CN109601484A - A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate - Google Patents
A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of humidifications to cultivate the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, belongs to the Cultivating techniques field of economic forest.This method includes the observation of the storage of kind of worm, humidification cultivation, sexuale and fundatrix, the big step of inoculation four for planting worm.The present invention is cultivated by humidification in conjunction with the existing cultivation for planting worm in production and store method according to the biological characteristics of Chinese gall kind worm and development progress monitors, improved survival rate of kind of worm during preservation, most suitable seed stage is grasped, to increase gallic yield.The present invention has the characteristics that scientific and reasonable, method is easy, strong operability, effect of increasing production are obvious, high efficiency, can scientific, efficiently improve the survival rate of Chinese gall kind worm, promote Chinese gall volume increase, be suitble to promote and apply in production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Cultivating techniques fields of economic forest, and in particular to a kind of humidification, which is cultivated, to be improved Chinese gall kind worm and survive
The method of rate.
Background technique
Chinese gall is Gallnut Aphid feeding on the leaf of Chinese sumac etc., and stimulation leaf texture's hyperplasia is expanded and formed
Insect gall, be the important woods specialty product in China and foreign exchange earning commodity.Chinese gall is rich in tannic acid, is traditional Chinese medicine,
It is the important source material for producing tannic acid and gallic acid series of products, in medicine, chemical industry, mining and metallurgy, agricultural, food, light industry and electricity
It is widely used in the industries such as son.Chinese Gallnuts yield accounts for about 95% of Gross World Product or more, high, of fine quality with tannin acid content,
Amount is big famous, is referred to as " Chinese Gallnuts " in the international market.
Gallic formation must have a times aphid, summer host tree, winter host moss " three elements " and suitable environmental condition,
It is difficult to meet above 3 kinds of biological growth conditions simultaneously under natural conditions, it is therefore desirable to increase yield by artificial culture.Five
Gall nut artificial culture includes kind of 3 aspects of the cultivation of worm cultivation, the cultivation of tree and moss, wherein kind worm cultivation is the most key, directly
Influence gallic yield.Kind worm cultivates point 2 stages, and the 1st stage is cultivated on moss garden；2nd stage was from moss garden
Cultivation after collecting pack, in worm bag.Pay attention to the cultivation on moss garden in Chinese gall production at present, and to the 2nd stage, that is, worm bag
Interior cultivation is paid attention to not enough, the Chinese gall underproduction being caused even to be had no harvest, seriously constrain Chinese gall artificial breeding technique application and
Development.
After traditional viewpoint thinks that will plant worm is collected into worm bag, pipe is not just had to, because kind worm " does not eat not in worm bag
It drinks ".In fact, kind worm worm bag in 30-40 days in, Yao Jingli from the spring move aphid be multiplied into sexuale, sexuale mating, female sexuale friendship
The complex process of fundatrix is developed and is multiplied into after matching, and during this although times aphid does not need feeding, but needs the small of high humility
Environment, dark condition and certain space.In current production, due to thinking little of to this stage, cause kind of worm largely dead
It dies, the Chinese gall underproduction is even had no harvest.Therefore, breeding phase of the Chinese gall kind worm in worm bag, which directly affects, plants surviving for worm
Rate decides current year gallic yield.How overcome the deficiencies in the prior art be the Cultivating techniques field of current economic forest urgently
Problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of humidification cultivate improve Chinese gall kind worm at
The method of motility rate, this method by the humidity of the preservations subenvironment of regulation Chinese gall kind worm worm bag, to the growth course of kind of worm with
The generation of next-generation aphid (i.e. fundatrix) carries out real-time monitoring, improves the survival rate of kind of worm, accurately grasps the inoculation time of kind of worm,
Improve gallic yield.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, includes the following steps:
Step (1) plants the storage of worm: selecting clean, free from extraneous odour, good leak tightness room, the Chinese gall kind worm worm that will have just collected
Bag is placed in bamboo tray, bamboo basket or carton, and stacking thickness must not exceed 20 centimetres, is placed in room, is kept in dark place later；Daily
The worm bag of collection is 1 batch, marks and successively stores respectively by batch；
Step (2), humidification are cultivated: being humidified using humidifier to room air, indoor relative humidity is kept to maintain
Between 80%-90%；
Step (3) observation of sexuale and fundatrix: since the 20th day of storage, extracts 2-3 bags of kind worms every every batch of on the 2nd, beats
Worm bag is opened, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix；When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, show
Breeding is generated fundatrix close to maturation by the development of sexuale；Bag inspection was opened every 1 day later, until observing that fundatrix occurs；
Step (4), plants the inoculation of worm: when beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm worm bag and occurring, within 48 hours by worm bag designated port, hanging up
Onto the trunk or side shoot of host tree, tree feeding on fundatrix is allowed to form Chinese gall.
