CN109590383A - A kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method - Google Patents
A kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109590383A CN109590383A CN201811361586.9A CN201811361586A CN109590383A CN 109590383 A CN109590383 A CN 109590383A CN 201811361586 A CN201811361586 A CN 201811361586A CN 109590383 A CN109590383 A CN 109590383A
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- sheet metal
- metal part
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- mold
- shaped sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming methods, the method comprise the steps that preparing mold according to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size to be prepared；According to the size of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, processing is amplified to the type chamber of mold；Cut plate needed for preparing special-shaped Sheet Metal Part；Mold is mounted on superplastic forming equipment；Plate is put on lower mold, upper mold downlink is heated and controlled with preset temperature, pushes the downward mould curved surface position movement of plate until the upper mold and lower mold clamping；According to default processing conditions to after molding mold and plate handle, special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is prepared；By special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and mold separation；Excision remainder punching is machined out to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, obtains special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.This method preparation special-shaped Sheet Metal Part parts size precision, type face precision, surface quality, processing efficiency and in terms of all have significant advantage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to accurate panel beating technical field more particularly to a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming sides
Method.
Background technique
Aluminium alloy is because having excellent service performance, in fields such as aerospace, rail traffic, weaponrys using very
Extensively.In aerospace field, the integration of aluminum alloy complex type face Sheet Metal Part type component product, light weight degree are got over
Come it is higher, the accuracy of manufacture require it is also higher and higher.
In sheet material forming field, aluminum alloy sheet metal component often mainly has cold forming and welding to shape two kinds with manufacturing method.By
It is not high in aluminium alloy elongation percentage, rebound it is larger, cold forming preparation aluminum alloy sheet metal component be easy cracking, generate larger rebound, ruler
Very little precision and type face precision are difficult to ensure.Welding forming structural strength is difficult to ensure that surface quality is not high, and weight loss effect is poor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the present invention is a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method is provided, it is existing to solve
There is the above problem present in technology.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming methods, wherein
The described method includes: preparing mold according to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size to be prepared；Wherein, the mold include upper mold and
The edge of lower mold, the upper mold and the lower mold includes weight loss groove, locating slot and flanging, is also set on the upper mold
It is equipped with air intake duct and gas outlet；According to the size of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, processing is amplified to the type chamber of the mold；
Plate needed for cutting prepares the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part；The mold is mounted on superplastic forming equipment, wherein upper mold
Non- molding state is kept between lower mold；The plate is put on the lower mold, is heated and is controlled with preset temperature
The upper mold downlink pushes the plate to be moved to the lower mould curved surface position until the upper mold and the lower mold
Molding；According to default processing conditions to after molding the mold and the plate handle, special-shaped metal plate knot is prepared
Component middleware；By the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and the mold separation；Among the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part
Part is machined out excision remainder punching, obtains the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
Optionally, the size amplification quantity of the type chamber of the mold is 3 ‰~7 ‰.
Optionally, the step of plate needed for the cutting prepares the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, comprising: according to the abnormity
The cavity dimension of Sheet Metal Part size and the mold calculates the expanded view of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part；From metal plate plate
Cutting obtains the corresponding sub- metal plate plate of the expanded view；The sub- metal plate plate is cleared up, polishes to obtain described in preparation
Plate needed for special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
Optionally, it is described according to default processing conditions to after molding the mold and the plate handle, prepare
The step of obtaining special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, comprising: open the upper mold air inlet and simultaneously close off the upper mold
Venthole, the intake valve for opening the superplastic forming equipment pressurize to the mold by the air inlet, the mold
Middle pressure reaches the subsequent continuation of insurance pressure preset duration of preset pressure, and special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is prepared.
Optionally, it is described by the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and the mold separation the step of, comprising: open institute
The air inlet and the intake valve of upper mold described in the outlet bore closure of upper mold are stated, heating furnace stopping is closed and the mold is added
Heat；Mold described in circulating water by the superplastic forming equipment；Opening the heating furnace door makes the upper mold uplink
Afterwards, the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is taken out.
