CN109586777A - Code book with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method - Google Patents

Code book with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method Download PDF

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CN109586777A
CN109586777A CN201910054980.6A CN201910054980A CN109586777A CN 109586777 A CN109586777 A CN 109586777A CN 201910054980 A CN201910054980 A CN 201910054980A CN 109586777 A CN109586777 A CN 109586777A
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code word
code
layer
beam training
code book
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CN109586777B (en
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张华�
张仁民
许威
赵春明
尤肖虎
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of, and the code book with analytic structure generates and receives and dispatches cooperation adaptive beam training method, including the more precision code book generating algorithms of PS-DFT and adaptive beam training algorithm, more precision code books have analog/digital hybrid structure: the DFT basic wavelet beam on array is generated by analog radio frequency component, and the selection of beamlet, the phase adjustment of wavelet interfascicular and power distribution are realized by digital baseband components；Adaptive beam training algorithm is adaptive selected the initial level of wave beam training according to different transmission signal-to-noise ratio and coherence time and terminates grade.Hardware realization complexity of the present invention is low, flat with interior wave beam, angle estimation accuracy rate is high, effective spectrum is high-efficient, suitable for communicating pair using the point-to-point wireless communication system of the extensive antenna of millimeter wave of full connection mixing precoding structure, and receive and dispatch the uniform linear array that the array that two sides use is half-wave antenna spacing.

Description

Code book with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technique technical fields, and in particular to a kind of PS-DFT code with analytic structure This generation and receiver/transmitter cooperation adaptive beam training method.
Background technique
Last decade, millimeter wave (mmWave) and sub too megahertz (sub-THz) band communication are since it is with frequency abundant Spectrum resource has attracted the extensive concern of academia and industry.The problem of bringing transmission loss to increase for confrontation high band, is receiving Erection large-scale antenna array in hair both ends, which becomes, successfully manages means and necessary choice.However, being given with the sharp increase of antenna amount Channel estimation brings great challenge.Based on the considerations of hardware complexity and channel estimation expense, traditional multi input is all exported The channel estimation strategy of MIMO seems unrealistic in mmWave and sub-THz communication system.In view of high band channel The sparsity of transmission characteristic carries out wave beam training and can yet be regarded as one to compromise and key tactics in radio band.
For the expense for being further reduced search code book, industry and academia propose the stratification based on more precision code books and search Rope scheme --- the time overhead that wave beam is aligned can be reduced to the Logarithmic degree of number of antennas.The training of Hierarchical Search wave beam Angle estimation accuracy depends on the code book performance being trained.Good code book require to have in band good flatness, Band will inhibit leakage, intermediate zone to require faster convergence rate as far as possible outside.However, working as rf chain (Radio-Frequency Chain, RF chain) by limited time, while pursuing these technical indicators there are great technical difficulty.
Meanwhile the angle estimation accuracy of the Hierarchical Search based on more precision code books with transmission signal-to-noise ratio increase simultaneously Non-linear, especially in (pole) low transmission signal-to-noise ratio, there are basin effects (under total emission power confined condition, due to initial level The big covering of training wave beam leads to extremely low received signal to noise ratio, and then causes final angle estimation accuracy not with transmission The increase of signal-to-noise ratio and obviously increase).To guarantee enough angle estimation accuracy, selected more under the conditions of low transmission signal-to-noise ratio High code book layer seems inevitable as the initial level of Hierarchical Search.However, search means more greatly in high-rise code book Search time expense, and then cause effective spectrum efficiency reduction.Therefore, in high angle estimation accuracy and low trained expense On there is contradictions.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the PS-DFT code book that the invention discloses a kind of with analytic structure generates and receiver/transmitter Cooperate adaptive beam training method, can effectively improve the accuracy and effective spectrum efficiency of wave beam training.This method includes The more precision code book generating algorithms of PS-DFT and adaptive beam training algorithm, more precision code books have analog/digital hybrid structure: DFT basic wavelet beam on array is generated by analog radio frequency component, the selection of beamlet, wavelet interfascicular phase adjustment and power Distribution is realized by digital baseband components；Adaptive beam training algorithm is adaptive according to different transmission signal-to-noise ratio and coherence time It selects the initial level of wave beam training with answering and terminates grade.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
Code book with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method, comprising the following steps:
(1) number of plies of more precision code books is determined according to rf chain number RFurther according to uniform linear array Antenna number N determine the digital code book in more precision code booksWith simulation code bookDimension be respectively R × S and S × N × N × R, and it is initialized as respectively
(2) the digital code book of the more precision code books of PS-DFT is successively generated to s=S layers since s=1 layersAnd mould Quasi- code book
(3) according to false-alarm probability PFA, transmission signal-to-noise ratioRf chain number R, antenna number N, angle supporting domain DAS= [ΦAS,min,ΦAS,max) and coherence time T predict the optimal initial level under given transmission signal-to-noise ratioOptimal initial level search Code word range [imin,imax] and optimal termination grade
(4) existLayer code word range is [imin,imax] searched on section thoroughly, it is corresponding that maximal received power is found in receiving end Receiving end code word serial numberWith the code word serial number of transmitting terminalAnd it willTransmitting terminal is fed back to by feedback channel；
(5) fromLayer starts to theLayer successively carries out Hierarchical Search, and receiving end is searched at each layer After update maximal received power it is correspondingAnd it feeds back at this timeTo transmitting terminal；
(6) transmitting-receiving two sides are used respectivelyWithNumber character configures beamforming matrix and wave beam merges matrix.
