CN109607524A - Porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, preparation method and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, preparation method and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN109607524A CN109607524A CN201910095659.2A CN201910095659A CN109607524A CN 109607524 A CN109607524 A CN 109607524A CN 201910095659 A CN201910095659 A CN 201910095659A CN 109607524 A CN109607524 A CN 109607524A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
- C01B2204/32—Size or surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A kind of preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, comprising: prepare graphene powder；The graphene powder is mixed with potassium hydroxide powder, a mixture is obtained, and be heat-treated under argon gas and ammonia atmosphere to the mixture, obtains a reaction product；And the reaction product is washed and dries, obtain the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.The present invention also provides a kind of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material and lithium ion batteries.Porous nitrogen-doped graphene material utilization amount provided by the invention is few, energy density is high and specific capacity is big.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion more particularly to a kind of porous nitrogen-doped graphene materials, porous nitrating
The preparation method and lithium ion battery of grapheme material.
Background technique
Since the 21th century, global economy continues to develop, and energy-output ratio is continuously increased, coal, oil and natural gas
The storage capacity of equal traditional energies is constantly reduced, and energy crisis is got worse.And the burning and exhausting of traditional energy goes out large quantity of exhaust gas,
The problems such as causing haze, greenhouse effects, environmental pollution.Thus developing new energy technology is to solve energy problem and environmental problem
Inevitable choice.
Lithium ion battery is one kind of secondary cell, compared with nickel-metal hydride battery, lead-acid battery, has energy density high, defeated
Out voltage height, good cycle, self discharge it is small, can (- 20 DEG C -60 DEG C) wide with quick charge, operating temperature range, output power
Greatly, long service life, it is environmentally protective the advantages that, lithium ion battery great competitiveness in energy storage device.
Currently, Study on Li-ion batteries problem to be solved is mainly the energy density and power density of battery.In electricity
In the material of pond, positive electrode electric conductivity is often poor, and (conductivity of cobalt acid lithium only has 10-3S·cm-1, and the conductance of LiFePO4
Rate be much smaller than cobalt acid lithium, only 10-9S·cm-1), therefore, in cell manufacturing process, need to add conductive additive to improve
The conductivity of electrode.
In the prior art, it is often used novel conductive additive of the graphene as lithium ion battery.Graphene and activity
Between substance by the way of point face contact, good conductive mesh can be constructed using seldom graphene
Network improves the energy density of battery.However, using graphene as conductive additive in the LiFePO4 system of nano-scale
When, compared to LiFePO4, graphene size is larger, can hinder the transmission of lithium ion in the electrodes.Especially filled in big multiplying power
Under discharging condition, graphene sheet layer is very prominent to the steric effect of lithium ion transport, causes inside battery seriously to polarize, specific volume
Amount substantially reduces.
Summary of the invention
The porous nitrogen-doped graphene material that a kind of dosage is few in view of this, the present invention provides, energy density is high and specific capacity is big
The preparation method of material.
It there is a need to provide the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material that a kind of dosage is few, energy density is high and specific capacity is big.
It there is a need to provide a kind of lithium ion battery using the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
A kind of preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, comprising: prepare graphene powder；By the graphene powder
It is mixed with potassium hydroxide powder, obtains a mixture, and be heat-treated under argon gas and ammonia atmosphere to the mixture, obtain
To a reaction product；And the reaction product is washed and dries, obtain the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Further, the graphene powder and the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide powder are 1:10-1:1.
Further, the graphene powder for preparing includes the following steps: to provide graphite oxide powder and by the oxidation
Powdered graphite is placed in tube furnace；And the graphite oxide powder is heat-treated under vacuum.
Further, the temperature of the heat treatment of the graphite oxide powder is 200-500 DEG C, the graphite oxide powder
Heat treatment time is 1-3h, and heating rate is 7-15 DEG C/min.
Further, the temperature of the heat treatment of the mixture is 500-900 DEG C, the time of the heat treatment of the mixture
For 1-4h, heating rate is 2-10 DEG C/min.
Further, the gas flow of the argon gas is 80-120mL/min, and the gas flow of the ammonia is 10-
100mL/min。
Further, the method for washing the reaction product is to wash the reaction using acid solution and deionized water to produce
Object.
Further, the reaction product is dried in an oven, and drying temperature is 60-90 DEG C, drying time 12-24h.
