CN109612680B - Double-position rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking - Google Patents
Double-position rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking Download PDFInfo
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- CN109612680B CN109612680B CN201910065769.4A CN201910065769A CN109612680B CN 109612680 B CN109612680 B CN 109612680B CN 201910065769 A CN201910065769 A CN 201910065769A CN 109612680 B CN109612680 B CN 109612680B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking, which comprises a balance measuring element, a front-end displacement element and a rear-end displacement element, wherein the balance measuring element and the front-end displacement element are of an integrated structure, the tail end of the front-end displacement element is fixedly connected with a support rod of a transmission device, the tail end of the balance measuring element is fixedly connected with a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with the rear-end displacement element through a rocker arm, and the rear-end displacement element is connected with a comprehensive joint of the transmission device through a hinge sliding block and is used for acquiring rolling angle displacement; the invention develops a unique device design concept, breaks through the measurement mode of measuring by adopting the traditional single rolling displacement element, sets the double-displacement measurement element capable of rechecking at different positions, monitors the double-displacement measurement element and mutually corrects the double-displacement measurement element, and adopts a hinge mode to avoid the influence of installation prestress on the measurement of the displacement element and weaken the additional stress of pneumatic load on the measurement element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement in aerodynamic tests, in particular to a double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking, which is suitable for measuring rolling rotation derivatives in rolling rotation derivative tests of high-speed and low-speed wind tunnel aircrafts.
Background
In recent years, the forced vibration test method is a common wind tunnel dynamic derivative test method. The forced vibration method is to use a vibration exciter to force a model to make simple harmonic vibration (deflection or translation) motion with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude under a certain degree of freedom. The specific implementation process is as follows: the test model is supported in the wind tunnel through an elastic element or a bearing by a tail support rod to form an elastic system. When in test, the dynamic derivative test device and the model are subjected to simple harmonic vibration with fixed frequency and amplitude under a certain degree of freedom through the vibration exciter, the motion parameters of the model are measured through the displacement element, the aerodynamic force and moment acting on the model are measured through the balance measuring element, the inertial force and moment acting on the model-balance system are subjected to data processing to obtain dynamic derivative values, and all dynamic derivatives can be measured through the method.
When the rolling derivative test device of the aircraft model is involved, one end of the displacement element is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, one end of the displacement element is fixedly connected with the supporting rod, the balance measuring element is separated from the displacement element, and the balance measuring element is connected with the transmission shaft; because the connections between the various elements are gapped. The problem of backlash control in the transmission is inherent to the actuator mechanism of the dynamic derivative test apparatus and is also a major cause of test errors. The analysis reasons prove that a dynamic derivative test device is composed of a plurality of parts, gaps are necessarily reserved among transmission parts (such as bearings), meanwhile, due to the fact that the existing rolling displacement element adopts a four-piece thin-wall beam structure, the aerodynamic load of an aircraft is easy to cause bending deformation of the structure to cause additional output, and serious nonlinear output can be generated. In addition, in general, the displacement measuring element is arranged in a region close to the rear end of the balance measuring element, so as to improve the response speed of the two elements at the same time, reduce the inertia load acting on the displacement measuring element, and reduce the influence of the deformation, friction and other links of the force transmission component on the displacement measuring element, but the arrangement has the following defects: the displacement measuring element arranged at the rear end of the balance measuring element is a transmission part formed by a central shaft, a main shaft, a supporting rod, a bearing and the like, the distance between the transmission force application end and the measuring element is longer, and the position of each part is relatively changed after the device is loaded in the test due to the existence of an inherent gap of the bearing, so that the measurement of the displacement measuring element is directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking, which aims to solve the defect of distortion of a test waveform of a displacement element when a traditional rolling rotation derivative test device is used for wind tunnel test, and finish accurate measurement of static and dynamic loads and rolling rotation derivatives of a test model.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking comprises a balance measuring element, a front end displacement element and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device comprises a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a motor through a main shaft, a rocker arm, an eccentric shaft and other parts,
the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are axially sleeved on the central shaft of the transmission device in an integrated structure, the tail end of the front end displacement element of the integrated structure is fixedly connected with the supporting rod of the transmission device, the tail end of the balance measuring element of the integrated structure is fixedly connected with the central shaft,
the rocker arm is connected with a rear end displacement element, and the rear end displacement element is connected with a comprehensive joint of the transmission device through a hinge sliding block and is used for acquiring rolling angle displacement;
under the drive of the motor, the central shaft, the eccentric shaft and the rocker arm in the transmission device are angularly displaced, so that the front-section displacement element and the rear-end displacement element are deformed, strain gauges are respectively stuck on the two displacement elements according to the Wheatstone bridge principle to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the angular displacement is converted into an electric signal, so that the calibration of the front-end displacement element and the rear-end displacement element is carried out.
