CN109621900A - The plant type charcoal and its preparation method and application of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body - Google Patents

The plant type charcoal and its preparation method and application of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109621900A
CN109621900A CN201910058394.9A CN201910058394A CN109621900A CN 109621900 A CN109621900 A CN 109621900A CN 201910058394 A CN201910058394 A CN 201910058394A CN 109621900 A CN109621900 A CN 109621900A
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heavy metal
water body
charcoal
plant
plant type
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CN201910058394.9A
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Inventor
包红旭
刘畅
朱佳文
赵峰
张欣
李良玉
张馨月
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Liaoning University
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Liaoning University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • B01J2220/485—Plants or land vegetals, e.g. cereals, wheat, corn, rice, sphagnum, peat moss
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses plant type charcoals of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body and its preparation method and application, belong to plant type charcoal preparation field.The present invention is using miscellaneous straw or like vegetable-Phytolacca acinosa as raw material, by the way that fresh plant is buried compacting through crushing, drying, soil, high temperature carbonization, cooling drying, removal impurity, is ground up, sieved to obtain plant type charcoal.Charcoal carbonization degree height, the carbonization degree are up to 36.70%, and good to heavy metal Cd adsorption effect, adsorption rate is easy to be separated by solid-liquid separation with the waste water handled up to 90.16%.Raw material are cheap and easy to get, and the weeds class plant resourcesization of no economic value are utilized, and provide a kind of efficient, cleaning, cheap method for the water body of removal heavy metal Cd pollution.

Description

In a kind of adsorbed water body plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd and preparation method thereof and Using
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of can efficient absorption Heavy Metals in Waters Cd plant type charcoal and preparation method thereof and answer With belonging to plant type charcoal preparation field.
Background technique
Logical Gu Zhijin, there are many kinds of classes for charcoal, can be mainly divided into two major classes, i.e. plant charcoal and boneblace.Plant Charcoal such as charcoal, straw carbon, fruit shell carbon；Boneblace such as animal skeleton charcoal, animal wastes charcoal.The elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen constitute The major part of charcoal, wherein mainly carbon accounts for 70~80%.Heavy metal in water body can by physical method and Chemical method removal.But chemical method often increases some unnecessary chemical elements to water body.Physical absorption can be adsorbed The impurity of nominal particle size in water, method is simpler, environmental protection.Why charcoal can adsorb in the water body of heavy metal pollution Heavy metal, the main reason is that due to its specific structure and physicochemical property.From physicochemical property, charcoal is aobvious because having The porous property write, thus have the characteristics that specific surface area, Kong Rong, apparent density etc. are big, and these features constitute charcoal Necessary condition with adsorptivity.
This plant life power of Phytolacca acinosa is vigorous, and the speed of growth is fast, growth conditions is of less demanding, easily survives, in thick grass with Locate visible.But not using it as green plants landscape, or even as weeds presence in jungle.Sometimes for raising landscape Aesthetic feeling often needs to be cleaned up.It is finally burned as rubbish to clean up or lose the Phytolacca acinosa plant to dry up after ornamental value Processing.This has resulted in air particle increase, increases burden to air cleaner, and to environment when as garbage disposal Very big burden is caused, if these discarded plants can be reused, that is, achievees the effect that resource circulation utilization, simultaneously It can be reduced to obtain the amount for other trees that a certain amount of charcoal is damaged again, realize effective configuration of resource.And it is with Phytolacca acinosa Raw material prepares plant type charcoal and has not been reported.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method is simple, source resource is extensive, can efficient absorption Heavy Metals in Waters Cd Plant type charcoal.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd, preparation method in a kind of adsorbed water body Include the following steps: fresh plant burying compacting through crushing, drying, soil, high temperature carbonization, cooling drying, removal impurity, grind It is honed to sieve to obtain plant type charcoal.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, the fresh plant be quotient Land.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, the fresh plant is One or two or more kinds of mixing of Phytolacca acinosa stem, Phytolacca acinosa bar and pokeberry root.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, the crushing is, by plant It is cut into 2~4cm length.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, it is described drying be 60~75 12~16h is dried at DEG C.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, the soil buries compacting It is: the plant crushed after drying is placed in crucible, then soil is filled into crucible and plant is buried and is compacted.Further , the soil is by 70~80 DEG C of drying 20~soil for 24 hours.