Further, the step (2) includes following sub-step:
(21) be current s layers calculating configuration parameter: the activation rf chain number for configuring current layer isOften The beam angle of a code word isNumber of codewords is Is=2/Bs；
It (22) is first simulation code word of current s layers constructionAnd digital word
First simulation code wordIt is configured toWhereinA (N, Φ) is that length is the array weight vector that N is directed toward Φ；IfThen first digit code word configures ForIfThen first digit code word is configured to Wherein, j is imaginary part unit,Otherwise, first digit code word configures ForWherein
(23) first simulation code word of s layer constructed by step (22)With first digit code wordGenerate any i-th of simulation code word of this layerAnd digital wordWherein 1≤i≤Is: i-th A simulation code word isWherein operator ⊙ is Hadamard Product, i-th digital code word are
(24) if s==S, (3) are thened follow the steps；Otherwise, s=s+1 and (21) are returned to.
Further, the step (3) includes following sub-step:
(31) path gain is initialized as | αLS|=1；
(32) according to formulaDetermine optimal initial levelAnd then it determines TheLayer inner code word wave beam bandwidth be
(33) according to angle supporting domain DAS=[ΦAS,min,ΦAS,max) determine itsCorresponding code word range in layer [imin,imax] and initial level search time overheadWherein
(34) optimal termination grade is determinedTerminating grade value rangeIt is interior, find out the maximum predicted effectively Spectrum efficiencyCorresponding termination grade sLAs optimal termination grade, InFor total time overhead.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and the utility model has the advantages that
1. since analog radio frequency component Configuration is isometric DFT array weight vectors form, hardware realization complexity of the present invention It is low.
2. being closed due to the phase lotus root of wavelet interfascicular and having obtained effective adjustment, wave in band of the present invention by digital baseband components Shu Pingtan.
3. angle estimation accuracy rate of the present invention is high since received signal to noise ratio is guaranteed by adaptive beam training.
4. effective spectrum of the present invention is high-efficient since training order is optimized by adaptive beam training algorithm.
5. it is demonstrated experimentally that the present invention has the beam patterns of approximate ideal and is compared with other methods higher effective spectrum Efficiency, suitable for communicating pair using the millimeter wave extensive antenna point to point wireless communication system of full connection mixing precoding structure System, and receive and dispatch the uniform linear array that the array that two sides use is half-wave antenna spacing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention implements system architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is beam patterns effect picture in the embodiment of the present invention.
The effective spectrum efficiency effect picture that Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention and other training methods obtain.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below with reference to specific embodiment to this hair The technical solution of bright offer is described in detail, it should be understood that following specific embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention rather than limit The scope of the present invention processed.
The present invention is complete in the extensive antenna (Massive MIMO) of point-to-point frequency division duplex (FDD) millimeter wave (mmWave) In connection structure communication system, considers wave beam training (Beam training) time overhead, realize and improve effective transmission speed A kind of method.
As shown in Figure 1, the transmitting-receiving two sides in this example are each equipped with R=8 rf chain, the homogenous linear of half-wave long spacing Array includes N=32 root antenna.
Code book provided by the invention with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method, including with Lower step:
(1) number of plies of more precision code books is determined according to rf chain number R=8Further according to uniform line The antenna number N=32 of property array determines the digital code book in more precision code booksWith simulation code bookDimension be respectively R × S=8 × 4 and S × N × N × R=4 × 32 × 32 × 8, and it is initialized as respectivelyWith
(2) the digital code book of the more precision code books of PS-DFT is successively generated to s=4 layers since s=1 layersAnd mould Quasi- code book
Present implementation illustrates that step (2) realize process by taking s=3 as an example, specifically includes following sub-step:
(21) be current s=3 layers calculating configuration parameter: the activation rf chain number of current layer isEach code The beam angle of word is BS=3=1/8, number of codewords IS=3=16；
It (22) is first simulation code word of current s=3 layers constructionAnd digital word
First simulation code wordIt is configured toWherein 1 ≤r≤2；Due toSo first digit code word isWherein, j is imaginary part unit,The curve that " s=3 " is labeled as in Fig. 2 is obtained by this embodiment.
(23) the first simulation code word constructed by step (22)With first digit code wordIt is raw At any i-th of simulation code word of this layerAnd digital wordWherein 1≤i≤16: i-th of simulation code word ForI-th digital code word is
(24) due to s=3 ≠ S=4 at this time, so s=s+1=4 and returning to (21)；It is obtained in Fig. 2 by this embodiment Other 3 curves.