A kind of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material is using porous nitrating stone as described above
The preparation method of black alkene material is prepared；There are hole, the porous nitratings on the surface of the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
The specific surface area of grapheme material is 400-3000m2g-1, the content of nitrogen is 1wt%- in the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
5wt%.
A kind of lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery include a conductive additive, and the conductive additive includes as above
The porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
The conductive additive of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material prepared by the present invention as nano-scale lithium ion battery, benefit
With the electric conductivity that graphene itself is excellent, meanwhile, the hole on graphene promotes ion transmission of the battery under high magnification,
Meanwhile nitrogen-doped graphene has repaired a part of defect in material due to nitrogen, on the whole than the ordering journey of graphene
Degree is high, to improve the high rate performance of battery, the dosage by reducing conductive additive further improves the energy of battery
Density.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure for the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material that an embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from the embodiment of the present invention 1
(transmission electron microscope, TEM) figure.
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope figure of graphene powder made from comparative example 2 of the present invention；Wherein, Fig. 3 a is 500nm
Under transmission electron microscope figure, Fig. 3 b is the transmission electron microscope figure under 5nm.
Fig. 4 is lithium ion battery using porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from embodiment 1 as conductive additive not
With the specific capacity curve graph under current density.
Fig. 5 is lithium ion battery using porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from embodiment 2 as conductive additive not
With the specific capacity curve graph under current density.
Fig. 6 is lithium ion battery using porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from comparative example 2 as conductive additive not
With the specific capacity curve graph under current density.
Specific embodiment
For can the present invention is further explained reaches the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention taken, below in conjunction with figure
1-3 and better embodiment, to the tool of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material provided by the invention, preparation method and lithium ion battery
Body embodiment, structure, feature and its effect are made as described in detail below.
The present invention provides a kind of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, and the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material can be used as lithium-ion electric
The conductive additive in pond.
Wherein, the surface of the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material has a large amount of hole, the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
The specific surface area of material is 400-3000m2g-1, the content of nitrogen is 1wt%-5wt% in the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Referring to Fig. 1, including the following steps: the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
S1 prepares graphene powder.
Specifically, graphene powder is prepared comprising steps of firstly, providing graphite oxide powder and by the graphite oxide powder
End is placed in tube furnace；Secondly, being heat-treated under cryogenic vacuum to the graphite oxide powder.Wherein, the heat treatment
Temperature be 200-500 DEG C.Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 200-300 DEG C.The heat treatment time is 1-3h.It rises
Warm rate is 7-15 DEG C/min.
Wherein, it after " the graphite oxide powder is placed in tube furnace " the step of, " is carrying out under cryogenic vacuum
Be heat-treated the graphite oxide powder " the step of before, further comprise the steps of: and the gas in the tube furnace be evacuated to negative pressure.
Wherein, it after " carrying out being heat-treated the graphite oxide powder under cryogenic vacuum " the step of, further comprises the steps of:
The graphite oxide powder is cooled to room temperature, to obtain the graphene powder.
Wherein, the graphite oxide can be made by graphite through Hummers method.
The graphene powder is mixed with potassium hydroxide powder, obtains a mixture, and in argon gas and ammonia atmosphere by S2
Under the mixture is heat-treated, obtain a reaction product.
Wherein, the graphene powder and the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide powder are 1:10-1:1.Preferably, the stone
Black alkene powder and the mass ratio of the potassium hydroxide powder are 1:4-1:2.
Wherein, hole is generated on the surface of the graphene powder when potassium hydroxide is used for subsequent washed.If adding
The amount of the potassium hydroxide added is excessive, then the institute that will affect the whole conductivity of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, and obtain
The yield for stating porous nitrogen-doped graphene material is less；If the potassium hydroxide of addition is very few, obtained porous nitrating graphite
The hole on alkene surface is less, can not play the role of promoting ion transmission.
Wherein, the graphene powder can be sufficiently mixed with potassium hydroxide powder by grinding.
Wherein, after " and being heat-treated the mixture under argon gas and ammonia atmosphere, obtain a reaction product " the step of,
It further comprises the steps of: and is cooled to room temperature the reaction product.
In S2, the temperature of the heat treatment is 500-900 DEG C.Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 700-900
℃.The time of the heat treatment is 1-4h.Heating rate is 2-10 DEG C/min.
Wherein, the gas flow of the argon gas is 80-120mL/min, and the gas flow of the ammonia is 10-100mL/
min.Preferably, the gas flow of the ammonia is 10-40mL/min.