In the technical scheme, the front end displacement element of the integrated structure is connected with the supporting rod through a hinge formed by a double-wedge structure.
In the above technical solution, the double wedge structure is: two groups of symmetrical wedge holes are formed in the support rod along the radial direction, two groups of wedge grooves with the same size are formed in the front end displacement element corresponding to the positions of the wedge holes in the support rod, and the two wedges respectively penetrate through the support rod and one group of wedge holes and the wedge grooves in the front end displacement balance.
In the technical scheme, the wedge holes, the wedge grooves and the wedges at the corresponding positions adopt matched processing structures, and no gap exists between the wedge holes, the wedge grooves and the wedges after the wedge holes, the wedge grooves and the wedges are connected.
In the technical scheme, the two groups of wedge holes on the supporting rod and the two groups of wedge grooves on the front end displacement element are symmetrically distributed by taking the displacement element as a center.
In the above technical solution, a group of hinge grooves are respectively provided on both ends of the front end displacement element of the integrated structure along the axial direction.
In the above technical solution, the group of hinge grooves are provided with a plurality of hollow structures on the same circumferential surface along the axial direction of the integrated structure.
In the above technical scheme, the hollow structure is not a complete closed loop, and the hollow structure is divided into a plurality of sections in the same circumferential direction.
In the technical scheme, the rear end displacement element adopts a single rectangular elastic beam as a single-component balance of the measuring element, and is respectively connected with the rocker arm and the hinge sliding block through screws.
In the technical scheme, the hinge sliding block comprises a sliding block connected with the rocker arm and a positioning block used for positioning the integrated joint positioning groove, the positioning block is connected with the sliding block through a hinge structure, and the hinge structure is a flexible hinge.
According to the above structural scheme, the working principle of the invention is as follows: the deformation characteristics of the flexible hinge and the balance system are utilized, and the balance measuring element is designed by adopting the structure of the hinge and the balance measuring element, so that the influence of inaccuracy in axial positioning on the measurement of the front end displacement element is overcome, the influence of aerodynamic force and moment in other directions on the front end displacement element is reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the displacement element is improved. In addition, displacement elements are arranged at different positions at the front end and the rear end of the whole device, displacement at the front end and the rear end of the transmission shaft is respectively obtained for calculation, and two groups of data obtained in the mode can be monitored by each other to play a role in mutual correction.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: firstly, developed unique device design thought, broken through the measurement mode that adopts traditional individual roll displacement component to carry out the measurement, set up the dible measuring element that can "recheck" in different positions, both monitor each other, correct each other. And the front end and the rear end of the displacement element are hinged, so that the influence of installation prestress on the measurement of the displacement element is avoided, and the additional stress of aerodynamic load on the measurement element is weakened. The third is that it can be widely used in the development of rolling rotation derivative test device, and has good practicality and popularization value.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art structure of end-face connection of a front end displacement element;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the integrated construction of the balance measuring element and displacement element of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an axial side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the end face connection of the front end displacement element of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the rear end displacement member;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: the balance comprises a balance measuring element 1, a front end displacement element 2, a hinge groove 3, a wedge groove 4, a supporting rod 5, a screw 6, a wedge 7, a rear end displacement element 8, a rocker arm 9, a sliding block 10, a positioning block 11 and a hinge 12.
Description of the embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
The dynamic derivative test device in this embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the existing dynamic derivative test device, as shown in fig. 1, which is a device in the prior art, in which the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are both connected with the central shaft through screws, and the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are associated together through the central shaft; as shown in fig. 2, in the prior art, the front end displacement element is connected with the support rod by four bolts arranged on the side wall of the end face through screws. Because four screws are independent four connecting bodies, the tightening force of the screws cannot be accurately controlled, so that the stress generated by connection of each screw cannot be eliminated and controlled, and the superposition of the four stresses is huge, so that the testing precision is seriously affected.
The key idea of the embodiment is that a rear end displacement element is arranged at the tail end of a traditional dynamic derivative device, the traditional front end displacement element and a balance measuring element are integrally designed, the tail end of the front end displacement element is connected with a supporting rod in an integrated mode of the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element, the front end is connected with a central shaft, a motor is used as a transmission force application end of the whole device, the central shaft is electrically connected with the motor through a main shaft, a rocker arm, an eccentric shaft and other parts, and the whole device performs small-amplitude simple harmonic motion around the central shaft under the action of the motor. The design load of this embodiment is: the normal force Y component is 3000N; the pitching moment Mz component is 60N x m; the rolling moment Mx component is 16N x m; the lateral force Z component is 1000N; the yaw moment My component is 36N m, and the angular displacement of the front end displacement element and the rear end displacement element is 1.2 degrees.