Optionally, described that excision remainder punching is machined out to the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, obtain the abnormity
The step of Sheet Metal Part, comprising: the flat plate margin of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is removed using machining mode；
Surface cleaning is carried out to the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware after removal flat plate margin using alkali cleaning, acid cleaning process, is obtained
The abnormity Sheet Metal Part.
Optionally, the metal plate plate is model aluminum alloy plate materials.
Optionally, the preset temperature is 450 DEG C~470 DEG C.
Optionally, the upper mold downstream rate is 5mm/s, and the preset pressure is 50 tons, the ventilated source of intake valve
For argon gas, the argon pressure is 1~3MPa.
Optionally, the material of the mold is 5CrMnMo or 5CrNiMo hot die steel.
The invention has the following advantages that
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming methods, are prepared using superplastic forming method
Special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, compared with cold forming, can effectively avoid rebound, cracking the defects of generation；Compared with welding forming, at
Shape precision and integral strength are higher；Using the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part of superplastic forming method preparation in parts size precision, type face
Precision, surface quality, processing efficiency and manufacturing cost etc. all have significant advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of step flow chart of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is special-shaped Sheet Metal Part and corresponding mould overall schematic；
Fig. 3 is plate scheme of installation needed for special-shaped Sheet Metal Part；
Fig. 4 is upper mold bottom surface schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is lower mold upper bottom surface schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to disclosed by the invention
Embodiment is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig.1, the step of showing a kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method described in the embodiment of the present invention
Flow chart.
It is provided in an embodiment of the present invention abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method the following steps are included:
Step 101: preparing mold according to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size to be prepared.
It is illustrated for preparing some large scale negative angle abnormity Sheet Metal Part in the embodiment of the present invention.The abnormity
The structural schematic diagram of the shape of Sheet Metal Part and corresponding upper mold, lower mold is shown in Fig. 2.Special-shaped Sheet Metal Part includes: entirety
Globoidal structure, upper multiple cuboid projecting slots, while each projecting slot have inverted groove, and front edge has strip arc
Slot.Wherein, grinding tool includes upper mold 201 and lower mold 202, the edge of upper mold 201 and lower mold 202 include weight loss groove,
Locating slot and flanging are additionally provided with air intake duct and gas outlet on upper mold.It is prepared using superplasticity method by the mold
Special-shaped Sheet Metal Part is shown in shown in Fig. 2 203.
The bottom surface schematic diagram of upper mold is as shown in figure 4, be provided with tongue 2011 and blank holder on the bottom surface of upper mold
2012, as shown in figure 3, the edge of upper mold is additionally provided with weight loss groove 2013.Upper bottom surface schematic diagram such as Fig. 5 institute of lower mold
Show, on the upper bottom surface of lower mold in addition to being provided with locating slot 2021, is additionally provided with type chamber 2022.
The material of mold can be 5CrMnMo or 5CrNiMo hot die steel.
The sheet material for preparing special-shaped Sheet Metal Part can be aluminium alloy, can be more preferably model 5083
Aluminium alloy, this kind of aluminum alloy materials specifically good ductility and plasticity.During specific implementation, it is not less than preparing wall thickness
When 3.5mm abnormity Sheet Metal Part, the width and length direction maximum distance of aluminum alloy plate materials need to be respectively 900mm and
3100mm, wall thickness 4mm.
Step 102: according to the size of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, processing being amplified to the type chamber of mold.
The size amplification quantity of the type chamber of mold is 3 ‰~7 ‰, preferably sets 5 ‰ for amplification quantity.
Step 103: cutting plate needed for preparing special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
The mode of plate needed for a kind of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part of preferably cutting preparation is as follows:
Firstly, calculating the exhibition of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part according to the cavity dimension of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size and mold
Open figure；
The corresponding sub- metal plate plate of the expanded view is obtained secondly, cutting from metal plate plate；
Metal plate plate may be aluminum alloy plate materials.