It is further preferred that the riding position of humidifier and hygronom will be as close to worm bag in step (2).
It is further preferred that in step (3), the observation method of fundatrix is to visually observe or micro- sem observation.
It is further preferred that being observed visually body in black, figure is small compared with sexuale, then is determined as in step (3)
Fundatrix.
It is further preferred that whether observation body can move in the worm of black in step (3), it can such as move, then sentence
It is set to fundatrix.
The storage of step (1) kind worm of the present invention will select clean, free from extraneous odour and good leak tightness room, and room-size is usual
It is 5-15 square metres, the articles that are toxic or having peculiar smell such as storage pesticide, fragrance is avoided in room, avoid that kind of a worm is caused to hurt
Evil.
Step (1) the kind worm worm bag also known as spring of the present invention moves aphid bag, usually has the wing spring to move aphid 100 per packed, worm bag
For kraft paper bag, triangle or cylindricality.
The riding position of humidifier and hygronom will be as close to worm bag in step (2) of the present invention.Purpose is to protect
Worm bag is demonstrate,proved to be in the higher subenvironment of humidity always.
After step (3) of the present invention opens worm bag inspection, sack can encapsulate again, and for being inoculated with.
When mature sexuale breeding generates fundatrix, i.e., when beginning with fundatrix in worm bag and occurring, it is necessary to immediately hang up worm bag
Onto host tree, make tree-like quintupling on fundatrix.If missing this window phase, fundatrix will be dead because of starvation, cause
The a large amount of underproduction of Chinese gall or total crop failure.Mobility is strong within 48 hours for the fundatrix being just born, when fundatrix birth it is small more than 48 when after,
Its mobility will decline quickly, and dead in 3-5 days.
The observation method of fundatrix:
(1) body black, figure are smaller compared with sexuale.The long average body of fundatrix is respectively 0.4 millimeter, is " small black under naked eyes
Point " can move；The long average body of sexuale is respectively 0.6 millimeter, is jade-green " small green point " under naked eyes, does not move usually
It is dynamic.
(2) it can creep, this is and the maximum difference of sexuale.Therefore it can be drawn centered on " pore " in worm bag with pen
Circle, is observed again after 1-2 hours.If it find that " pore " is mobile or leaves drawn circle, shows it to be particularly likely that newly and go out
Raw fundatrix.
(3) it can be seen that foot and mouthpart under microscope.When having had found that it is likely that fundatrix occurs, micro- sem observation can be used, one
As amplify 30-50 times, foot and mouthpart that fundatrix has prosperity, and the movement that can creep can be observed.
The present invention by Gallnut Aphid worm bag in biological characteristics based on, pass through a large amount of comparative test, explore
Scientific and reasonable out, simple and practical method, can effectively improve the survival rate of kind of worm, accurately grasp it is optimal put worm opportunity, have
Effect improves Gallnut yield, realizes gallic high yield and stable yields.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:
(1) Chinese gall kind worm worm bag is placed in the subenvironment of high humility and cultivates by the present invention, improves the survival rate of kind of worm；
(2) present invention carries out real-time monitoring to the kind worm growth course in worm bag, grasps optimal inoculation time, allows kind of worm in work
The most strong Shi Shangshu feeding of kinetic force simultaneously forms gall nut, improves gallic yield.