Further, in a kind of above-mentioned adsorbed water body heavy metal Cd plant type charcoal, the high temperature carbonization is, in 40~50min is carbonized at 550~650 DEG C.
Application of the above-mentioned plant type charcoal in adsorbed water body in heavy metal Cd.
Further, above-mentioned application, the method is as follows: it is raw that above-mentioned plant type is added in the water body of Yu Hanyou heavy metal Cd Object charcoal adsorbs 50~70min.
Further, above-mentioned application, the method is as follows: the concentration for adjusting Cd ion in water body is 10~20mg/L, is adjusted Saving pH value is 10, by solid-liquid ratio 1g:(50~500) mL is added above-mentioned plant type charcoal, absorption 60min.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention prepares charcoal using Phytolacca acinosa plant, the charcoal can heavy metal Cd in adsorbed water body, be conducive to The removal of Heavy Metals in Waters pollution, and it is able to achieve weeds class plant residue resource utilization, reduce production during burning weeds Destruction of the raw greenhouse gases to amblent air temperature.
2, Phytolacca acinosa plant type charcoal prepared by the present invention, carbonization degree is high, good to heavy metal Cd adsorption effect, and be easy to The waste water handled is separated by solid-liquid separation.Raw material are cheap and easy to get, and the weeds class plant resourcesization of no economic value are utilized, are Removal heavy metal-polluted water provides a kind of efficient, cleaning, cheap method.
3, raw material Phytolacca acinosa of the invention has intensive growth power, and resource is extensive.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is absorption of the Four Plants type charcoal prepared by the present invention under the processing of different durations to heavy metal Cd in water Effect curve.
Fig. 2 is adsorption rate maximum value of the Four Plants type charcoal prepared by the present invention to heavy metal Cd.
Fig. 3 is influence relational graph of the plant type charcoal dosage prepared by the present invention to heavy metal Cd adsorbance.
Fig. 4 is for plant type charcoal prepared by the present invention to the adsorption effect of heavy metal Cd under condition of different pH.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited in experiment implementation.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of Phytolacca acinosa plant type charcoals
(1) preparation method includes the following steps:
1, feeding: fresh 20 plants of Phytolacca acinosa bar (fresh weight 576.43g), pokeberry root 20 (fresh weight 79.34g), quotient are taken respectively The complete quotient land (only removing the leaf of Phytolacca acinosa, retain stem root three parts) of 20 plants of land stem (fresh weight 286.83g) and 20 plants of defoliations (fresh weight 1061.21g).
2, it crushes: these plant being cut into the bulk of about 3cm long respectively, are respectively put into different crucibles.
3, it dries: being placed in 70 DEG C of baking oven, dry 15h.
4, soil buries compacting: by soil prior to 70 DEG C at dry 20h, cross 80 meshes, it is spare.The purpose of soil only be Isolation air, so be not limited to the source of soil.Respectively to Phytolacca acinosa stem, bar, root and the defoliation complete quotient land being equipped with after drying Soil is filled in crucible, and plant is buried and is compacted.
5, high temperature carbonization: crucible is put into resistance furnace, and heating rate is 30 DEG C/min, 600 DEG C is warming up to, in 600 DEG C Lower roasting 40min.
6, cooling drying: after high temperature carbonization, crucible is taken out, is quickly placed into equipped with desiccant and completely cuts off the cooling chamber of air In, cooling drying.
7, impurity is removed, is ground up, sieved: after cooling drying, removing soil, takes out the product in crucible, grind respectively, mistake 100 meshes respectively obtain Phytolacca acinosa bar charcoal, pokeberry root charcoal, Phytolacca acinosa stem charcoal and defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal, set It is spare in valve bag.
