CN109609778B - Method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction - Google Patents
Method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109609778B CN109609778B CN201910122195.XA CN201910122195A CN109609778B CN 109609778 B CN109609778 B CN 109609778B CN 201910122195 A CN201910122195 A CN 201910122195A CN 109609778 B CN109609778 B CN 109609778B
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- aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
A method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction comprises the following steps: (1) putting raw aluminum and metallic lead into a graphite crucible; (2) placing the crucible in a heating furnace, and introducing nitrogen to expel air; heating to 700-900 ℃ to completely melt the original aluminum and the metal lead to form a mixed melt; (3) stirring to mix the liquid aluminum and the liquid lead from top to bottom step by step; (4) stirring for 10-60 min, standing, and cooling along with the furnace; firstly forming a solidified aluminum layer on the aluminum on the upper layer; taking out the solidified aluminum layer when the solidified aluminum layer is formed and the lead is not solidified; (5) and cooling the solidified aluminum layer to normal temperature to form purified aluminum. The method has the advantages of simple process, short time consumption, simple and convenient operation and good gallium removing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction.
Background
The raw aluminum produced from the electrolytic bath is purified, clarified and deslagged to cast into aluminum ingots, the purity of which is generally between 99.5 percent and 99.8 percent, and the main impurities contained in the aluminum ingots comprise iron, silicon, copper, vanadium, gallium, calcium, a small amount of non-metallic impurities and the like.
The impurity gallium is brought in by the raw material alumina; gallium often enters aluminum-containing minerals in a homomorphic substitution mode and is closely symbiotic in bauxite; in the existing production process, gallium is mainly enriched and separated in seed separation mother liquor in alumina production, so that gallium is prevented from entering alumina products; gallium has high solid solubility in aluminum up to 20%; because gallium is similar in chemical nature to aluminum, it is difficult to remove gallium as an impurity into aluminum; the impurity gallium enters the electrolytic cell to have negative influence on electrolytic aluminum, so that the current efficiency in the electrolytic process is reduced on one hand, and the purity of the primary aluminum is reduced on the other hand, thereby generating negative influence on the subsequent aluminum processing and use quality; a trace amount of gallium reduces the corrosion resistance of aluminum, increases the sensitivity of aluminum to chloride ions, and also reduces the conductivity of aluminum.
Because gallium and aluminum have similar chemical properties, common aluminum purification methods such as chlorination method, oxidation method, precipitation method, flux purification method and the like are difficult to remove impurity gallium in aluminum; the cost of the methods such as electrolytic refining, segregation smelting and the like is higher, and the large-scale industrial application is difficult to realize; at present, no literature report exists on the impurity removal method aiming at gallium in the primary aluminum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting gallium from primary aluminum, which separates the gallium by lead extraction by utilizing the mutual solubility relationship of lead, aluminum and gallium in liquid phases at high temperature and the sequence of cooling and solidification, simplifies the operation and reduces the content of the gallium in the aluminum.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. putting raw aluminum and metallic lead into a graphite crucible; the mass ratio of the primary aluminum to the metallic lead is 1 (5-10);
2. placing the crucible in a heating furnace, and introducing nitrogen into the heating furnace to expel air; heating the heating furnace to 700-900 ℃ to completely melt the original aluminum and the metal lead to form a mixed melt;
3. stirring the mixed melt under the condition of heat preservation to ensure that the liquid aluminum and the liquid lead are mixed step by step from top to bottom, and the gallium is uniformly distributed into the aluminum and the lead;
4. stirring for 10-60 min, standing, and stopping heat preservation to cool the mixed melt along with the furnace; in the standing and cooling processes, lead and aluminum are gradually layered, and the aluminum on the upper layer is firstly solidified to form a solidified aluminum layer; when the solidified aluminum layer is formed and the lead is not solidified, taking out the solidified aluminum layer, and extracting partial gallium into the liquid lead at the lower layer;
5. and cooling the solidified aluminum layer to normal temperature to form purified aluminum.
The content of gallium in the purified aluminum is less than 50 ppm.
The content of gallium in the primary aluminum is 200-500 ppm.
The principle of the invention is as follows: because the aluminum element and the lead element cannot be mutually dissolved and the density difference between the aluminum element and the lead element is large, the aluminum element and the lead element can be gradually layered in the process of cooling from liquid to solid, the lead can be on the lower layer, and the aluminum can be on the upper layer; because of different solidifying points, the upper aluminum layer is firstly solidified and the lower lead layer is then solidified in the cooling process; during the cooling and solidification process of the lead, gallium is gradually precipitated due to the reduction of the solubility in the gallium; therefore, the aluminum layer needs to be taken out before the lead is cooled, so that the gallium content in the aluminum is reduced to below 50 ppm.
