CN109593016A - A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function - Google Patents
A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109593016A CN109593016A CN201811621628.8A CN201811621628A CN109593016A CN 109593016 A CN109593016 A CN 109593016A CN 201811621628 A CN201811621628 A CN 201811621628A CN 109593016 A CN109593016 A CN 109593016A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of organic fertilizers using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function, it includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material, 0-30 parts of bacterium bag, 0-30 parts of cow dung and afore-mentioned materials gross weight 3-5 ‰ functional microorganism bacterium powder.Preparation method: it is the following steps are included: step 1, the pretreatment of raw material；Step 2, mixing；Step 3, fermentation；Step 4, curing；Step 5, the addition of function microbial inoculum.The present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as that discarded white mulberry strips recycle and provide a new approach for the resource utilization of white mulberry strips, all big beneficial for the development of ecological environmental protection and green organic agricultural.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field more particularly to a kind of organic fertilizers and its system using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Currently, only Xiangyun County mainly has two, one to more than the 2000 tons of white mulberry strips discarded after annual trimming, processing approach
It is to be burned after concentrating pile to dry, this method not only has pollution to environment, but also there are also security risks；Another kind be with
Discarded culture medium of the white mulberry strips as edible mushroom, carries out Edible Fungi, and this method dosage is less, and after production edible mushroom
Waste bacterial slag handled again again, and the problem of bring new offal treatment.As can be seen that searching out a height
Effect, quickly, overall treatment discard white mulberry strips approach, have become Yunnan Province so that the whole nation carry out silkworm cultivate it is urgently to be resolved
Problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and providing a kind of utilization mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function
Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, can effectively solve the problems, such as that discarded white mulberry strips recycling mentions for the resource utilization of white mulberry strips
A new approach has been supplied, it is all big beneficial for the development of ecological environmental protection and green organic agricultural.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function, it is characterised in that: it includes the original of following parts by weight
Material: 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material, 0-30 parts of bacterium bag, cow dung 0-
30 parts and aforementioned raw material gross weight 3-5 ‰ of functional microorganism bacterium powder.
The functional microorganism bacterium powder bacterium powder is the quality such as bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens compounding；
The deposit number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No.15847；
The deposit number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC No.15848.
It is a kind of using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function organic fertilizer preparation method: it the following steps are included:
Step 1, the pretreatment of raw material: being crushed to 10-20 mesh for white mulberry strips, rapeseed dregs, crop material, cow dung, according to
Each component parts by weight weigh 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, and 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material,
0-30 parts of bacterium bag, 0-30 parts of cow dung are uniformly mixed, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixed raw material is 25-35:1, then uses CaCO3Adjust pH value to
6.0-7.5, moisture content (weight percent) are adjusted to 40-60%；
Mixing: the fermenting agent of material total weight 5-10 ‰, mixing is added in step 2 in the pretreated raw material of step 1
Uniformly；
The fermenting agent includes colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, the stearothermophilus bud that equal mass ratioes are 1:1:1
Spore bacillus；
The preservation registration number of the colloid bacillus cereus is CGMCC NO.15845；
The bacillus subtilis preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15844；
The bacillus stearothermophilus preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15852；
Fermentation: step 3 at least carries out 2 turnings, the fermentation when temperature is down to room temperature in heap daily during the fermentation
Terminate；
Curing: the material that step 3 fermentation is completed is transferred to curing workshop and concentrated and stacked, cured, directly by step 4
It is no longer increased to temperature, moisture content (mass content) drops to 30% hereinafter, fermentation curing is completed；
Step 5, function microbial inoculum addition: micro- in the decomposed function of completing to be added material total weight 3-5 ‰ in material of step 4
Biological bacteria powder, screening is got product after mixing, and the partial size of finished particle is 0.5-2mm.
Further, the crop material is one of corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk or a variety of.
Further, concentrate the heap of stacking 4-5 meters a height of in the step 4.
The present invention has the positive effect that:
1, the present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as that discarded white mulberry strips recycle: discarded white mulberry strips conventional treatment mode at present
It is burn and make edible fungi raw materials to trim white mulberry strips, that is, spends human and material resources and pollute environment, and white mulberry strips cannot be made
It is utilized effectively.Using white mulberry strips as the fermentation raw material of organic fertilizer, and realize industrialization large-scale production, this is just white mulberry strips
Resource utilization provide a new approach, all have greatly for the development of ecological environmental protection and green organic agricultural
Benefit.
