CN109581682B - Rapid light beam smoothing method based on light beam dynamic interference pattern in inertial confinement fusion device - Google Patents

Rapid light beam smoothing method based on light beam dynamic interference pattern in inertial confinement fusion device Download PDF

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CN109581682B
CN109581682B CN201910034861.4A CN201910034861A CN109581682B CN 109581682 B CN109581682 B CN 109581682B CN 201910034861 A CN201910034861 A CN 201910034861A CN 109581682 B CN109581682 B CN 109581682B
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钟哲强
张彬
孙年春
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fast light beam smoothing method based on a light beam dynamic interference pattern in an inertial confinement fusion device. The method is that in the laser beam of the laser driving inertial confinement fusion device, the beam is divided into two combined sub-beam pairs, each sub-beam pair passes through the same continuous phase plate and polarization control plate, but the working wavelengths are different and a pair of conjugate or complementary phase plates are respectively inserted, and the rapid and uniform sliding of the far-field focal spot of the laser beam is realized through the dynamic interference pattern in the far field between each pair of sub-beams, so that the uniformity of the focal spot is improved in a short integration time.

Description

Rapid light beam smoothing method based on light beam dynamic interference pattern in inertial confinement fusion device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a light beam smoothing technology in a laser-driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) device, in particular to a rapid light beam smoothing method based on a light beam dynamic interference pattern in the laser-driven ICF device.
Background
In an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) device driven by laser, the beam smoothing technology of various airspaces and time domains is widely adopted to realize the control of the far-field focal spot uniformity of laser beams, so that the high-power laser device meeting the physical experiment requirements can precisely control the light field distribution of a target surface. In the existing spatial beam smoothing technology, a continuous phase plate is often adopted to control the envelope and uniformity of far-field focal spots of a laser beam, but due to coherent superposition among sub-beams in the laser beam, a speckle structure exists in the far-field focal spots. The speckle structure can cause various nonlinear unstable effects in the interaction process of the laser beam and the target pill, so that the compression symmetry of the laser beam on the target pill is reduced, and the existence of speckles needs to be inhibited by combining a time domain beam smoothing technology. The existing time domain beam smoothing technology comprises an induced spatial incoherent beam smoothing technology, an optical spatial smoothing technology, a spectral angular dispersion smoothing technology, a radial beam smoothing technology and the like.
The induced spatial incoherent beam smoothing technology utilizes a broadband laser source to irradiate a far field, can obtain excellent focal spot uniformity, but is only suitable for a gas excimer laser as a laser source, and the gas excimer laser needs to be operated under a low-energy working condition so as to avoid nonlinear optical distortion generated when a laser beam is transmitted in an amplifier.
The optical spatial smoothing technology is characterized in that an optical dispersion element is utilized to convert the temporal incoherence of a broadband light source into the spatial incoherence, so that a large number of mutually independent interference speckles are simultaneously superposed on a target surface to obtain uniform far-field light intensity distribution. The method for reducing the coherence of the front-end light source can inhibit the generation of high-frequency spatial modulation of the laser beam in a far field, but can damage the pulse time waveform of the laser and influence the transmission and amplification characteristics of the laser beam.
The Spectral angular Dispersion (SSD) Smoothing technology is that an electro-optical modulator is used for carrying out time phase modulation on laser beams and carrying out Spectral angular Dispersion by using a grating, so that the far-field speckles of the laser beams are swept, and the uniformity of the far-field focal spots is improved in the plasma thermal Smoothing time. At present, because the modulation frequency of an electro-optical modulator is limited, the time required by the uniform dispersion and smoothing technology of the angular spectrum to enable the focal spot to reach stable uniformity is dozens of picoseconds and is far longer than the increasing time of various nonlinear unstable effects, and therefore the effect of the angular spectrum dispersion technology on the nonlinear unstable effects is not obvious.
