CN109609197A

CN109609197A - Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process

Info

Publication number: CN109609197A
Application number: CN201910037974.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔英云; 田原宇; 李�杰; 宗培杰; 姜媛; 明雪
Original assignee: China University of Petroleum East China
Current assignee: China University of Petroleum East China
Priority date: 2019-01-16
Filing date: 2019-01-16
Publication date: 2019-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-16
Also published as: CN109609197B

Abstract

Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, the heat carrier of biological particles and supplement less than 5mm enters recirculating fluidized bed bottom, heat solution, burning and gasification reaction are issued at 750--900 DEG C, remaining semicoke and heat carrier are carried with synthesis gas high speed to be gone upward at the top of recirculating fluidized bed, and level Four gas solid separation is then passed through；Filtrate of the bulky grain carrier and semicoke of level-one separation as combustion gas catalyst for cracking and dust removal by filtration returns to turbulent fluidized bed and carries out gasification reaction after isolating ultra-fine ash into moving bed filter, ultra-fine ash is sent outside as Si-K fertilizer product；The small particles carrier and semicoke of the second-order separation are recycled directly back to turbulent fluidized bed, the fine grained outlet of three-level separation is as Si-K fertilizer product, level Four moving bed filter by 700-850 DEG C of a small amount of tar in combustion gas by higher temperature carrier and semicoke collaboration again catalytic pyrolysis at methane, ethane etc. whiles remove ultra-fine ash, purifying gas is sent outside as product.

Description

Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process

1. technical field

Invention provides Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, belongs to biomass energy Field.

2. background technique

China's biomass resource amount is huge, and is a kind of low-sulfur and CO₂The renewable and clean energy resource of " zero-emission ", in the world All play the role of in energy security and carbon emission reduction vital.

As one of the major way that biomass energy scale high-efficiency cleaning utilizes, gasification technology makes the life of low energy densities Substance becomes lower molecular weight high-grade CO, H from solid state transformed₂、CH₄Equal fuel gas, relatively direct burning have burning Stablize, the advantages such as the thermal efficiency is high, pollution is low, especially PM2.5 index is low, can be widely applied to each neck of industrial and agricultural production Domain, such as current central gas supply, for heat and generating power, Industrial Boiler and kiln etc., to realize the deep layer of low-grade biomass energy Secondary utilization reduces consumption of fossil fuels amount, and for improving, life in the countryside is horizontal, improve the ecological environment, ensures national energy security Etc. being of great significance.

The product of gasification of biomass is suitable for the biomass gasification technology for doing combustion gas because scale effect is most suitable for being used as combustion gas There are fixed bed gasification technology and fluidized gasification technology.Fixed bed gasification technical equipment structure is simple, and operating cost is low, biomass High conversion rate generates the secondary pollution of more intractable tar and phenol wastewater up to 98% or more, is suitable for small rule Mould gasification；Fluidized gasification processing capacity and operating flexibility are big, can continuously run, adaptability to raw material is wide, are suitable for big-and-middle rule Mould biological substance vaporizing system combustion gas, but still the tar problem in unresolved combustion gas, additionally, due to serious wear in the process, fluidized bed gas It is high to change dust content in combustion gas；Since biomass leads to the dead bed of the easy coking of fluidized bed rich in potassium, gasification temperature is low to reduce conversion Rate.Therefore, it is badly in need of exploitation gasification efficiency height, tar removing, the integrated gasification substance technology of chalk dust removing.

Biomass abnormity recirculating fluidized bed gasification process (CN102942965A) and the biomass abnormity that the present inventor proposes Circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace (CN103102990A), by by first biomass face hydrogen pyrolysis, then coarse granule be recycled back to it is turbulent fluidised Bed char Gasification, fine grained outlet both solve that gasification of biomass calorific value is low, tar is difficult, small scale is difficult as Si-K fertilizer Topic, and the reasonable utilization silicon and potassium resource of biomass obtain the high combustion gas containing methane, but in feedstock property and operation operating condition Under the operating conditions such as variation, still it is difficult to thoroughly eliminate tar and fine ash, it is difficult to meet the requirement of subsequent power generation and heat supply.And existing tradition The method for eliminating tar and dust in, cyclonic separation dedusting is only capable of removing 5 μm or more of dust, and ultra-fine grain and tar are difficult to It eliminates；Washing can remove tar and dust simultaneously, but will cause phenol wastewater secondary pollution, waste of energy and resource；It fills out The filtering of material formula can remove tar and dust simultaneously, single to need additional filtrate, and filtrate easily blocks, and is covered on the coke on its surface Oil is difficult to clean off, and increases operating cost and investment；Thermal cracking needs to consume Some gases or semicoke generates high-temperature region to promote Tar destruction, and the catalyst carbon deposition of catalytic pyrolysis inactivation, at high cost etc., the low of tar and dust can be eliminated simultaneously by being badly in need of exploitation Energy consumption, the gasification of low cost, detar, dedusting integration process.

3. summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of biomass to overcome deficiency existing for existing biomass gasification technology Recirculating fluidized bed gasification and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, can realize gas high-temperature without additional filtrate and heating Tar removing and dust purification integration, do not generate that phenol water, system thermal efficiency are high, low energy consumption, treatment scale is big.

Technical solution of the present invention:

The purpose of the present invention is the high-temperature fuel gas and pyrolysis char and heat carrier point by will be discharged at the top of recirculating fluidized bed Grade separation, bulky grain is as returning again to recirculating fluidized bed bottom after high-temperature mobile bed performing catalytic pyrolysis on tar and the filtrate of dust removal by filtration Portion, small particles directly return to recirculating fluidized bed bottom and gasify and rise stablizing combustion, and subparticle outlet is as silicon Potash fertilizer, purified combustion gas are substantially free of tar and dust, can be directly used for the fuel of BIGCC power generation or Industrial Boiler, kiln, Generating efficiency or efficiency of combustion are increased substantially, no phenol wastewater secondary pollution is not necessarily to additional filtrate and the energy.It is characterized in that small Enter recirculating fluidized bed bottom in the biological particles of 5mm and the heat carrier of supplement, heat solution, burning are issued at 750--900 DEG C And gasification reaction, remaining semicoke and heat carrier are carried with synthesis gas high speed and are gone upward at the top of recirculating fluidized bed, then pass through level Four Gas solid separation；The bulky grain carrier and semicoke that level-one gas-solid separator is isolated as combustion gas high-temperature catalytic catalyst for cracking and The filtrate of dust removal by filtration isolates the bulky grain carrier and semicoke of ultra-fine ash into moving bed high-temperature filter after then filtering Recirculating fluidized bed bottom is returned to through material returning device and carries out burning and gasification reaction again, and ultra-fine ash is sent outside as Si-K fertilizer product；One The purified thick combustion gas of grade enters second level gas-solid separator, and the small particles carrier and semicoke isolated directly return ciculation fluidized Bed bottom carries out burning and gasification reaction；Thick combustion gas after secondary purification enters three-level gas-solid separator, the fine grained isolated Outlet is also used as Si-K fertilizer product；The purified thick combustion gas of three-level enters level Four moving bed high-temperature filter, by lacking in combustion gas While being cracked into the low molecular hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane by higher temperature carrier and semicoke concerted catalysis at 700-850 DEG C of tar of amount Ultra-fine ash is removed, purifying gas is sent outside as product.

Heat carrier used is flyash, dolomite, olivine, lime stone, zeolite, alkaline-earth metal catalyst, iron-based catalysis One of agent or cheap catalyst or a variety of mixtures.

The present invention carrys out embodiment to describe the features of the present invention in detail.

4. Detailed description of the invention

Attached drawing 1 is process schematic representation of the invention.The drawing of attached drawing is described as follows:

1, biological particles entrance 2, heating medium inlet 3, air distribution plate 4, recirculating fluidized bed 5, level-one gas-solid separator 6, second level gas-solid separator 7, three-level gas-solid separator 8, moving bed high-temperature filter 9, ultra-fine grey separator 10, level-one are returned Glassware 11, second level material returning device 12, purifying gas export 13, ultra-fine Si-K fertilizer products export 14, Si-K fertilizer products export 15, air or oxygen-enriched air and steam entry