2, product processes and technical indicator are excellent: the content of organic matter is high in white mulberry strips, and nutrient content is less, and vegetable seed
Nutrient content is high in the dregs of rice, cow dung, and white mulberry strips, which are assembled fermenting and producing with rapeseed dregs, humic acid, crop material, cow dung and bacterium bag, to be had
Machine fertilizer has complementary advantage, can obtain comparatively ideal carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrients structure, and do not need in product processes
Dry link, can be energy-saving, reduces input cost.Product investment crop field use can efficiently improve soil, reduce two
The generation of black disease and bacterial wilt, can effectively reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.
3, the product quality indicator of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer
It is shown under the product quality indicator such as table of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer through detecting:
Biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer product quality indicator
The above Testing index shows that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer meets the quality standard of NY884, can carry out field use.
4,700 yuan of purchase white mulberry strips per ton, increase by 1,400,000 yuan of income every year for Dali mulberry planter.
5, the measurement of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer rotten degree
Germination percentage test, 50 Chinese cabbage seeds of seeding, place are carried out using biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer and commercially available common organic fertilizer
Reason 1 is biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer leachate；Processing 2 is commercially available common organic fertilizer leachate；Separately clear water is set as control (CK).
It is as shown in the table that germination percentage measures situation:
The measurement of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer germination percentage:
From germination it is found that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer is completely decomposed, root burn seedlings will not be burnt, to crop without poison
Evil effect；Commercially available common organic fertilizer decomposing degree is not high, field using when be possible to damage crop.
Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), preservation registration number are CGMCC No.15847；Depositary institution: China
Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center；Depositary institution address: Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City
No. 3；Preservation date: on June 4th, 2018.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), preservation registration number CGMCC No.15848；Preservation
Unit: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center；Depositary institution address: the Chaoyang District, Beijing City North Star
The institute 3 of West Road 1；Preservation date: on June 4th, 2018.
Colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), preservation registration number CGMCC No.15845；Depositary institution: in
State's Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center；Depositary institution address: BeiChen West Road, Chaoyang District, BeiJing City 1
Institute 3；Preservation date: on June 4th, 2018.
Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) preservation registration number is CGMCC No.15844；Depositary institution: China is micro-
Biological inoculum preservation administration committee common micro-organisms center；Depositary institution address: Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3
Number；Preservation date: on June 4th, 2018.
Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus) preservation registration number CGMCC No.15852；It protects
Hide unit: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center；Depositary institution address: Chaoyang District, Beijing City north
The institute 3 of occasion West Road 1；Preservation date: on June 4th, 2018.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is preparation process flow schematic diagram of the invention；
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but is not limited to the content on specification.
A kind of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function, it is characterised in that: it includes the original of following parts by weight
Material: 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material, 0-30 parts of bacterium bag, cow dung 0-
30 parts and aforementioned raw material gross weight 3-5 ‰ of functional microorganism bacterium powder.Bacterium bag is the culture medium residue dregs after edible mushroom culture.
The functional microorganism bacterium powder bacterium powder is the quality such as bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens compounding；
The deposit number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No.15847；
The deposit number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC No.15848.
It is a kind of using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function organic fertilizer preparation method: it the following steps are included:
Step 1, the pretreatment of raw material: being crushed to 10-20 mesh for white mulberry strips, rapeseed dregs, crop material, cow dung, according to
Each component parts by weight weigh 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, and 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material,
0-30 parts of bacterium bag, 0-30 parts of cow dung are uniformly mixed, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixed raw material is 25-35:1, then uses CaCO3Adjust pH value to
6.0-7.5, moisture content (weight percent) are adjusted to 40-60%；
Mixing: the fermenting agent of material total weight 5-10 ‰, mixing is added in step 2 in the pretreated raw material of step 1
Uniformly；
The fermenting agent includes colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, the stearothermophilus bud that equal mass ratioes are 1:1:1
Spore bacillus；
The preservation registration number of the colloid bacillus cereus is CGMCC NO.15845；
The bacillus subtilis preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15844；
The bacillus stearothermophilus preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15852；
Fermentation: step 3 at least carries out 2 turnings, the fermentation when temperature is down to room temperature in heap daily during the fermentation
Terminate；
Curing: the material that step 3 fermentation is completed is transferred to curing workshop and concentrated and stacked, cured, directly by step 4
It is no longer increased to temperature, moisture content (mass content) drops to 30% hereinafter, fermentation curing is completed；
Step 5, function microbial inoculum addition: micro- in the decomposed function of completing to be added material total weight 3-5 ‰ in material of step 4
Biological bacteria powder, screening is got product after mixing, and the partial size of finished particle is 0.5-2mm.