The radial light beam uniform-sliding technology is that a periodic spherical phase is added to a laser beam through a pump light and a light Kerr medium so as to realize uniform sliding of a far-field focal spot of the laser beam in the radial direction, and therefore the uniformity of the far-field focal spot of the laser beam is improved in a short integration time. The time required by the radial beam smoothing technology to enable the focal spot to reach stable uniformity is only a few picoseconds, and the time is close to the increasing time of various nonlinear instability effects, so that the radial beam smoothing technology can be used as a potential technical approach for inhibiting the nonlinear effect from increasing. However, the pump light required by the radial beam smoothing technology is difficult to realize and high in manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provide a novel method for quickly smoothing a light beam based on a dynamic interference pattern of the light beam in an ICF device. In an ICF device laser cluster (cluster is a collection of multiple sub-beams), each sub-beam is focused to a far field focal plane through the same continuous phase plate, polarization control plate, and lens. The method divides a cluster into sub-beam pairs which are combined in pairs, a continuous phase plate and a polarization control plate which are passed by each pair of sub-beams are the same, but working wavelengths are different, and a pair of conjugate phase plates are respectively inserted, and the rapid and even sliding of far-field focal spots of laser beams is realized through dynamic interference patterns in a far field between each pair of sub-beams, so that the uniformity of the far-field focal spots is improved in a short integration time.
The quick light beam smoothing method based on the light beam dynamic interference pattern in the ICF device can be used for the ICF device which is directly driven and indirectly driven so as to improve the uniformity of irradiation on a target surface.
The rapid beam smoothing method based on the beam dynamic interference pattern in the ICF device can be used as a supplementary means of the existing beam smoothing technology to further improve the irradiation uniformity of the target surface, particularly improve the medium-high frequency intensity modulation of a focal spot within a picosecond time scale, and provide a potential technical approach for inhibiting the interaction of laser plasma.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical means.
The design concept of the invention is as follows: in the laser beam of the laser driven inertial confinement fusion device, each beam is divided into two combined sub-beam pairs, the working wavelength of each sub-beam pair is different, and a pair of conjugate phase plates are respectively inserted, namely the phase distribution is conjugated or complementary. Because the working wavelengths are different and the phase distribution is conjugate or complementary, each pair of sub-beams forms a dynamic interference pattern in a far field, so that the position and the intensity of speckles inside a focal spot are dynamically changed in real time, and the rapid and uniform sliding of the focal spot in the far field is realized.
In the design, after each pair of sub-beams passes through the conjugate phase plate, the continuous phase plate and the lens, the optical field distribution in the far field can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0001982227690000021
wherein A (x, y) is A0exp[-(x2N+y2N)/w2N]eiφ(x,y)For near-field optical field distribution of sub-beams, phi (x, y) ═ phi*(x, y) is the phase distribution of the conjugate phase plate, and ω' are the operating frequencies of the two sub-beams, φCPPFor CPP phase modulation of the beamlets, "FT" represents the Fourier transform.
Within the integration time Δ t, the far field light intensity distribution is:
Figure GDA0001982227690000022
in the formula, Δ t is an integration time, and "|" represents taking an absolute value.
The phase distribution of the phase plate may be, but is not limited to, a tilted surface, a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, and a spiral surface.
The insertion position of the phase plate is between far-field terminal assemblies, the phase plate can be independently used as a plug-and-play phase element to be inserted between the far-field terminal assemblies, and can also be processed into the same phase element together with a continuous phase plate to be inserted between the far-field terminal assemblies, and the implementation mode of the phase plate is flexible and variable.
The difference between the operating wavelengths is between 0.01nm and 1nm to simultaneously ensure coherence between the sub-beams and a smoothing time between 40ps and 0.4ps required to stabilize the focal spot uniformity.
The rapid beam smoothing technology based on the beam interference pattern can sweep far-field speckles of a laser beam in the transverse direction, the radial direction or the angular direction and the like so as to realize the smooth smoothing of the far-field focal spots of the laser beam in any direction.
The rapid light beam smoothing technology based on the light beam interference pattern can also simultaneously enable the laser beam far field speckles to be swept in the transverse direction, the radial direction, the angular direction and other directions in a combined mode, so that multi-direction smoothing of the laser beam far field focal spots is simultaneously realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects.