In the embodiment, the rear end displacement element is a single-component balance adopting a single rectangular elastic beam as a measuring element, one end of the rear end displacement element is connected with the rocker arm through two M6 screws and one M6 pin screw, and the other end of the rear end displacement element is connected with the comprehensive joint through a hinge sliding block and is pressed by the M6 screws. In the selection of the positioning mode, a positioning groove is processed between the hinge sliding block and the comprehensive joint, and meanwhile, the hinge structure arranged on the hinge sliding block eliminates the influence of low axial positioning precision on the measurement of the rear-end displacement element. The rear end displacement element obtains the change of the rolling angle displacement of the device through measuring the relative angular displacement of the beam rocker arm and the comprehensive joint.
In order to avoid the influence of the test precision brought by the transmission link between the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element in the traditional dynamic derivative device, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are designed into an integrated structure, the front end displacement element after the integrated design is not directly connected with the central shaft any more, but the balance measuring element after the integrated structure is connected with the central shaft, the tail end of the front end displacement element after the integrated structure is connected with a supporting rod outside the central shaft, and the front end displacement element and the central shaft are not contacted with each other; the problem of great precision error caused by the fact that two parts are connected with a central shaft in the traditional technology is solved.
After the integrated structure, the balance measuring element adopts an eight-column elastic beam structure and is used for measuring lift force, pitching moment, rolling moment, side force and yaw moment. The front end displacement element adopts a structure of four elastic beams, and hinge structures are arranged at two sides of the element, so that the influence of axial installation and positioning and pneumatic load on the movable derivative displacement element is reduced. The front end displacement element obtains the change of the roll angle displacement of the device by measuring the relative angular displacement of the central shaft and the support rod.
In order to further eliminate the stress between the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element, as shown in fig. 4, a set of hinge grooves are respectively provided at both ends of the front end displacement element along the axial direction of the element, and the stress generated by the torsion force of the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element is eliminated by the hinge grooves. Because the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are of an integrated structure, the hinge groove is equivalent to a groove on the wall surface of the integrated structure; the hinge grooves at least comprise two hollow structures along the axial direction, the same circumference comprises a plurality of sections of hollow structures, and the hollow structures cannot form a complete closed loop. The hollow structures in a group of hinges are distributed in a central symmetry manner.
As shown in fig. 5, the improved connection mode of the front end displacement element and the support rod adopts a double-wedge tensioning mode, two symmetrical side faces of the central shaft are respectively provided with a wedge groove, the position corresponding to the support rod is provided with a wedge hole penetrating through the support rod, and the wedge is inserted into the wedge grooves and the wedge holes to be locked. The wedge hole, the wedge groove and the wedge are in close contact with each other in a matched processing mode, and no gap exists between the wedge hole, the wedge groove and the wedge. The two wedges are distributed in a central symmetry mode, the wedges can play a role in positioning after being connected, meanwhile, the two wedges are tensioned together, the fact that the central shaft and the supporting rod cannot deviate or rotate can be guaranteed, and errors caused by rotation of the supporting rod and the central shaft are reduced.
Through the improvement of the connection mode between the two ends of the integrated structure and the central shaft and the support rod, the influence of inaccurate axial positioning on the measurement of the front-end displacement element is overcome, the influence of aerodynamic force and moment in other directions on the front-end displacement element is reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the displacement element is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, the rear end displacement element is connected to the central shaft through a rocker arm, the other end of the rear end displacement element is connected to the hinge slider, the hinge slider comprises a slider connected with the rear end displacement element, a positioning block connected with the integrated joint positioning slot, and the positioning block is connected with the slider through a hinge structure. The positioning block realizes radial positioning through the positioning groove, and the sliding block realizes stress relief on the central shaft axial direction through the hinge structure.
The specific dimensions of the balance measuring element, the front end displacement element and the rear end displacement element are obtained by a finite element analysis method. According to the analysis result of finite element software, the size of each measuring beam is properly adjusted, and the sensitivity of each measuring unit can be ensured. According to the load characteristics and specific design indexes, each measuring beam can be replaced by elastic elements in other structural forms. The connection between each measuring beam and the corresponding supporting beam and the transition section is rounded to prevent stress concentration.
