shaft (100), the stepped shaft (100) is milled and drilled, two end faces are milled, chamfered and a central hole is drilled, the stepped shaft (100) is clamped by a double-tip tooling method, and subsequent forming procedures are carried out until a washing machine shaft (500) meeting the requirement of dimensional accuracy is obtained;
the forming method in the step (VI) is specifically as follows:
a. cold extrusion: using a hydraulic press, putting the bar coated with the cold extrusion lubricant into a die cavity, cold extruding the bar to form a stepped shaft (100), and cooling the stepped shaft in a natural state;
b. milling and drilling the cold-extruded stepped shaft (100), wherein the two ends of the stepped shaft (100) are respectively a left end face (1) and a right end face (2), the left end face (1) and the right end face (2) are milled, a chamfer (3) is milled at the edge of the left end face (1), then a left central hole (4) and a right central hole (5) are respectively drilled on the left end face (1) and the right end face (2) to obtain a milling and drilling semi-finished shaft (200), and the two ends of the milling and drilling semi-finished shaft (200) are clamped by adopting a double-tip tool method;
c. semi-finish turning: the semi-finish turning treatment milling and drilling semi-finished shaft (200) is formed into a semi-finish turning finished shaft (300) which has the contour of a washing machine shaft (500) and is free of oxidized black skin;
d. finish turning: finish turning handles half finish turning finished product axle (300), makes it shaping become finish turning finished product axle (400) that satisfies washing machine axle (500) dimensional requirement, has on the side of finish turning finished product axle (400): a small end (6), a large end (7), a transmission excircle (8), a first bearing position (11), a second bearing position (12) and a sealing position (13);
e. thread rolling: rolling threads (14) at a small end (6) on a finish-turned finished shaft (400) using an automatic thread rolling machine;
f. plane milling: milling two corresponding planes (9) at a transmission excircle (8) on a finish turning finished shaft (400);
g. rolling: rolling straight knurls (10) at a large end (7) of a finish-turned finished shaft (400);
h. mirror surface rolling: and performing mirror surface rolling on the first bearing position (11), the second bearing position (12) and the sealing position (13) on the finish-turned finished shaft (400) to form the washing machine shaft (500) meeting the dimensional precision requirement.
2. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (II), the total grinding depth is 0.1-0.15 mm, the linear speed of the abrasive belt during rough grinding is 14-16 m/s, the linear speed of the abrasive belt during fine grinding is 24-26 m/s, and the feeding speed of the workpiece is 1-4 m/min.
3. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the bar stock is preheated in the step (III), the temperature of the bar stock is between 65 and 75 ℃; the soaking time of the bar stock in the dip coating groove is 12-18 s.
4. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: after finish turning, the surface roughness of the first bearing position (11) and the second bearing position (12) on the finished shaft (400) reaches Ra1.8, and the surface roughness of the sealing position (13) reaches Ra1.8.
5. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: after mirror surface rolling, the surface roughness of the first bearing position (11) and the second bearing position (12) on the washing machine shaft (500) reaches Ra0.6, and the surface roughness of the sealing position (13) reaches Ra1.6.
6. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the cold extrusion is in a positive extrusion mode.
7. A method of processing a washing machine shaft as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: in the cold extrusion process, the bar stock is extruded and formed into the double-step stepped shaft (100) at one time.
8. A washing machine shaft characterized by: the processing method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN201811637242.6A CN109623298B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Washing machine shaft and processing method thereof |
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| CN110561058B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-05-25 | 金伟锋 | Production process of washing machine impeller shaft |
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Address after: 243000 building 14, intelligent equipment Industrial Park, Yushan Economic Development Zone, Maanshan City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Yizhong Precision Shaft Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 243000 6 intelligent equipment Industrial Park in Yushan Economic Development Zone, Ma'anshan, Anhui Patentee before: MAANSHAN YIZHONG ELECTROMECHANICAL Co.,Ltd. |
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