Finally, sub- metal plate plate is cleared up, polish to obtain prepare special-shaped Sheet Metal Part needed for plate.
Step 104: mold is mounted on superplastic forming equipment.
Wherein, non-molding state is kept between upper mold and lower mold.Superplastic forming equipment is used for the plate being put into mold
Expect after the operation such as being heated, being pressurizeed, completes moulding.
Step 105: plate being put on lower mold, is heated with preset temperature and controls upper mold downlink, pushing plate
Expect downward mould curved surface position movement until upper mold and lower mold clamping.
After plate 204 needed for special-shaped Sheet Metal Part is put on lower mold 202, structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3.Its
In, the size of plate 204 can be with are as follows: length 3100mm, wide 1200mm, wall thickness 4mm.
Plate 204 is put under superplastic forming on mold 202 and closes the heating furnace door of superplastic forming equipment and heated, and surpasses
Modeling forming temperature can choose 480 DEG C, reach held for some time after temperature.Upper mold downlink pushes the downward mould curved surface of plate
Position feeding, feed speed can be set to 5mm/s, until upper/lower die molds, the slab edge after molding is compacted, upper mold
Have air inlet and opens outlet bore closure simultaneously.
Preset temperature, that is, superplastic forming temperature, preset temperature can be set to 450 DEG C~470 DEG C；Upper mold downstream rate is removed
It can be set to outside 5mm/s, may be arranged as other values, such as 4mm/s or 6mm/s etc., specific velocity amplitude can be by this field
Technical staff is configured according to actual needs.
Step 106: according to default processing conditions to after molding mold and plate handle, special-shaped metal plate is prepared
Structural member middleware.
It is processed to the plate after molding, it, can be by as follows when obtaining special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware
Operation is completed: being opened the venthole that upper mold air inlet simultaneously closes off the upper mold, is opened the intake valve of superplastic forming equipment
It is pressurizeed by air inlet to the mold, pressure reaches the subsequent continuation of insurance pressure preset duration of preset pressure in mold, and plate exists
The lower forming of pressure effect, is finally prepared special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware.
Preferably, preset pressure is 50 tons, and the ventilated source of intake valve is argon gas, and argon pressure is 1~3MPa.
1~3MPa is set by argon pressure in this kind of preferred embodiment, special-shaped Sheet Metal Part forming efficiency can be made than existing
There is technology to improve 20%.
Step 107: by special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and mold separation.
When by special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and mold separation, the outlet bore closure upper mold of upper mold can be first turned on
The air inlet and intake valve of tool close heating furnace and stop heating mold；Then, pass through the circulating water of superplastic forming equipment
Mold；Finally, taking out special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware after opening heating furnace door makes upper mold uplink.
Step 108: excision remainder punching being machined out to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, obtains special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
Excision remainder punching is machined out to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, when obtaining special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, specifically may be used
The flat plate margin of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is removed in a manner of using machining；Using alkali cleaning, acid cleaning process to removal
Special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware after flat plate margin carries out surface cleaning, obtains special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
The special-shaped Sheet Metal Part provided through the embodiment of the present invention aluminium alloy abnormity sheet metal component formed thereby, dimensional accuracy
For ± 0.1mm, type face precision ± 0.3mm, surface roughness Ra 3.2, wall thickness is can be controlled inIt is different compared to aluminium alloy
Shape sheet metal component production method, cost can save 20%, and efficiency can be improved 15%, and preparation gained aluminium alloy abnormity sheet metal component can loss of weight
10%.Good integrity, parts size precision, type face precision and surface quality are higher；Moreover, use superplastic forming can be with
Effectively control wall thickness local reduction, plays obvious weight loss effect；In addition, following process amount can be effectively reduced using superplastic forming,
It improves efficiency, reduces cost.