(3) present invention improves the survival rate of kind of worm by the regulation to the preservation of Chinese gall kind worm and cultivation subenvironment humidity,
By the real-time monitoring to kind of the worm stage of development in worm bag, the most suitable inoculation time of kind of worm is grasped, can effectively improve Chinese gall
Yield.The present invention is suitable for the gallic artificial culture in Chinese Gallnuts producing region, is suitble to large-scale promotion application.The present invention is suitable
For gallic main production type, the cultivation including angle times, tripe times and iron times.
(4) by laboratory comparative test, the results showed that plant the survival rate of worm and the close phase of humidity for saving subenvironment
It closes.By taking the angle of preservation 10 days again female sexuale as an example, the data of relative humidity and survival rate are as follows:
As can be seen that the increase of ambient humidity can significantly improve the survival rate of kind of worm, but when relative humidity is increased to 70% or more
Afterwards, survival rate is not further added by, i.e., relative humidity is 70% or more, the most advantageous to surviving for kind of worm.The present invention considers room face
Product is larger, and humidity does not have subenvironment to be evenly distributed, it is preferred, therefore, that humidity is 80%-90%.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright range.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art
Or it is carried out according to product description.Production firm person is not specified in material therefor or equipment, is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, includes the following steps:
Step (1), plants the storage of worm: selecting clean, free from extraneous odour, good leak tightness, area is 5 square metres of room, will just be collected
Chinese gall kind worm worm bag be placed in bamboo tray, bamboo basket or carton, stacking thickness must not exceed 20 centimetres, be placed in room later
It is interior, it is kept in dark place；The worm bag collected daily is 1 batch, marks and successively stores respectively by batch；
Step (2), humidification are cultivated: being humidified using humidifier to room air, indoor relative humidity is kept to maintain
Between 80%-85%；
Step (3) observation of sexuale and fundatrix: since the 20th day of storage, extracts 2 bags of kind worms every every batch of on the 2nd, opens
Worm bag, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix；When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, showing property
Breeding is generated fundatrix close to maturation by the development of aphid；Bag inspection was opened every 1 day later, until observing that fundatrix occurs；Fundatrix
Observation method be visually observe, with pen by worm bag in " pore " centered on draw a circle, observed again after 1-2 hours.If
It was found that " pore " is mobile or leaves drawn circle, show that it is new born fundatrix；
Step (4), plants the inoculation of worm: when beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm worm bag and occurring, within 48 hours by worm bag designated port, hanging up
Onto the trunk or side shoot of host tree, tree feeding on fundatrix is allowed to form Chinese gall.
Embodiment 2
A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, includes the following steps:
Step (1), plants the storage of worm: selecting clean, free from extraneous odour, good leak tightness, area is 10 square metres of room, will just be collected
Chinese gall kind worm worm bag be placed in bamboo tray, bamboo basket or carton, stacking thickness must not exceed 20 centimetres, be placed in room later
It is interior, it is kept in dark place；The worm bag collected daily is 1 batch, marks and successively stores respectively by batch；
Step (2), humidification are cultivated: being humidified using humidifier to room air, indoor relative humidity is kept to maintain
Between 85%-90%；The riding position of humidifier and hygronom will be as close to worm bag；
Step (3) observation of sexuale and fundatrix: since the 20th day of storage, extracts 3 bags of kind worms every every batch of on the 2nd, opens
Worm bag, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix；When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, showing property
Breeding is generated fundatrix close to maturation by the development of aphid；Bag inspection was opened every 1 day later, until observing that fundatrix occurs；Fundatrix
Observation method be to visually observe, be observed visually body in black, figure is small compared with sexuale, then is determined as fundatrix；
Step (4), plants the inoculation of worm: when beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm worm bag and occurring, within 48 hours by worm bag designated port, hanging up
Onto the trunk or side shoot of host tree, tree feeding on fundatrix is allowed to form Chinese gall.