1. The invention provides a rapid light beam smoothing method based on a dynamic interference pattern in a laser driving system of an inertial confinement fusion device for the first time, and multi-direction rapid smoothing of far-field speckles of a laser beam is realized.
2. Compared with the conventional one-dimensional SSD (1D-SSD), the fast light beam smoothing method based on the dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device can realize the smooth smoothing of the far-field focal spot in shorter integration time by sweeping speckles inside the focal spot in the transverse direction, the radial direction, the angular direction and the like or the combination of the directions, and can effectively avoid the generation of the fringe-shaped intensity modulation of the laser beam in the far field.
3. The fast beam smoothing method based on dynamic interference patterns in the inertial confinement fusion device can greatly improve the irradiation characteristic of a laser beam to a target surface in a short time after being combined with the existing two-dimensional SSD (2D-SSD) and CPP, and particularly reduce the generation of high-frequency intensity modulation in a focal spot.
4. Compared with the conventional SSD and radial uniform sliding, the rapid light beam uniform sliding method based on the dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device realizes the uniform sliding of far-field focal spots by inserting the phase plate into the far-field terminal assembly and making the working wavelengths of the sub-beams different, meets the requirements of plug and play, and has flexible and variable realization mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method for realizing the rapid beam smoothing based on the dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device, namely, the rapid beam smoothing can be realized by inserting an element 2 in a laser cluster.
FIG. 2 is the phase distribution of the phase plate in the fast beam smoothing method based on dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device of the present invention, wherein (a) is the inclined phase, (b) is the cylindrical phase, (c) is the spherical phase, and (d) is the spiral phase.
FIG. 3 shows the focal spots of the fast beam smoothing method based on dynamic interference patterns in the inertial confinement fusion device without a continuous phase plate, wherein (a) is the focal spot of the existing 1D-SSD beam, and (b) is the focal spot of the fast beam smoothing scheme at different times.
FIG. 4 shows the focal spots of the dynamic interference pattern based fast beam smoothing method in the inertial confinement fusion device with a continuous phase plate, wherein (a) is the focal spot of the existing 2D-SSD beam smoothing, (b) is the focal spot of the fast beam smoothing method used alone, and (c) is the focal spot of the 2D-SSD and fast beam smoothing scheme used in combination.
FIG. 5 shows the FOPAI curve and the variation curve of the flux contrast of the focal spot with the integral time Δ t when the two beam smoothing schemes of the fast beam smoothing method and 2D-SSD are used in combination (taking the oblique phase as an example) when the continuous phase plate is used in the fast beam smoothing method based on the dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device.
FIG. 6 shows the variation curve of the light flux contrast of the focal spot with the integration time in three schemes of the dynamic interference pattern-based fast beam smoothing method (cylindrical phase) alone, the 2D-SSD alone and the combination of the two in the inertial confinement fusion device.
In the figure, 1 laser beam, i, ii, iii, iv represent each sub-beam, 2 conjugate phase plate, 3 continuous phase plate, 4 birefringent prism, 5 focusing lens, 6 far field focal plane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, which should be pointed out in the attached drawings, wherein the embodiments are only used for further description of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The conjugate phase plate used in this embodiment is a tilted phase plate having a phase PV (peak-to-valley) value of 2 λ (λ ═ 351nm) and a caliber of 372mm × 372mm to achieve an effect equivalent to that of 2D-SSD, the tilted phase plates of the sub-beams i and ii are tilted in the x direction, and the tilted phase plates of the sub-beams iii and iv are tilted in the y directioni＝λiii＝351nm，λii＝λivAt 351.1nm, the polarization states of sub-beams i and ii are x-linear polarization, and the polarization states of sub-beams iii and iv are y-linear polarization. The integration time was 10 ps.
Fig. 2 shows the phase distribution of the conjugate phase plate, which may be, but not limited to, the tilt phase, the cylindrical phase, the spherical phase, and the helicoidal phase.