The crop material is one of corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk or the quality such as a variety of compounding.
Concentrate the heap of stacking 4-5 meters a height of in the step 4.
Illustrated below with specific embodiment.
Specific embodiment 1:
1) pretreatment of raw material: raw material using smashed white mulberry strips, humic acid, rapeseed dregs, crop material (including but not
Be limited to: corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk etc.), bacterium bag and cow dung, the additional amount of each component according to parts by weight are as follows:
50 parts of white mulberry strips, 20 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 20 parts of crop material, 0 part of bacterium bag, 0 part of cow dung, by the carbon-nitrogen ratio of raw material
Adjusting is about 35:1, then uses CaCO3PH value is adjusted to 7.5, moisture content is adjusted to (weight percent) 60%；
2) fermenting agent of material total weight 5 ‰, the fermenting agent mixing: are added in above-mentioned pretreated material
For the organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum of Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s production, such organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum
Being directed to white mulberry strips for Yunnan Province microbial fermentation engineering research center is that fermentation substrate carries out development & production, for the hair of white mulberry strips
Ferment has excellent results.Compost fermentation is carried out in fermentation plant after mixing；
3) it ferments: carrying out 2 turnings, at least daily during the fermentation to meet the oxygen consumption need of strain in fermenting agent
It asks, material generates heating-high temperature-cooling fermentation process, when generating a large amount of mycelia in material, no sharp aroma, temperature in heap
Fermentation ends when being down to room temperature；
4) it cures: in order to further enhance the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer, transferring the material into curing workshop and concentrate stacking (can be with heap
It is high to 4-5 meters) it is cured, until temperature no longer increases, moisture content drops to 30% hereinafter, when inanimate object toxic action, fermentation
Curing is completed；
5) function microbial inoculum adds: the functional microorganism bacterium powder of material total weight 3 ‰ is added in the organic fertilizer of decomposed completion,
The bacterium powder is that having for Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s development prevents and treats two black diseases, bacterial wilt function
The complex microorganism preparations of energy are sieved after mixing to get biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer is arrived.
Specific embodiment 2:
1) pretreatment of raw material: raw material using smashed white mulberry strips, humic acid, rapeseed dregs, crop material (including but not
Be limited to: corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk etc.), bacterium bag and cow dung, the additional amount of each component according to parts by weight are as follows:
30 parts of white mulberry strips, 40 parts of humic acid, 0 part of rapeseed dregs, 0 part of crop material, 30 parts of bacterium bag, 30 parts of cow dung, by the carbon-nitrogen ratio of raw material
Adjusting is about 25:1, then uses CaCO3PH value is adjusted to 6.0, moisture content is adjusted to (weight percent) 40%；
2) fermenting agent of material total weight 5 ‰, the fermenting agent mixing: are added in above-mentioned pretreated material
For the organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum of Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s production, such organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum
Being directed to white mulberry strips for Yunnan Province microbial fermentation engineering research center is that fermentation substrate carries out development & production, for the hair of white mulberry strips
Ferment has excellent results.Compost fermentation is carried out in fermentation plant after mixing；
3) it ferments: carrying out 2 turnings, at least daily during the fermentation to meet the oxygen consumption need of strain in fermenting agent
It asks, material generates heating-high temperature-cooling fermentation process, when generating a large amount of mycelia in material, no sharp aroma, temperature in heap
Fermentation ends when being down to room temperature；
4) it cures: in order to further enhance the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer, transferring the material into curing workshop and concentrate stacking (can be with heap
It is high to 4-5 meters) it is cured, until temperature no longer increases, moisture content drops to 30% hereinafter, when inanimate object toxic action, fermentation
Curing is completed；
5) function microbial inoculum adds: the functional microorganism bacterium powder of material total weight 5 ‰ is added in the organic fertilizer of decomposed completion,
The bacterium powder is that having for Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s development prevents and treats two black diseases, bacterial wilt function
The complex microorganism preparations of energy are sieved after mixing to get biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer is arrived.