Embodiment 3
A method of humidification, which is cultivated, improves Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, includes the following steps:
Step (1), plants the storage of worm: selecting clean, free from extraneous odour, good leak tightness, area is 15 square metres of room, will just be collected
Chinese gall kind worm worm bag be placed in bamboo tray, bamboo basket or carton, stacking thickness must not exceed 20 centimetres, be placed in room later
It is interior, it is kept in dark place；The worm bag collected daily is 1 batch, marks and successively stores respectively by batch；
Step (2), humidification are cultivated: being humidified using humidifier to room air, indoor relative humidity is kept to maintain
Between 83%-88%；
Step (3) observation of sexuale and fundatrix: since the 20th day of storage, extracts 2 bags of kind worms every every batch of on the 2nd, opens
Worm bag, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix；When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, showing property
Breeding is generated fundatrix close to maturation by the development of aphid；Bag inspection was opened every 1 day later, until observing that fundatrix occurs；Fundatrix
Observation method be micro- sem observation,, can be with aobvious when having had found that it is likely that fundatrix occurs it can be seen that foot and mouthpart under microscope
Micro mirror observation, general 30-50 times of amplification, fundatrix, which can be observed, flourishing foot and mouthpart, and the movement that can creep.
Step (4), plants the inoculation of worm: when beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm worm bag and occurring, within 48 hours by worm bag designated port,
It hangs up on the trunk or side shoot of host tree, tree feeding on fundatrix is allowed to form Chinese gall.
Application example
The present invention is from 2016-2018, in Chinese forest-science academy's resource insect institute raw material of industry insect assays room experimental study, and
The permanently happy level ground village white deer village villager in Hubei Province Tujia Autonomous County of Wufeng organizes tight Gao Hong, Xinhua, Yunnan Province, the township Niu Zhai, Yanjin County village's pear
Col villager organizes Li Xingyang, Chongqing City, the township Mao Ba, Youyang County hair dam villager organizes 3 Chinese gall kind worms cultivation specialists of Yang Jian appearance and carries out
Test and application, worm bag annual 200000 bags of average out to of quantity or more of application, the results showed that kind worm survival rate increase it is significant, can be with
Effectively facilitate gallic volume increase.
1. the storage of kind of worm.Clean, free from extraneous odour and good leak tightness room is selected, room-size is usually 5-15 squares
Rice usually selects the rooms that humidity are higher, illumination is weak such as room or the basement of Stall.It avoids selecting second floor or more, new finishing
The room for having paint-like flavour or lime taste.Room arrangement and disinfection are carried out in advance.(also known as by the Chinese gall kind worm worm bag just collected
Move aphid bag for the spring, usually there is the wing spring to move aphid 100 per packed, worm bag is kraft paper bag, triangle or cylindricality) be placed in bamboo tray,
In bamboo basket or carton, the stacking of worm bag hereinafter, be placed in room, is kept in dark place with a thickness of 20 centimetres.It marks and receives on worm bag
On the worm date, the worm bag collected daily is 1 batch, is successively stored by batch.
2. humidification is cultivated.It places humidifier indoors and humiture instrument is started or stoped according to the reading of humiture instrument
Humidifier, regulation power size maintain indoor relative humidity between 80%-90%.Usually start humidifier, evening on daytime
Upper closing is restarted on the 2nd day, and power is adjusted according to the reading of room-size, weather condition and hygronom.Biggish room can be put
2-3 humidifier is set, to increase the effect of humidification.Operation is after a few days, so that it may grasp the open and close time and amount of water of humidifier
Equal moving laws.
3. sexuale development progress monitors.Since the 20th day of storage, 2-3 bags of kind worms are extracted every every batch of on the 2nd, are drawn
Worm bag is opened, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix.When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, show
Sexuale will reach maturity, and can breed generation fundatrix quickly.When sexuale body colour gradually blackening, bag inspection was opened every 1 day.It opens
Sack afterwards can encapsulate again, and for being inoculated with.
4. the monitoring that fundatrix occurs.When mature sexuale breeding generates fundatrix, i.e., when beginning with fundatrix in worm bag and occurring,
Worm bag must be hung up in host tree immediately, make tree-like quintupling on fundatrix.If missing this window phase, fundatrix will be dead
It dies, leads to a large amount of underproduction of Chinese gall or total crop failure.The observation method of fundatrix: (1) body black, figure are smaller compared with sexuale.Fundatrix
Long average body is respectively 0.4 millimeter, is " pore " under naked eyes, can move；The long average body of sexuale is respectively 0.6 milli
Rice, is jade-green " small green point " under naked eyes, does not move usually.(2) it can creep, this is and the maximum difference of sexuale.Therefore
It can be drawn a circle centered on " pore " in worm bag with pen, be observed again after 1-2 hours.If it find that " pore " it is mobile or
Drawn circle is left, shows that it is particularly likely that new born fundatrix.It is observed, can be understood using common hand magnifying glass
Differentiation sexuale and emerging fundatrix.(3) it can be seen that foot and mouthpart under microscope.Using common optical microphotograph sem observation,
General 30-50 times of amplification, fundatrix, which can be observed, flourishing foot and mouthpart, and the movement that can creep.