The method has the advantages of simple process, short time consumption, simple and convenient operation and good gallium removing effect.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the aluminum content in the raw aluminum is 99.75% by mass, and the gallium content is 200-500 ppm.
The purity of the metallic lead adopted in the embodiment of the invention is 99.5%.
The method for testing the gallium content in the embodiment of the invention is inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Example 1
The content of gallium in the adopted primary aluminum is 233 ppm; putting raw aluminum and metallic lead into a graphite crucible; the mass ratio of the primary aluminum to the metallic lead is 1: 10;
placing the crucible in a heating furnace, and introducing nitrogen into the heating furnace to expel air; heating the heating furnace to 700 ℃ to completely melt the raw aluminum and the metal lead to form a mixed melt;
stirring the mixed melt under the condition of heat preservation to ensure that the liquid aluminum and the liquid lead are mixed step by step from top to bottom, and the gallium is uniformly distributed into the aluminum and the lead;
stirring for 60min, standing, and stopping heat preservation to cool the mixed melt along with the furnace; in the standing and cooling processes, lead and aluminum are gradually layered, and the aluminum on the upper layer is firstly solidified to form a solidified aluminum layer; when the solidified aluminum layer is formed and the lead is not solidified, taking out the solidified aluminum layer, and extracting partial gallium elements into the liquid lead at the lower layer;
and cooling the solidified aluminum layer to normal temperature to form purified aluminum, wherein the content of gallium in the purified aluminum is 41 ppm.
Example 2
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the content of gallium in the adopted primary aluminum is 361 ppm; the mass ratio of the primary aluminum to the metallic lead is 1: 8;
(2) heating the heating furnace to 800 ℃;
(3) stirring for 30 min, and standing;
(4) the content of gallium in the purified aluminum is 26 ppm.
Example 3
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the content of gallium in the adopted primary aluminum is 483 ppm; the mass ratio of the primary aluminum to the metallic lead is 1: 5;
(2) heating the heating furnace to 900 ℃;
(3) stirring for 10min and standing;
(4) the content of gallium in the purified aluminum is 39 ppm.
Claims (1)
1. A method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) putting raw aluminum and metallic lead into a graphite crucible; the mass ratio of the primary aluminum to the metallic lead is 1 (5-10); the content of gallium in the primary aluminum is 200-500 ppm;
(2) placing the crucible in a heating furnace, and introducing nitrogen into the heating furnace to expel air; heating the heating furnace to 700-900 ℃ to completely melt the original aluminum and the metal lead to form a mixed melt;
(3) stirring the mixed melt under the condition of heat preservation to ensure that the liquid aluminum and the liquid lead are mixed step by step from top to bottom, and the gallium is uniformly distributed into the aluminum and the lead;
(4) stirring for 10-60 min, standing, and stopping heat preservation to cool the mixed melt along with the furnace; in the standing and cooling processes, lead and aluminum are gradually layered, and the aluminum on the upper layer is firstly solidified to form a solidified aluminum layer; when the solidified aluminum layer is formed and the lead is not solidified, taking out the solidified aluminum layer, and extracting partial gallium into the liquid lead at the lower layer;
(5) cooling the solidified aluminum layer to normal temperature to form purified aluminum; the content of gallium in the purified aluminum is less than 50 ppm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910122195.XA CN109609778B (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910122195.XA CN109609778B (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Method for removing gallium from primary aluminum by utilizing metal extraction |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109609778A CN109609778A (en) | 2019-04-12 |
| CN109609778B true CN109609778B (en) | 2020-10-09 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1760389A (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2006-04-19 | 吕杏根 | Method for regenerating 6063 aluminum alloy by melting and purifying worn-out 6063 material |
| CN102464319A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-23 | 赵钧永 | Metallurgical chemical purification method of silicon |
| CN102464320A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-23 | 赵钧永 | Metallurgical chemical refining method of silicon |
| CN103898338A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-02 | 东莞市长安东阳光铝业研发有限公司 | Method and apparatus for separation and purification of high-purity aluminum |
| CN105018733B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-08-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | The enrichment of bismuth element and separation method in many metal mixed resources of waste printed circuit board |
| CN105039710B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-02-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Enrichment and separation method of cadmium in waste circuit board multi-metal hybrid resources |
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