S3, washing and the dry reaction product, obtain the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Wherein, the reaction product is washed using acid solution and deionized water, to remove impurity.Wherein, described porous
The specific surface area of nitrogen-doped graphene material is 400-3000m2g-1, the content of nitrogen is in the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
1wt%-5wt%.
In the present embodiment, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution.
In the present embodiment, the reaction product can be dried in an oven.Wherein, drying temperature is 60-90 DEG C, drying
Time is 12-24h.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery using the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, the lithium ion batteries
Including conductive additive, the conductive additive includes the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
The present invention will be specifically described by specific embodiment and comparative example below.
Embodiment 1
Graphite oxide is prepared using Hummers method: the sodium nitrate of the graphite powder of 8g and 4g being placed in 1000mL beaker and is stirred
It mixes, the concentrated sulfuric acid stirring 0.5h of 185mL is slowly added under conditions of ice bath, the potassium permanganate that 32g is added later stirs 2h, adds
Heat is to 35 DEG C until becoming paste.Then the deionized water of 400mL is added dropwise dropwise, after be warming up to 98 DEG C, react 0.5h, most
The aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution of 50mL 30% is added afterwards, the deionized water that 300mL is added dropwise continues to stir 2h.It is cooling to reaction system
Afterwards, filtered, after again plus 5% dilute hydrochloric acid carries out secondary suction filtration, subsequent centrifugal treating, deionized water is washed into
Property to get arrive graphite oxide.
It prepares graphene powder: weighing the graphite oxide 1g and be placed in porcelain boat, the porcelain boat is placed in tube furnace, take out
Gas is warming up to 300 DEG C to negative pressure with the rate of 10 DEG C/min, after keeping the temperature 1h, cooled to room temperature obtains graphene powder.
200mg graphene powder is weighed, 0.8g potassium hydroxide powder is sufficiently mixed by grinding in mortar, will be mixed
Object is put into nickel crucible, and nickel crucible is placed in tube furnace, is continually fed into argon gas and ammonia, argon gas flow 80mL/
Min, ammonia gas flow are 10mL/min, are warming up to 800 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, after keeping the temperature 2h, naturally cool to
Room temperature.
Product dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water that heat treatment obtains are cleaned three times repeatedly, by the porous graphene after washing
It is placed in baking oven, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, and drying time is for 24 hours, to obtain porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 the difference from embodiment 1 is that, the amount of the potassium hydroxide being added in the mortar is 0.4g, remaining
With embodiment 1, obtain being porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 the difference from embodiment 1 is that, be passed through ammonia gas flow be 20mL/min, remaining same embodiment
1, it is not repeating, is obtaining being porous nitrogen-doped graphene material.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the difference from embodiment 1 is that, the gas flow for being passed through ammonia is 0, remaining is with embodiment 1, not superfluous
It states, obtained porous graphene material.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the difference from embodiment 1 is that, potassium hydroxide is added without in the mortar, is not passed through ammonia, remaining
It with embodiment 1, is not repeating, obtained material is grapheme material.
Above-described embodiment 1,2 is obtained into porous nitrogen-doped graphene material and is used for LiFePO4 electricity as conductive additive
Pond, specific preparation process is as follows:
Porous nitrogen-doped graphene powder body material 20mg is weighed, then nanoscale iron phosphate is added in the cell pulverization 2h in NMP
Lithium 880mg stirs 4h, and adding additives PVDF100mg is uniformly mixed in NMP after filtering, is coated on aluminium foil, and at 110 DEG C
Dry 12h in vacuum drying oven；
Electrode slice obtained above is washed into the round pole piece of diameter 12mm as ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode, single circle
The load capacity of LiFePO4 is in 2mg or so on pole piece, and half-cell is assembled in glove box, using lithium metal as cathode.
Assembled half-cell stands 12h, then tests chemical property in blue electric equipment respectively.
Comparative example 2 is obtained into grapheme material and is used for ferric phosphate lithium cell as conductive additive, and surveys its electrification
Learn performance.
Wherein, Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope figure of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material prepared by embodiment 1.Fig. 3 is to compare
The transmission electron microscope figure of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material prepared by example 2.