For ease of comparison, the fast beam smoothing method of example 1 was compared to a typical one-dimensional 1D-SSD, where the parameters of the 1D-SSD were according to the literature (S.Skupsky, R.W.Short, T.Kessler, et althe angular dispersion of frequency modulation is selected, i.e., the modulation frequency ω of the phase-phase modulation, J.appl.Phys.66,3456(1989).)m2.5GHz, modulation depth delta 12, and grating dispersion coefficient
Figure GDA0001982227690000041
The working wavelength of each sub-beam in the bundle is lambdai＝λiii＝351nm，λii＝λiv＝351.1nm。
Fig. 3 to 5 show the improvement effect of the fast beam smoothing method in embodiment 1 on the far-field focal spot uniformity, and the results in the drawings fully illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the fast beam smoothing method based on dynamic interference patterns according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the focal spot of the 1D-SSD and fast smoothing methods without the continuous phase plate 3 in comparison. Wherein (a) is the focal spot distribution of a typical 1D-SSD, with the sweeping direction being the y-direction; (b) the distribution of the focal spots of the rapid beam smoothing method is represented by the sweeping of the focal spots in the x and y directions.
Fig. 5 shows a comparison of the focal spot distribution under three schemes, 2D-SSD, fast smoothing method, 2D-SSD in combination with fast smoothing method, with the continuous phase plate 3. Wherein, (a) is the focal spot of 2D-SSD, the focal spot gets the smooth in x and y direction, there is obvious stripe-shaped light intensity modulation; (b) the focal spots obtained by the rapid light beam smoothing method are smoothed in the x and y directions, but no obvious stripe-shaped intensity modulation exists; (c) the focal spot is used by combining the 2D-SSD and the rapid even-sliding method, and the uniformity is greatly improved. It is worth noting that the focal spot size does not change significantly.
In order to quantitatively analyze the improvement degree of the focal spot uniformity, the improvement degree is evaluated by using a focal spot light flux Contrast (Contrast), and the smaller the focal spot light flux Contrast is, the better the focal spot uniformity is; the formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001982227690000051
in the formula Ii,j(xf,yf) Is (x)f,yf) The light intensity at the location; i ismeanIs the average light intensity.
In order to quantitatively analyze the improvement degree of the beam smoothing technology on the hot spot inside the focal spot, a Fractional Power above Intensity (FOPAI) curve is adopted for evaluation, and the FOPAI curve is shifted to the left to show that the improvement effect on the hot spot inside the focal spot is better; the formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0001982227690000052
wherein A is the focal spot area, ImeanIs the average light intensity.
In quantitative analysis of the degree of improvement in focal spot uniformity and internal hot spots, calculations were performed for a region of 90% energy around circle ratio.
Calculating the change rule of the light flux contrast of the focal spot along with the integration time under three schemes of only inclined phase, only 2D-SSD and inclined phase +2D-SSD when the continuous phase plate 3 is used by using the formulas (4) and (5), as shown in FIG. 5 (a); by calculating the FOPAI curve at the integration time Δ t of 10ps under the three schemes of the tilt phase only, the 2D-SSD only, and the tilt phase +2D-SSD combined when the continuous phase plate is used, as shown in fig. 5 (b).
Fig. 5 shows that, when the continuous phase plate 3 is used, the focal spot uniformity change law is different between the tilt phase alone and the combination of the tilt phase +2D-SSD and 2D-SSD.
As shown in fig. 5(a), when the phase is tilted only, the luminous flux contrast rapidly drops to about 0.55 and then remains stable; 2D-SSD only, the luminous flux contrast oscillations drop below 0.55; when the inclined phase is used together with the 2D-SSD, the luminous flux contrast ratio is rapidly reduced and tends to be stable, and the beam-smoothing effect is greatly improved.
Fig. 5(b) shows that the FOPAI curve of the focal spot is shifted to the left when the tilt phase +2D-SSD is used, which shows that the hot spot inside the focal spot is significantly reduced and the beam smoothing effect is greatly improved compared with the other two beam smoothing schemes.