(2) result
The plant carbonated front and back parameter comparison table of table 1
Seen from table 1, the carbonation rate of pokeberry root is higher, this is because the water content of Phytolacca acinosa root is relatively small, contains More carbon.Phytolacca acinosa bar and Phytolacca acinosa stem it is aqueous ingredient proportion it is larger.Since moisture is evaporated in carbonization process, greatly Partial organic substances are volatilized and are decomposed at high temperature, last cellulose it is destructurized, be left charing after carbon block be used as needed for Charcoal.Phytolacca acinosa plant type charcoal carbonization degree is from high to low successively are as follows: pokeberry root charcoal (38.18%), Phytolacca acinosa bar are raw Object charcoal (37.15%), defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal (36.70%), Phytolacca acinosa stem charcoal (35.73%).
Application of the 2 plant type charcoal of embodiment in adsorbed water body in heavy metal Cd
Method: taking 28 capacity is the centrifuge tube of 50mL, is divided into seven groups.Every group of quotient for taking 0.3g embodiment 1 to prepare respectively Land bar charcoal, pokeberry root charcoal, Phytolacca acinosa stem charcoal and defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal are separately added into different centrifuge tubes, It is then respectively adding the CdCl that 20mL concentration is 10.27mg/L2Solution is placed on oscillator (250r/min, 25 DEG C), and starts Timing.Respectively take out one group from oscillator in 5min, 20min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 180min, 240min respectively, Centrifuge tube is put into centrifugal treating 10min in centrifuge (5000r/min), charcoal is made to be deposited in centrifugation bottom of the tube.By supernatant Liquid filters the filter paper that aperture is 0.45 μm, absorbance to be measured in the volumetric flask of label is filled into, according to the standard curve of Cd Converted score simultaneously records.As a result as shown in Figure 1.
As seen from Figure 1, Phytolacca acinosa bar charcoal, pokeberry root charcoal, Phytolacca acinosa stem charcoal and defoliation complete quotient terrestrial The adsorption effect of charcoal has the characteristics that common, i.e., in 60min, the concentration of Cd is minimum in supernatant, i.e., total adsorbance at this time is most Greatly, but persistent oscillation again after 60min, the concentration of Cd starts to increase again in solution, illustrates that the adsorption effect of charcoal is not permanent Property, reach adsorbance it is maximum after and the Cd element adsorbed can be discharged return to i.e. desorption in solution.Therefore the present invention is preferred inhales The attached time is 60min.
Fig. 2 is adsorption time when being 60min, the maximal absorptive capacity of different plant type charcoals.From figure 2 it can be seen that Adsorption effect most preferably defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal, adsorption rate 86.17%.It then is successively pokeberry root charcoal, Phytolacca acinosa Bar charcoal and Phytolacca acinosa stem charcoal, adsorption rate are followed successively by 83.64%, 82.28%, 80.82%.
Embodiment 3
The influence of plant type charcoal dosage and pH value of solution to adsorption effect
(1) influence of the plant type charcoal dosage to adsorption effect
It is applied in large batch of heavy metal water body absorbing process to probe into, in contrast defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal Yield is higher, while also adsorption rate with higher.Therefore defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal is selected to be tested.
Method: the defoliation for weighing the preparation of three parts of 0.01g, 0.05g, 0.1g, 0.25g, 0.5g, 1g, 2g embodiments 1 respectively is complete Phytolacca acinosa charcoal is separately added into the CdCl that 50mL concentration is 10.27mg/L in centrifuge tube2Centrifuge tube is placed in oscillation by solution On device, stops after oscillation absorption 1h, and be immediately placed in centrifugal treating 10min in centrifuge (5000r/min), precipitate charcoal In centrifugation bottom of the tube.The filter paper for being 0.45 μm by supernatant filtration aperture, is filled into extinction to be measured in the volumetric flask of label Degree.Absorbance is scaled concentration according to the standard curve of Cd and is recorded.
Fig. 3 is the dosage of defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal and the histogram of adsorbance, as seen from Figure 3, with dosage Increase absorption take the lead in increase gradually decreasing, illustrate that excessive adding can not improve adsorption effect, extra charcoal does not have Adsorption effect in ideal, and cause different degrees of waste.The dosage of defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal is being less than 0.5g When, total adsorbance is continuously increased with the increase adsorption tendency of dosage, and when dosage is greater than 0.5g, total adsorbance is with throwing The increase adsorption tendency of dosage constantly reduces, it means that and dosage causes the vacant of adsorbent when being more than 0.5g, excessive Adsorbent does not have good effect to the raising of adsorption effect, causes waste to the use of charcoal instead.Therefore, this hair Bright preferred, the concentration for adjusting Cd ion in water body is 10~20mg/L, preferred 1g:(50~500 of solid-liquid ratio) mL, it is furthermore preferred that Solid-liquid ratio is 1g:100mL.