Specific embodiment 3:
1) pretreatment of raw material: raw material using smashed white mulberry strips, humic acid, rapeseed dregs, crop material (including but not
Be limited to: corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk etc.), bacterium bag and cow dung, the additional amount of each component according to parts by weight are as follows:
40 parts of white mulberry strips, 30 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of rapeseed dregs, 10 parts of crop material, 15 parts of bacterium bag, 15 parts of cow dung, by the carbon nitrogen of raw material
It is about 30:1 than adjusting, then uses CaCO3PH value is adjusted to 7.0, moisture content is adjusted to (weight percent) 50%；
2) fermenting agent of material total weight 8 ‰, the fermenting agent mixing: are added in above-mentioned pretreated material
For the organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum of Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s production, such organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum
Being directed to white mulberry strips for Yunnan Province microbial fermentation engineering research center is that fermentation substrate carries out development & production, for the hair of white mulberry strips
Ferment has excellent results.Compost fermentation is carried out in fermentation plant after mixing；
3) it ferments: carrying out 2 turnings, at least daily during the fermentation to meet the oxygen consumption need of strain in fermenting agent
It asks, material generates heating-high temperature-cooling fermentation process, when generating a large amount of mycelia in material, no sharp aroma, temperature in heap
Fermentation ends when being down to room temperature；
4) it cures: in order to further enhance the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer, transferring the material into curing workshop and concentrate stacking (can be with heap
It is high to 4-5 meters) it is cured, until temperature no longer increases, moisture content drops to 30% hereinafter, when inanimate object toxic action, fermentation
Curing is completed；
5) function microbial inoculum adds: the functional microorganism bacterium powder of material total weight 4 ‰ is added in the organic fertilizer of decomposed completion,
The bacterium powder is that having for Fermentation Research Center Yunnan Co., Ltd.'s development prevents and treats two black diseases, bacterial wilt function
The complex microorganism preparations of energy are sieved after mixing to get biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer is arrived.
Biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer field of the invention uses effect:
The utilization effect of embodiment 1: increasing using white mulberry strips is the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer of primary raw material to tobacco leaf production
It influences
From the target of tobacco-growing soil child care, organic matter nutrient is carried out using the mode for increasing biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion source (functional) organic fertilizer
Supplement study its shadow to leaf tobacco production in conjunction with tobacco breeding time is short, biomass is big, nutrient demand Relatively centralized rule
It rings, the coordinated development of service industry and agricultural.
1, materials and methods
1.1, test site
Test site: Dali state Xiangyun County auspicious cities and towns Rui Jiaying villagers' committee Wang Jiahe, height above sea level 1977m,
25.446865°N,100.582918°E.Preceding crop is garlic and semen viciae fabae, and test tobacco field plants flue-cured tobacco throughout the year.
1.2, demonstration kind: cloud and mist 87
1.3 for trying fertilizer
Tobacco is compound fertilizer dedicated: N-P2O5-K20 is 12-10-25；Biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer.
1.4 experimental design
In such a way that same field compares, to increasing 50kg/ mus of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer, 75kg/ mus 100kg/ mus and do not apply
It is handled with organic fertilizer setting, each processing is other than organic manure application rate is different, other seeding row spacings and cultivation management measure are all
It is executed according to local sound tobacco production standard.About 200 ㎡ of each processing area amounts to about 2 mu.Specific process content is as follows
Table:
1 experimental design of table
| Processing | Increase fertilizer application amount |
| A | Conventional fertilizer application+50kg/ mus of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer |
| B | Conventional fertilizer application+75kg/ mus of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer |
| C | Conventional fertilizer application+100kg/ mus of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer |
| D | Conventional fertilizer application |
1.5, field management: field management work is carried out by Yunnan High Quality Tobacco production specifications, when accomplishing uniformly to transplant
Between, unified field management, unified maturation adopt it is roasting.In terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, one-processing three not applying pesticides, processing four are handled
According to disease a situation arises normal applying pesticides.