The embodiment 1 and the attached drawings show that the rapid light beam smoothing method based on the dynamic interference pattern in the inertial confinement fusion device can realize effective smoothing of the target surface within the integration time of 10 ps.
Example 2
The conjugate phase plate used in this embodiment is a cylindrical phase plate, and has a phase PV (peak-to-valley) value of 2 λ (λ ═ 351nm) and a diameter of 372mm × 372mm to achieve an effect equivalent to that of 2D-SSD, the cylindrical phase plates of sub-beams i and ii are made to be in the x direction, and the cylindrical phase plates of sub-beams iii and iv are made to be in the y directioni＝λiii＝351nm，λii＝λivAt 351.2nm, the polarization states of sub-beams i and ii are x-linear polarization, and the polarization states of sub-beams iii and iv are y-linear polarization. The integration time was 5 ps. Other operation steps and operation procedures are the same as those of embodiment 1, and the same improvement effect on the far-field focal spot uniformity of the laser bundle as that of embodiment 1 can be obtained.
The change rule of the light flux contrast of the focal spot along with the integration time under three schemes of only cylindrical phase, only 2D-SSD and cylindrical phase +2D-SSD when the continuous phase plate 3 is used is calculated by using the formulas (4) and (5), as shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 6 shows that the flux contrast drops rapidly to around 0.55 and then remains substantially stable for only the cylindrical phase; 2D-SSD only, the luminous flux contrast oscillations drop below 0.55; when the cylindrical phase and the 2D-SSD are used together, the luminous flux contrast ratio is rapidly reduced and tends to be stable, and the beam-smoothing effect is greatly improved.
The embodiments of the present invention are only given specific application examples, but it is still considered to be covered by the present invention that a variety of dynamic interference pattern based fast beam smoothing methods for inertial confinement fusion devices can be devised according to the above teaching for researchers working with inertial confinement fusion laser driving systems.

Claims (6)

1. A fast beam smoothing method based on beam dynamic interference pattern in an inertial confinement fusion device is characterized in that in a laser cluster of the laser-driven inertial confinement fusion device, namely a set of a plurality of sub-beams, each sub-beam passes through the same continuous phase plate (3), a polarization control panel (4) and a lens (5) and is focused to a far-field focal plane, the cluster is divided into two-by-two combined sub-beam pairs, the continuous phase plate (3) passed by each sub-beam is the same as the polarization control panel (4), but the working wavelengths are different, and a pair of conjugate phase plates (2) are respectively inserted between the laser cluster (1) and the continuous phase plate (3), wherein the working wavelength difference between the sub-beams is between 0.01nm and 1nm, and the fast smoothing of the far-field focal spot of the laser beam is realized through the dynamic interference pattern in the far field between each pair of sub-beams, thereby improving the homogeneity of the far field focal spot in a shorter integration time.
2. A method of fast beam smoothing according to claim 1, characterized in that each pair of beamlets in the laser bundle has a different operating wavelength and passes through the conjugate phase plate (2).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase distribution of the conjugate phase plate is an inclined plane, a cylindrical plane, a spherical plane or a spiral plane, and the sweeping of the far-field speckle of the laser beam in the transverse direction, the radial direction, the angular direction or the combination direction can be realized, so as to rapidly improve the uniformity of the focal spot.
4. The fast beam smoothing method of claim 1, wherein smoothing of the far field focal spot is achieved by inserting a conjugate phase plate in the far field terminal assembly and making the operating wavelengths of the sub-beams different, thereby meeting the plug and play requirement and being flexible and variable in implementation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the smoothing time required for the focal spot uniformity to stabilize depends on the wavelength difference between the sub-beams, and the larger the wavelength difference between the sub-beams, the shorter the smoothing time.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the smoothing time is between 40ps and 0.4ps if the operating wavelength difference between the sub-beams is between 0.01nm and 1nm to ensure coherence between the sub-beams and uniformity of the focal spot.
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