5. the inoculation of kind of worm.When beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm bag and occurring, should be hung up within 48 hours by worm bag designated port
Onto the trunk or side shoot of host tree, fundatrix is allowed to climb out of from designated port, climbs to feeding on the blade newly sprouted along trunk and form five
Gall nut.It is successively inoculated with by the receipts worm time marked on worm bag, the first inoculation first received, the rear inoculation received afterwards.
Due to using the method for real-time of kind worm development progress of the invention, it can accurately grasp kind of worm fundatrix and occur
Time, and when its mobility is most strong inoculation on set, effectively increase gallic yield.It in April, 2017, tries by contrast
It tests and sample investigation, the results showed that after the application present invention, it is 36/bag that kind worm, which averagely survives quantity, without using the present invention
The control worm bag of method, kind worm par is 26/bag, and the average survival for planting worm improves 38.5%, and survival rate improves non-
Chang Xianzhu.According to laboratory results: survival rate and the relative humidity for planting worm are in close relations, when relative humidity is respectively 30%,
50%, 70%, 90% when, female survival rate is respectively 49.27%, 52.95%, 73.02%, 73.05%, it will thus be seen that when relatively wet
When 70% or more degree, kind worm survival rate is not further added by, that is to say, that relative humidity is 70% or more, is had the most to surviving for kind of worm
Benefit.
In September, 2017, Technology Bureau, Wufeng County organizes associated specialist to the worm bag saved using the present invention, after inoculation
Gallnut forest carry out scene survey produce, it is 5.1 times of similar times of forest products amount that Chinese gall per unit area yield, which reaches 256.07 kilograms per acre, increase
Effect highly significant is produced, the target of Chinese gall high yield is realized.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of humidification cultivates the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate, which comprises the steps of:
Step (1) plants the storage of worm: selecting clean, free from extraneous odour, good leak tightness room, the Chinese gall kind worm worm that will have just collected
Bag is placed in bamboo tray, bamboo basket or carton, and stacking thickness must not exceed 20 centimetres, is placed in room, is kept in dark place later；Daily
The worm bag of collection is 1 batch, marks and successively stores respectively by batch；
Step (2), humidification are cultivated: being humidified using humidifier to room air, indoor relative humidity is kept to maintain
Between 80%-90%；
Step (3) observation of sexuale and fundatrix: since the 20th day of storage, extracts 2-3 bags of kind worms every every batch of on the 2nd, beats
Worm bag is opened, checks the development of sexuale and the appearance progress of fundatrix；When the body colour of sexuale gradually becomes black from light green color, show
Breeding is generated fundatrix close to maturation by the development of sexuale；Bag inspection was opened every 1 day later, until observing that fundatrix occurs；
Step (4), plants the inoculation of worm: when beginning with fundatrix in kind of worm worm bag and occurring, within 48 hours by worm bag designated port, hanging up
Onto the trunk or side shoot of host tree, tree feeding on fundatrix is allowed to form Chinese gall.
2. cultivating the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate according to humidification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (2), the riding position of humidifier and hygronom will be as close to worm bag.
3. cultivating the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate according to humidification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (3), the observation method of fundatrix is to visually observe or micro- sem observation.
4. cultivating the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate according to humidification according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (3), body is observed visually in black, figure is small compared with sexuale, then is determined as fundatrix.
5. cultivating the method for improving Chinese gall kind worm survival rate according to humidification according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (3), whether observation body can move in the worm of black, can such as move, then be determined as fundatrix.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110915531A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 湖南新汇制药股份有限公司 | Chinese gall planting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110915531A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 湖南新汇制药股份有限公司 | Chinese gall planting method |
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Application publication date: 20190412 |