It is provided in an embodiment of the present invention to use the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part of superplastic forming method preparation compared with cold forming
The generation for the defects of effectively avoiding rebound, cracking；Compared with welding forming, forming accuracy and integral strength are higher；Using super modeling
The special-shaped Sheet Metal Part of manufacturing process preparation is in parts size precision, type face precision, surface quality, processing efficiency and manufacture
Cost etc. all has significant advantage.
The above, optimal specific embodiment only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Mold is prepared according to special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size to be prepared；Wherein, the mold includes upper mold and lower mold, institute
The edge for stating upper mold and the lower mold includes weight loss groove, locating slot and flanging, is additionally provided with air inlet on the upper mold
Road and gas outlet；
According to the size of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, processing is amplified to the type chamber of the mold；
Plate needed for cutting prepares the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part；
The mold is mounted on superplastic forming equipment, wherein non-molding state is kept between upper mold and lower mold；
The plate is put on the lower mold, the upper mold downlink is heated and controlled with preset temperature, pushes institute
Plate is stated to be moved to the lower mould curved surface position until the upper mold and the lower mold clamping；
According to default processing conditions to after molding the mold and the plate handle, special-shaped sheet metal structural is prepared
Part middleware；
By the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware and the mold separation；
Excision remainder punching is machined out to the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware, obtains the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
2. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the type chamber of the mold
Size amplification quantity be 3 ‰~7 ‰.
3. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutting prepares institute
The step of plate needed for stating special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, comprising:
The exhibition of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part is calculated according to the cavity dimension of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part size and the mold
Open figure；
It is cut from metal plate plate and obtains the corresponding sub- metal plate plate of the expanded view；
The sub- metal plate plate is cleared up, polish to obtain prepare the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part needed for plate.
4. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to add according to default
Work condition to after molding the mold and the plate handle, the step of special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is prepared
Suddenly, comprising:
The venthole that the upper mold air inlet simultaneously closes off the upper mold is opened, the air inlet of the superplastic forming equipment is opened
Valve pressurizes to the mold by the air inlet, in the mold pressure reach preset pressure subsequent continuation of insurance pressure it is default when
It is long, special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is prepared.
5. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described by the abnormity
The step of Sheet Metal Part middleware and the mold separation, comprising:
The air inlet and the intake valve of upper mold described in the outlet bore closure of the upper mold are opened, heating furnace stopping pair being closed
The mold heating；
Mold described in circulating water by the superplastic forming equipment；
After opening the heating furnace door and making the upper mold uplink, the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is taken out.
6. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to the abnormity
The step of Sheet Metal Part middleware is machined out excision remainder punching, obtains the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part, comprising:
The flat plate margin of the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware is removed using machining mode；
Surface cleaning is carried out to the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part middleware after removal flat plate margin using alkali cleaning, acid cleaning process,
Obtain the special-shaped Sheet Metal Part.
7. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the metal plate plate is
Model aluminum alloy plate materials.
8. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preset temperature is
450 DEG C~470 DEG C.
9. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that scanning frequency under the upper mold
Degree is 5mm/s, and the preset pressure is 50 tons, and the ventilated source of intake valve is argon gas, and the argon pressure is 1~3MPa.
10. abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the material of the mold
Matter is 5CrMnMo or 5CrNiMo hot die steel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811361586.9A CN109590383A (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | A kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method |
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| CN201811361586.9A CN109590383A (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | A kind of abnormity Sheet Metal Part superplastic forming method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111744983A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-09 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Additive hot-pressing and air-bulging composite forming method for topological structure wall plate |
| CN113843370A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Thermal superplastic forming method for special-shaped curved surface hollow skin |
| CN114871700A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy/aluminum lithium alloy hollow reinforcing rib skin forming method and mold |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111744983A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-09 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Additive hot-pressing and air-bulging composite forming method for topological structure wall plate |
| CN113843370A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Thermal superplastic forming method for special-shaped curved surface hollow skin |
| CN114871700A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy/aluminum lithium alloy hollow reinforcing rib skin forming method and mold |
| CN114871700B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-11-07 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy/aluminum lithium alloy hollow reinforcing rib skin forming method and mold |
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