Process characteristic of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

5. specific embodiment

Embodiment, by the biological particles and heat carrier that are less than 5mm respectively through biological particles entrance (1) and the heat supplemented Carrier inlet (2) is sent into recirculating fluidized bed (4) bottom, and heat solution, burning and gasification reaction, remnants half are issued at 750--900 DEG C Burnt and heat carrier is gone upward at the top of recirculating fluidized bed (4) with the fuel gas high-speed carrying of generation, then passes through level Four gas solid separation；One The bulky grain carrier and semicoke that grade gas-solid separator (5) is isolated, high-temperature catalytic catalyst for cracking and mistake as combustion gas filter out The filtrate of dirt is isolated after ultra-fine ash through level-one subsequently into ultra-fine grey separator (9) into moving bed high-temperature filter (8) Material returning device (10) returns to recirculating fluidized bed (4) bottom and carries out gasification reaction, and ultra-fine ash is arranged from ultra-fine Si-K fertilizer products export (13) Out；Thick combustion gas after first class purification enters second level gas-solid separator (6), and the small particles carrier and semicoke isolated are returned through second level Glassware (11) directly returns to recirculating fluidized bed (4) bottom and carries out burning of gasifying and stablize；Thick combustion gas after secondary purification enters three Grade gas-solid separator (7), the fine grained isolated is from Si-K fertilizer products export (14) outlet；The purified thick combustion gas of three-level enters Level Four moving bed high-temperature filter (8), will pass through higher temperature carrier at 700-850 DEG C of a small amount of tar in combustion gas and semicoke collaboration is urged Change is sent outside after removing ultra-fine ash while being cracked into the low molecular hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane from purifying gas outlet (12).

Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed provided by the present invention and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, pass through combustion gas It is separated with pyrolysis char and heat carrier, bulky grain returns again to ciculation fluidized after the filtrate as high-temperature mobile bed dust removal by filtration Bed gasification, small particles directly return to recirculating fluidized bed and carry out stablizing burning and gasification reaction, and subparticle outlet is as silicon potassium Fertilizer；Combustion gas obtained by the technique is substantially free of tar and dust, no phenol wastewater secondary pollution, can be directly used for BIGCC power generation or The fuel of Industrial Boiler, kiln increases substantially generating efficiency or efficiency of combustion；Outlet Si-K fertilizer is efficiently solved because of potassium simultaneously Ion leads to the problem of the dead bed of the easy coking of fluidized gasification, and the reasonable utilization silicon and potassium resource of biomass, technical process Simply, heat energy utilization is reasonable, achieves many things at one stroke.

Claims

1. Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, it is characterized in that being less than the biomass of 5mm Particle and the heat carrier of supplement enter recirculating fluidized bed bottom, and heat solution, burning and gasification reaction are issued at 750--900 DEG C, residual Remaining semicoke and heat carrier are carried with synthesis gas high speed to be gone upward at the top of recirculating fluidized bed, and level Four gas solid separation is then passed through；Level-one The bulky grain carrier and semicoke that gas-solid separator is isolated are as the high-temperature catalytic catalyst for cracking of combustion gas and the filter of dust removal by filtration Material isolates the bulky grain carrier of ultra-fine ash after then filtering and semicoke is returned through material returning device into moving bed high-temperature filter Recirculating fluidized bed bottom carries out burning and gasification reaction again, and ultra-fine ash is sent outside as Si-K fertilizer product；It is thick after first class purification Combustion gas enters second level gas-solid separator, and the small particles carrier and semicoke isolated directly return to recirculating fluidized bed bottom and fired Burning and gasification reaction；Thick combustion gas after secondary purification enters three-level gas-solid separator, and the fine grained outlet isolated also is used as silicon Potash fertilizer products；The purified thick combustion gas of three-level enters level Four moving bed high-temperature filter, by a small amount of tar 700-850 in combustion gas Ultra-fine ash is removed while being cracked into the low molecular hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane by higher temperature carrier and semicoke concerted catalysis at DEG C, only Change combustion gas to send outside as product.

2. Biomass Gasification in Circulating Fluidized Bed according to claim 1 and high temperature tar removing dedusting integration process, special Sign is that heat carrier used is flyash, dolomite, olivine, lime stone, zeolite, alkaline-earth metal catalyst, ferrum-based catalyst Or one of cheap catalyst or a variety of mixtures.