2, survey item and method
2.1, economical character is investigated
It layouts to each processing according to " S " type, cigarette strain takes 5 plants at random, and the Agronomic characteristic of squaring period cigarette strain is recorded in observation,
Such as plant height, stem girth, the number of sheets, blade length and width, influence of the applying organic manure material to tobacco agronomy character is inquired into.
2 economical character analysis of variance table of table
Note: means standard deviation mark in same row, lowercase indicate significant difference in p=0.05 level.
From the point of view of the investigation result of squaring period economical character, each processing economical character overall performance is followed successively by place from high to low
It manages C > processing B > processing A > and handles D.
2.3 disease survey statistics
The incidence of each processing cigarette strain, statistics disease incidence and sick grade index are investigated, understands applying organic manure material to cigarette strain
Resistance influence.
Table 3 respectively handles Pests
It is analyzed from the disease resistance of entire growing stage, overall performance is followed successively by from high to low at processing C > processing B >
It manages A > and handles D, effect is best especially in the disease resistance of balck shank and bacterial wilt by processing C, it can be seen that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer
It has certain effect for improving column of smoke entirety resistance, can partially substitute the application of pesticide, have for balck shank and bacterial wilt
There is preferable preventive effect.
2.4 yield and quality investigation statistics
It looks into each processing selection core survey area and adopts roasting, foundation " 42 grades of national flue-cured tobacco grade scales " respectively
Classification, and yield and the output value are counted, study influence of the applying organic manure material to flue-cured tobacco economic characters.
4 tobacco leaf Output value statistical form of table
From Output value situation from the point of view of, processing C average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value, first-class cigarette, upper medium grade cigarette ratio etc. side
Face shows highest, and processing A and processing B take second place, and handles the minimum of B.Totally carry out Output value performance and is followed successively by processing C > from high to low
It handles B > processing A > and handles D.
3, Test Summary
The survey showed that for economical character, and organic fertilizer has fertilizer conservation effect, ensure that the normal growth of cigarette strain, is buddingging
Economical character overall performance afterwards is slightly better than check plot conventional fertilizer application.But all in all respectively handle economical character applying organic manure
100kg/ mu behave oneself best.
Pests the result shows that, because rainy season in this year come morning, especially 6,7, August part rainfall it is especially big, in height
Cause each processing disease incidence all very high in the case where warm high humidity, especially common mosaic disease incidence highest.As a whole
Increase biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer to increase to the resistance of cigarette strain, can partially substitute the application of pesticide, for balck shank and
Bacterial wilt especially has good preventive effect.
Tobacco economic characters investigation shows that the economic characters for increasing biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer are slightly above conventional fertilizer application
Economic characters, but see that 100kg/ mus of the applying organic manure economic characters for being conducive to flue-cured tobacco are formed and improved on the whole.
The utilization effect of embodiment 2: biological organic series fertilizer contrast test of fertilizer efficiency
1, purpose and meaning
To meet tobacco leaf industrial production raw material demand as target, in conjunction with producing region cured tobacco production reality, in Dali auspicious cloud Rui man
Base unit sets up Project Areas, using tobacco grower cooperative society as the carrier of Technique Popularizing and service, from tobacco-growing soil child care, adopts roasting one
Change, green prevention and control etc. are started with, and gradually being constructed in the form of Demonstration And Extension with industrial requirement is the leaf tobacco production technology being oriented to
System, management system and service system help peasant household and producing region company to produce and meet industrial requirements, superior in quality tobacco leaf,
Persistently to meet for the purpose of cigarette brand development is to quality raw materials demand in Hunan, promote the sustainable development of producing region leaf tobacco production,
Specially formulate the technical solution of this project.
2,1, material and method
2.1, test site: demonstration place: Dali state Xiangyun County auspicious cities and towns Rui Jiaying villagers' committee, height above sea level
1989.9m,25.456563°N,100.578913°E.Preceding crop is garlic and semen viciae fabae, and test tobacco field plants flue-cured tobacco throughout the year.