(3) according to false-alarm probability PFA=0.01, signal-to-noise ratio is transmittedRange is [- 10dB, 20dB], rf chain number R =8, antenna number N=32, angle supporting domain DAS=[ΦAS,min,ΦAS,max)=[- 1,1) and coherence time T=250 predict not With the optimal initial level under transmission signal-to-noise ratioCode word range [the i of optimal initial level searchmin,imax] and optimal termination grade
Step (3) specifically includes following sub-step:
(31) path gain is initialized as | αLS|=1；
(32) according to formulaDetermine optimal initial levelAnd then determine theLayer inner code word Wave beam bandwidth be
(33) according to angle supporting domain DAS=[- 1,1), i.e., physical angle distributed area be [- pi/2, pi/2), determine itsCorresponding code word range [i in layermin,imax] and initial level search time overheadWherein
(34) optimal termination grade is determinedTerminating grade value rangeFind out the maximum predicted effectively Spectrum efficiencyCorresponding termination grade sLAs optimal termination grade, whereinFor total time overhead；
(4) existLayer code word range is [imin,imax] searched on section thoroughly, it is corresponding that maximal received power is found in receiving end Receiving end code word serial numberWith the code word serial number of transmitting terminalAnd it willTransmitting terminal is fed back to by feedback channel；
(5) fromLayer starts to theLayer successively carries out Hierarchical Search, and receiving end is searched at each layer After update maximal received power it is correspondingAnd it feeds back at this timeTo transmitting terminal；
(6) transmitting-receiving two sides are used respectivelyWithNumber character configures beamforming matrix and wave beam merges matrix.
Reality is compared by above-mentioned specific embodiment and using fixed initial level and the fixed training program for terminating grade search It tests, the result of above-mentioned specific embodiment is the curve for being labeled as " Proposed " as shown in Figure 3, remaining curve is using fixed first Beginning grade and the fixed training program for terminating grade search.In the present embodiment, the present invention is in SNR rangesWithIt is interior, wave beam training order is adaptive selected respectivelyThe embodiment Show: the present invention is relative to existing wave beam training program, beam patterns and higher effective spectrum effect with approximate ideal Rate.
The technical means disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited only to technological means disclosed in above embodiment, further includes Technical solution consisting of any combination of the above technical features.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art For, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also considered as Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the code book with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method, which is characterized in that including following Step:
(1) number of plies of more precision code books is determined according to rf chain number RFurther according to the day of uniform linear array Line number N determines the digital code book in more precision code booksWith simulation code bookDimension be respectively R × S and S × N × N × R, And it is initialized as respectivelyWith
(2) the digital code book of the more precision code books of PS-DFT is successively generated to s=S layers since s=1 layersWith simulation code This
(3) according to false-alarm probability PFA, transmission signal-to-noise ratioRf chain number R, antenna number N, angle supporting domain DAS= [ΦAS,min,ΦAS,max) and coherence time T predict the optimal initial level under given transmission signal-to-noise ratioOptimal initial level search Code word range [imin,imax] and optimal termination grade
(4) existLayer code word range is [imin,imax] searched on section thoroughly, receiving end finds that maximal received power is corresponding to be connect The code word serial number of receiving endWith the code word serial number of transmitting terminalAnd it willTransmitting terminal is fed back to by feedback channel；
(5) fromLayer starts to theLayer successively carries out Hierarchical Search, and receiving end is after each layer of search It is corresponding to update maximal received powerAnd it feeds back at this timeTo transmitting terminal；
(6) transmitting-receiving two sides are used respectivelyWithNumber character configures beamforming matrix and wave beam merges matrix.
2. the code book according to claim 1 with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method, It is characterized in that, the step (2) includes following sub-step:
(21) be current s layers calculating configuration parameter: the activation rf chain number for configuring current layer isEach code The beam angle of word isNumber of codewords is Is=2/Bs；
It (22) is first simulation code word of current s layers constructionAnd digital word
First simulation code wordIt is configured toWherein A (N, Φ) is that length is the array weight vector that N is directed toward Φ；IfThen first digit code word is configured toIfThen first digit code word is configured toIts In, j is imaginary part unit,Otherwise, first digit code word is configured toWherein
(23) first simulation code word of s layer constructed by step (22)With first digit code wordIt is raw At any i-th of simulation code word of this layerAnd digital wordWherein 1≤i≤Is: i-th of simulation code word ForWherein operator ⊙ is Hadamard product, i-th of number Character code word is
(24) if s==S, (3) are thened follow the steps；Otherwise, s=s+1 and (21) are returned to.
3. the code book according to claim 1 with analytic structure generates and transmitting-receiving cooperation adaptive beam training method, It is characterized in that, the step (3) includes following sub-step:
(31) path gain is initialized as | αLS|=1；
(32) according to formulaDetermine optimal initial levelAnd then determine theLayer The wave beam bandwidth of inner code word is
(33) according to angle supporting domain DAS=[ΦAS,min,ΦAS,max) determine itsCorresponding code word range [i in layermin,imax] With the time overhead of initial level searchWherein
(34) optimal termination grade is determinedTerminating grade value rangeIt is interior, find out the maximum effective spectrum predicted EfficiencyCorresponding termination grade sLAs optimal termination grade, whereinFor total time overhead.
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