The double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking is complex in structure, strain gauges are adhered to the surfaces of the relevant positions of the measuring beams of the three key measuring components, a Wheatstone bridge is formed, and accurate measurement of five components of aerodynamic load and rolling angle displacement acting on a model is realized after computer processing.
As shown in fig. 7, a structural schematic diagram of the present invention is shown, and the result obtained through a test shows that the stress value at the position where the strain gauge is attached is 1060MPa at the maximum in the case of axial displacement of 0.15mm, and 600MPa and 90MPa in the case of pneumatic load normal force 3000N, mz =60 n.m. As can be seen from fig. 5, in the displacement element of the present embodiment, the stress value at the point of attaching the strain gauge is 6.2MPa at maximum when the displacement element is axially displaced by 0.15mm, and 13.2MPa and 6MPa when the normal force of pneumatic load is 3000N, mz =60 n.m. The displacement element of the present embodiment therefore considerably attenuates the influence of the axial installation prestress of the entire device and of the aerodynamic load on the displacement element.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking comprises a balance measuring element, a front end displacement element and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device comprises a central shaft, the central shaft is connected with a motor through a main shaft, a rocker arm and an eccentric shaft,
the method is characterized in that: the balance measuring element and the front end displacement element are axially sleeved on the central shaft of the transmission device in an integrated structure, the tail end of the front end displacement element of the integrated structure is fixedly connected with the supporting rod of the transmission device, the tail end of the balance measuring element of the integrated structure is fixedly connected with the central shaft,
the rocker arm is connected with a rear end displacement element, and the rear end displacement element is connected with a comprehensive joint of the transmission device through a hinge sliding block and is used for acquiring rolling angle displacement;
under the drive of the motor, the central shaft, the eccentric shaft and the rocker arm in the transmission device are angularly displaced, so that the front-section displacement element and the rear-end displacement element are deformed, strain gauges are respectively stuck on the two displacement elements according to the Wheatstone bridge principle to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the angular displacement is converted into an electric signal, so that the calibration of the front-end displacement element and the rear-end displacement element is carried out.
2. The double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking according to claim 1, wherein the front end displacement element of the integrated structure is connected with the supporting rod by a hinge formed by a double-wedge structure.
3. A double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking according to claim 2, characterized in that the double-wedge substructure is: two groups of symmetrical wedge holes are formed in the support rod along the radial direction, two groups of wedge grooves with the same size are formed in the front end displacement element corresponding to the positions of the wedge holes in the support rod, and the two wedges respectively penetrate through the support rod and one group of wedge holes and the wedge grooves in the front end displacement balance.
4. A double-position rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking according to claim 3, wherein the wedge hole, the wedge groove and the wedge at the corresponding positions adopt a matched processing structure, and no gap exists between the wedge hole, the wedge groove and the wedge after the wedge hole, the wedge groove and the wedge are connected.
5. A double-position rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking according to claim 3, wherein the two wedge holes on the support rod and the two wedge grooves on the front end displacement element are symmetrically distributed with the displacement element as a center.
6. A double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of rechecking according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end displacement element of the integrated structure is provided with a set of hinge grooves on both ends in the axial direction.
7. The double-displacement rolling rotation derivative testing device capable of being rechecked according to claim 6, wherein the group of hinge grooves are provided with a plurality of hollowed-out structures respectively on the same circumferential surface along the axial direction of the integrated structure.
8. The double-position rolling rotation derivative test device capable of being rechecked according to claim 7, wherein the hollowed-out structure is not a complete closed loop, and the hollowed-out structure is divided into a plurality of sections in the same circumferential direction.
9. The double-displacement rolling rotation derivative test device capable of being rechecked according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end displacement element adopts a single rectangular elastic beam as a single-component balance of the measuring element, and is respectively connected with the rocker arm and the hinge sliding block through screws.
10. The rechecking double-displacement rolling rotation derivative testing device is characterized in that the hinge sliding block comprises a sliding block connected with a rocker arm and a positioning block used for positioning with a comprehensive joint positioning groove, the positioning block is connected with the sliding block through a hinge structure, and the hinge structure is a flexible hinge.
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| CN114001909B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-04-18 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Design method of displacement element for wind tunnel roll dynamic derivative test |
| CN117874400B (en) * | 2024-03-13 | 2024-06-04 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Aircraft model dynamic derivative test data processing system |
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| 翼尖支撑双天平校准技术研究;王玉花;刘伟;王超;张悦;;实验流体力学(第06期);全文 * |
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