2.2, experimental cultivar: cloud and mist 87
2.3, material to be tested: cloud leaf share offer tobacco is compound fertilizer dedicated, N-P2O5-K20 is respectively 12-10-25；With
White mulberry strips are the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer of primary raw material；The quotient that auspicious cloud county town river tobacco grower's integrated service farmer specialized cooperative society provides
Product organic fertilizer.
2.4 test areas: 20 mu of demonstration area area.
2.5 experimental design
Demonstration area is set by the way of small area demonstration, does not set repetition, demonstration area is respectively adopted in conventional fertilizer application situation
The lower appropriate amount of application for reducing chemical fertilizer, applying organic manure: (T1) subtracts 10Kg to fertilize per acre, increases biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer
50Kg；(T2) subtract 10Kg to fertilize per acre, increase Commodity Organic Fertilizer 200Kg；It (CK) is control with local conventional fertilizer application.Two
The demonstration area of demonstration group is total up to 20 mu.Fertilising situation is as follows:
The fertilising situation of table 5
2.6 field management: field management work is carried out by Yunnan High Quality Tobacco production specifications, when accomplishing uniformly to transplant
Between, unified field management, unified maturation adopt it is roasting.In terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, applying pesticides, CK are not sent out according to pest and disease damage by T1 and T2
Raw feature applying pesticides.
2.7 survey items and method
2.7.1 economical character is investigated
Representational 15 plants of cigarette strain of the selection in demonstration area, the long and wide mode for selecting whole Blade measurings in blade face, remaining
Index strict implement YC/T 142-2010 investigates economical character (plant height, leaves number, maximum leaf length and wide, field maximum blade face
Product coefficient).To observe and record economical character of the cigarette strain under the ecological condition of Xiangyun County.
2.7.2 the economic performance investigation of tobacco leaf
Demonstration area individually adopt it is roasting, be classified binding, paid according to acquisition criteria, count Output value, to understand demonstration area cigarette strain
Economic performance.
2.7.3 inherent quality of tobacco leaf is evaluated
Choose representational cigarette strain positioning listing mark and leave and take inferior leads, middle leaf, upper leaf, adopt it is roasting after collect it is whole
Reason, the tobacco leaf of 2kg is respectively stayed according to position, for detecting the evaluation of inherent ingredient and industrial applicability, understands cigarette strain inherent quality.
2.8 Demonstration Summary
2.8.1 it demonstrates the technical measures performance taken；
2.8.2 demonstration leaf tobacco production is as a result, agronomic trait, economic indicator, presentation quality, intrinsic chemical ingredient； 2.8.3
Demonstration is in progress and analysis of problems, the suggestion to following work.
3, investigation and record
The investigation of 3.1 economical characters
6 economical character analysis of variance table of table
Note: means standard deviation mark in same row, lowercase indicate significant difference in p=0.05 level.
From the point of view of the investigation result for adopting roasting economical character early period, adopt respectively handle roasting early period economical character overall performance from height to
It is low to be followed successively by processing T2 > processing CK > processing T1.
3.2, resistance and pest and disease damage difference
Table 7 respectively handles Pests
Processing T1 disease incidence is lower compared with T2 and CK as can be seen from Table 7, and highest disease incidence is T2.It can be seen that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function
Energy organic fertilizer can effectively increase cigarette strain resistance, in the case where not applying pesticides, the processing of disease resistance and applying pesticides
CK is especially preferable to the preventive effect of climacteric spot, mosaic disease and balck shank compared to advantageously, and the equally not place of applying pesticides
Reason T2 does not have disease resistance but.
3.3 yield and quality investigation statistics
It looks into each processing selection core survey area and adopts roasting, foundation " 42 grades of national flue-cured tobacco grade scales " classification respectively, and unite
Yield and the output value are counted, influence of the applying organic manure material to flue-cured tobacco economic characters is studied.
8 tobacco leaf Output value statistical form of table
Output value as can be seen from Table 8 handles T1 in average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value, first-class cigarette, upper medium grade cigarette ratio
Etc. performance highest；Processing T2 takes second place, and handles the minimum of CK.Totally carry out Output value performance and is followed successively by processing T1 > from high to low
It handles T2 > and handles CK.4, it summarizes and discusses
The survey showed that for economical character, due to after transplanting early period arid, temperature it is high, have the appearance of early blossoming phenomenon, cause
Cigarette strain slow growth.Later period continues rainfall, and it is early to pinch, and cigarette strain is not high, phenomenon of turning green occurs, and leads to demonstration area and check plot cigarette
Strain growing way difference is unobvious.
