CN109609730B - 一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法 - Google Patents
一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法。将中铬磨球在温度为950‑980℃下保温15‑25min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为800‑850℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置15‑30S；将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为200‑300℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为3‑5min；将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中5‑10S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。本发明通过多级的等温淬火，实现中铬磨球的韧性和强度的大大提升，从而提高了中铬磨球的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，属于热处理技术领域。
背景技术
中铬白口铸铁磨球广泛用于水泥、电力、选矿、化肥等工业领域。传统生产工艺是将铸态M+C的中铬磨球升温至960℃左右进行奥氏体化处理后风冷，再立即回火以消除磨球内部分残余应力。其主要力学性能：αk(无缺口径向取样)3.5—4.OJ/cm2，硬度52—55HRC，H＝3.5m落球试验直径80mm磨球12000次左右。常见磨球缺陷有表面脆性剥落、失圆、碎裂。磨球韧性差，严重制约着提高材质硬度和耐磨蚀性能的工艺途径，即无论是增加碳化物的体积百分数，还是选择进一步淬硬基体的工艺，这种韧性和强度都无法承受。
所以迫切需要一种新的等温淬火热处理方法，可以大大提高中铬磨球的韧性。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，通过多级的等温淬火，实现中铬磨球的韧性和强度的大大提升，从而提高了中铬磨球的使用寿命。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题：
本发明的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其为以下步骤：
(1)将中铬磨球在温度为950-980℃下保温15-25min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为800-850℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置15-30S；
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为200-300℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为3-5min；
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中5-10S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。
所述步骤(1)混合气体中氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的体积比为60-70:5-15:10-20:10-20，混合气体的流速为1-3m/s。
所述步骤(2)中氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠的摩尔比为1-2:5-10:1-2，中铬磨球完全浸润到此熔融体内。
所述步骤(3)混合盐中磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛的摩尔比为2-5:15-20:1-2。
所述步骤(4)中浓硫酸的质量分数≥95％，浓硫酸的温度为15-25℃，冷水的温度为5-15℃，喷淋水的最终pH为3-4后停止喷淋。
本发明通过三级的等温处理，在第一级，在高温下，通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体，在高温下，甲烷分解得到氢气和碳，碳会粘附在中铬磨球表面，在氮气的保护下，发生渗碳和碳化反应，同时也发生奥氏体的转化，同时多余的碳会与二氧化碳反应，得到一氧化碳，从而将多余的碳消耗。
本发明的第二级高温热处理过程，将氯化镧和硅酸钠溶解到氯化钠熔融液中，形成熔融溶液，然后将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球完全浸润到熔融体中，则其中的硅与镧会渗透到中铬磨球的表面，形成体相掺杂，微量的镧和硅与中铬磨球表面的金属形成合金。
再放入到温度为200-300℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐，可以有效的减少奥氏体的量，增大马氏体的量，同时也实现磷化和钛的微量掺杂，硬度和韧性大大增加了。
再经过浓硫酸钝化，可以大大降低中铬磨球的表面积，同时在表面形成一个致密的钝化膜，防止氧化。
最终采用本工艺得到的中铬磨球硬度和冲击韧性的数据如下：
| 项目 | 硬度/HRC | 冲击韧性(J/cm<sup>2</sup>) | 自磨耗/％ |
| 数值 | ≥60 | ≥14.5 | ≤0.01％ |
自磨耗的测量方法为将中铬磨球放入到球磨机内转动，装满球磨机容积的80％，然后转动，转速为5r/min，转动100h后，减少的中铬磨球质量与原始装入的中铬磨球的质量之比。
本发明的有益效果：通过多级的等温淬火，实现中铬磨球的韧性和强度的大大提升，从而提高了中铬磨球的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明，本实施例的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其为以下步骤：
(1)将中铬磨球在温度为950-980℃下保温15-25min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为800-850℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置15-30S；
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为200-300℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为3-5min；
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中5-10S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。
所述步骤(1)混合气体中氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的体积比为60-70:5-15:10-20:10-20，混合气体的流速为1-3m/s。
所述步骤(2)中氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠的摩尔比为1-2:5-10:1-2，中铬磨球完全浸润到此熔融体内。
所述步骤(3)混合盐中磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛的摩尔比为2-5:15-20:1-2。
所述步骤(4)中浓硫酸的质量分数≥95％，浓硫酸的温度为15-25℃，冷水的温度为5-15℃，喷淋水的最终pH为3-4后停止喷淋。
实施例1
一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其为以下步骤：
(1)将中铬磨球在温度为965℃下保温20min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为830℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置25S；
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为250℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为4min；
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中9S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。
所述步骤(1)混合气体中氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的体积比为65:8:15:10，混合气体的流速为2.3m/s。
所述步骤(2)中氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠的摩尔比为1.5:8:1.5，中铬磨球完全浸润到此熔融体内。
所述步骤(3)混合盐中磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛的摩尔比为4:17:1.2。
所述步骤(4)中浓硫酸的质量分数≥95％，浓硫酸的温度为22℃，冷水的温度为9℃，喷淋水的最终pH为3.5后停止喷淋。
最终采用本工艺得到的中铬磨球硬度和冲击韧性的数据如下：
| 项目 | 硬度/HRC | 冲击韧性(J/cm<sup>2</sup>) | 自磨耗/％ |
| 数值 | 64 | 15.3 | 0.001％ |
实施例2
一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其为以下步骤：
(1)将中铬磨球在温度为975℃下保温21min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为835℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置20S；
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为275℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为4min；
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中8S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。
所述步骤(1)混合气体中氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的体积比为66:12:16:16，混合气体的流速为2.5m/s。
所述步骤(2)中氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠的摩尔比为1.3:8:1.6，中铬磨球完全浸润到此熔融体内。
所述步骤(3)混合盐中磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛的摩尔比为4:18:1.8。
所述步骤(4)中浓硫酸的质量分数≥95％，浓硫酸的温度为22℃，冷水的温度为12℃，喷淋水的最终pH为3.8后停止喷淋。
最终采用本工艺得到的中铬磨球硬度和冲击韧性的数据如下：
将同样的中铬磨球不经过等温淬火、均采用常规工艺进行淬火以及本发明的实施例1和实施例2的方法处理，得到的中铬磨球进行磨矿实验，磨细至球磨料的物料90％过200目筛，以中铬磨球破碎率达到15％为标准，所磨的矿的质量分别为1000吨、1800吨、2250吨和2500吨，所以可以看出，本发明的实施例1和2得到的中铬磨球的使用寿命大大提高。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (5)
1.一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其特征在于，为以下步骤：
(1)将中铬磨球在温度为950-980℃下保温15-25min，同时通入氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的混合气体；
(2)将步骤(1)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为800-850℃熔融的氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠中，在此熔融体中放置15-30S；
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的中铬磨球放入到温度为200-300℃的磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛混合盐中，放入时间为3-5min；
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的中铬磨球放入到浓硫酸中5-10S后，然后用冷水喷淋至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)混合气体中氮气、水蒸气、二氧化碳和甲烷的体积比为60-70:5-15:10-20:10-20，混合气体的流速为1-3m/s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中氯化镧、氯化钠和硅酸钠的摩尔比为1-2:5-10:1-2，中铬磨球完全浸润到此熔融体内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)混合盐中磷酸钠、硝酸钾和硫酸氧钛的摩尔比为2-5:15-20:1-2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种中铬磨球等温淬火热处理工艺方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中浓硫酸的质量分数≥95％，浓硫酸的温度为15-25℃，冷水的温度为5-15℃，喷淋水的最终pH为3-4后停止喷淋。
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