As seen from Figure 2, there are hole, institutes on the surface for the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains
The diameter for stating hole is 2-8 nanometers, and the presence of described hole promotes the transmission of lithium ion.As seen from Figure 3, comparative example 2
In the surface of grapheme material there is no hole, when conductive additive as lithium ion battery, size is larger, can hinder lithium from
The transmission of son in the electrodes.
Wherein, Fig. 4 is to exist using porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from embodiment 1 as battery made from conductive additive
Specific capacity curve graph under different current densities.Fig. 5 is to add using porous nitrogen-doped graphene material made from embodiment 2 as conduction
Add specific capacity curve graph of the battery made from agent under different current densities.Fig. 6 is with the work of grapheme material made from comparative example 2
The specific capacity curve graph for being battery made from conductive additive under different current densities.
By Fig. 4-6 it is found that specific volume of the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material provided by the invention under the conditions of high rate charge-discharge
It measures bigger than the specific capacity of common grapheme material.
Table 1 is the test data of the electrochemical property test of the corresponding half-cell of embodiment 1.
Table 1
| Current density (C) | Specific capacity (mA h/g) |
| 0.1 | 156 |
| 0.5 | 140 |
| 1 | 127 |
| 2 | 105 |
| 3 | 86 |
| 5 | 60 |
By above-mentioned 1 data of table it is found that the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains is added as conduction
When agent is applied in lithium ion battery, battery can be made to show higher specific capacity and fast charging and discharging characteristic.
Conductive additive of the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material prepared by the present invention as nano-scale lithium ion battery utilizes
Graphene excellent electric conductivity itself, meanwhile, the hole on graphene promotes ion transmission of the battery under high magnification, together
When, nitrogen-doped graphene is since nitrogen has repaired a part of defect in material, on the whole than the ordering degree of graphene
Height, to improve the high rate performance of battery, the energy that the dosage by reducing conductive additive further improves battery is close
Degree.
In addition, the porous graphene material that will be obtained using the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material provided by the invention
Material is applied in lithium ion battery, and under the high magnification of 5C, the specific capacity of lithium ion battery has reached 70mAh g-1。
In addition, the preparation process of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material provided by the invention is simple, it is low in cost, it is easy to accomplish rule
Modelling production.
The above is only better embodiment of the invention, not the limitation to the present invention in any form, though
The right present invention has been that better embodiment is disclosed above, is not intended to limit the invention, any person skilled in the art,
Without departing from the scope of the present invention, when the technology contents using the disclosure above are modified or are modified to
With the equivalent implementations of variation, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification that upper embodiment is done, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material characterized by comprising
Prepare graphene powder；
The graphene powder is mixed with potassium hydroxide powder, obtains a mixture, and to institute under argon gas and ammonia atmosphere
It states mixture to be heat-treated, obtains a reaction product；And
The reaction product is washed and dried, the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material is obtained.
2. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the graphene powder
Mass ratio with the potassium hydroxide powder is 1:10-1:1.
3. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to prepare graphene
Powder includes the following steps:
Graphite oxide powder is provided and the graphite oxide powder is placed in tube furnace；And
The graphite oxide powder is heat-treated under vacuum.
4. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the graphite oxide powder
The temperature of the heat treatment at end is 200-500 DEG C, and the heat treatment time of the graphite oxide powder is 1-3h, heating rate 7-15
℃/min。
5. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heat of the mixture
The temperature of processing is 500-900 DEG C, and the time of the heat treatment of the mixture is 1-4h, and heating rate is 2-10 DEG C/min.
6. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gas of the argon gas
Flow is 80-120mL/min, and the gas flow of the ammonia is 10-100mL/min.
7. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the washing reaction produces
The method of object is to wash the reaction product using acid solution and deionized water.
8. the preparation method of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that dry institute in an oven
Reaction product is stated, drying temperature is 60-90 DEG C, drying time 12-24h.
9. a kind of porous nitrogen-doped graphene material, which is characterized in that the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material uses such as claim
The preparation method of the described in any item porous nitrogen-doped graphene materials of 1-8 is prepared；The porous nitrogen-doped graphene material
Surface is 400-3000m there are hole, the specific surface area of the porous nitrogen-doped graphene material2g-1, the porous nitrating graphite
The content of nitrogen is 1wt%-5wt% in alkene material.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that the lithium ion battery includes a conductive additive, the conductive addition
Agent includes porous nitrogen-doped graphene material as claimed in claim 9.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114068885A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-18 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Graphite material with porous carbon layer and preparation method and application thereof |
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