Pests the result shows that, because rainy season in this year come morning, especially 6,7, August part rainfall it is especially big, in height
Cause each processing disease incidence all very high in the case where warm high humidity, especially check plot common mosaic disease incidence highest, increases
Commodity Organic Fertilizer rust and weather spot disease disease incidence highest increase biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer oriental tobacco budworm disease incidence highest.
It is best that aggregate performance increases biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer disease resisting effect, followed by check plot, increases Commodity Organic Fertilizer disease resisting effect
It is worst.
From the point of view of tobacco economic characters investigation, the economic characters for increasing Commodity Organic Fertilizer and biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer are omited
Higher than the economic characters of conventional fertilizer application, but see that base fertilizer increases biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion functional organic fertilizer 50kg per acre and relatively increases 200kg on the whole
The economic characters that Commodity Organic Fertilizer is more advantageous to flue-cured tobacco are formed and are improved, while can reduce applying for 10kg/ mus of chemical fertilizer
With.
Obviously, above embodiment of the invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be
Restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description also
It can make other variations or changes in different ways.Here all embodiments can not be exhaustive.It is all to belong to this
The obvious changes or variations that the technical solution of invention is extended out are still in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function, it is characterised in that: it includes the raw material of following parts by weight:
30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material, 0-30 parts of bacterium bag, 0-30 parts of cow dung
And the functional microorganism bacterium powder of aforementioned raw material gross weight 3-5 ‰；
The functional microorganism bacterium powder bacterium powder is the quality such as bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens compounding；
The deposit number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No.15847；
The deposit number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC No.15848.
2. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function according to claim 1: it is special
Sign is: it the following steps are included:
The pretreatment of raw material: white mulberry strips, rapeseed dregs, crop material, cow dung are crushed to 10-20 mesh, according to each component by step 1
Parts by weight weigh 30-50 parts of white mulberry strips, and 20-40 parts of humic acid, 0-40 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0-20 parts of crop material, bacterium bag 0-
It 30 parts, 0-30 parts of cow dung, is uniformly mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixed raw material is 25-35:1, then uses CaCO3PH value is adjusted to 6.0-
7.5, moisture content (weight percent) is adjusted to 40-60%；
Step 2, mixing: being added the fermenting agent of material total weight 5-10 ‰ in the pretreated raw material of step 1, and mixing is equal
It is even；
The fermenting agent includes colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, the stearothermophilus gemma bar that equal mass ratioes are 1:1:1
Bacterium；
The preservation registration number of the colloid bacillus cereus is CGMCC NO.15845；
The bacillus subtilis preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15844；
The bacillus stearothermophilus preservation registration number is CGMCC NO.15852；
Fermentation: step 3 at least carries out 2 turnings, the fermentation ends when temperature is down to room temperature in heap daily during the fermentation；
Curing: the material that step 3 fermentation is completed is transferred to curing workshop and concentrated and stacked, cured, until temperature by step 4
Degree no longer increases, and moisture content (mass content) drops to 30% hereinafter, fermentation curing is completed；
Step 5, function microbial inoculum addition: in the decomposed functional microorganism for completing that material total weight 3-5 ‰ is added in material of step 4
Bacterium powder, screening is got product after mixing, and the partial size of finished particle is 0.5-2mm.
3. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function according to claim 2, special
Sign is: the crop material is one of corn stover, rice straw, broad bean stalk or a variety of.
4. a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer using mulberry branch exploitation biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function according to claim 2: it is special
Sign is: the step 4, in curing, concentrates the heap of stacking 4-5 meters a height of.
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| CN110759765A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 云南云叶化肥股份有限公司 | Organic fertilizer inclined plane fermentation method |
| CN112029678A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Compound microbial agent and application thereof in prevention and treatment of ginger bacterial wilt |
| CN113735649A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-12-03 | 云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司 | Preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer |
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