(2) influence of the solution ph to adsorption effect
Method: taking 50mL concentration respectively is the CdCl of 10.27mg/L2Solution, respectively adjust solution pH value be 2,4,6, 7,8,10, it is then respectively adding the defoliation complete quotient terrestrial charcoal 0.5g of the preparation of embodiment 1, centrifuge tube is placed on oscillator, is shaken Stop after swinging absorption 1h, is immediately placed in centrifugal treating 10min in centrifuge (5000r/min), charcoal is made to be deposited in centrifuge tube Bottom.The filter paper for being 0.45 μm by supernatant filtration aperture, is filled into absorbance to be measured in the volumetric flask of label.According to Cd Standard curve absorbance is scaled concentration and is recorded.
Fig. 4 is the adsorption effect under condition of different pH to heavy metal Cd, from fig. 4, it can be seen that adsorption rate is maximum when pH is 10, Reach 90.16%.Therefore, it is 10 that the present invention, which preferably adjusts the pH of water body solution,.

Claims (10)

1. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body, it is characterised in that: preparation method include the following steps: by Fresh plant buries compacting through crushing, drying, soil, high temperature carbonization, cooling drying, removal impurity, is ground up, sieved to obtain plant type Charcoal.
2. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Fresh plant is Phytolacca acinosa.
3. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described Fresh plant is one or two or more kinds of mixing of Phytolacca acinosa stem, Phytolacca acinosa bar and pokeberry root.
4. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Crushing is that plant is cut into 2~4cm length.
5. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Drying is that 12~16h is dried at 60~75 DEG C.
6. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Soil buries compacting: the plant crushed after drying being placed in crucible, soil is then filled into crucible and buries plant simultaneously Compacting.
7. the plant type charcoal of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described High temperature carbonization is that 40~50min is carbonized at 550~650 DEG C.
8. application of the plant type charcoal described in claim 1 in adsorbed water body in heavy metal Cd.
9. application according to claim 8, which is characterized in that method is as follows: being added in the water body of Yu Hanyou heavy metal Cd Plant type charcoal described in claim 1 adsorbs 50~70min.
10. application according to claim 9, which is characterized in that method is as follows: the concentration for adjusting Cd ion in water body is 10 ~20mg/L, adjusting pH value is 10, by solid-liquid ratio 1g:(50~500) mL addition plant type charcoal described in claim 1, Adsorb 60min.
CN201910058394.9A 2019-01-22 2019-01-22 The plant type charcoal and its preparation method and application of heavy metal Cd in a kind of adsorbed water body Pending CN109621900A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102583313A (en) * 2012-02-14 2012-07-18 浙江大学 Rural household garbage carbonization method, prepared products using same, and application
CN103265962A (en) * 2013-04-24 2013-08-28 浙江大学 Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws
CN103601182A (en) * 2013-10-18 2014-02-26 安徽师范大学 Preparation method of straw anaerobic fermentation residue active carbon for processing cadmium-containing waste water
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Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102583313A (en) * 2012-02-14 2012-07-18 浙江大学 Rural household garbage carbonization method, prepared products using same, and application
CN103265962A (en) * 2013-04-24 2013-08-28 浙江大学 Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws
CN103601182A (en) * 2013-10-18 2014-02-26 安徽师范大学 Preparation method of straw anaerobic fermentation residue active carbon for processing cadmium-containing waste water
CN105921110A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-07 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 Preparation method and application of cow dung biological carbon

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Title
SHENGSEN WANG ET AL.: ""Biochar provides a safe and value-added solution for hyperaccumulating plant disposal: A case study of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Phytolaccaceae)"", 《CHEMOSPHERE》 *
王晓琦: ""不同生物炭对红壤铜有效性的影响"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 *
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Application publication date: 20190416