CN109581477A - Predict the method and system of seismic reflector - Google Patents
Predict the method and system of seismic reflector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and system for predicting seismic reflector, comprising: 1) takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establish seismic signal function；2) wavelet is extracted from the track data that step 1) is chosen, establishes wavelet function；3) it is based on seismic signal function and wavelet function, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, whether detected at each time sampling point in setting frequency range is seismic reflection point；4) it removes one of seismic data to be detected, be completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflector.The present invention is theoretical by signal time frequency analysis, derives and predicts the position for being likely to occur seismic reflection, realize and obtain reflecting interface from the seismic profile of lower temporal resolution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum gas earth fields, more particularly, to a kind of method for predicting seismic reflector
And system.
Background technique
The purpose of seismic prospecting is to find out that subsurface geological structure is that mineral products are general by the reflected wave information of subsurface formations
It looks into, oil-gas exploration service, since the initial seismic pulse signal of the effect of earth filtering can gradually decay with depth of stratum, this
One of consequence caused by kind acts on is exactly so that the interface compared with thin strate is difficult on seismic profile namely seismic time point
Resolution decline, is easy thing to obtain stratum reflecting interface not from the seismic profile of lower temporal resolution, needs
Special processing is carried out to seismic data, this is also that popular research direction forefathers in geophysics also did many grind
Study carefully and explore, for example, " improve resolution technique the gas field Su Geli West application " by real data carry out deconvolution and
Q compensation method test, it is believed that compensating concatenated method using surface consistent deconvolution and Q in Soviet Union Sulige gas field West can be effective
The resolution ratio for improving seismic data, provides the Seismic of high-quality for the reservoir prediction of subsequent thin sand；Pass through ginseng simultaneously
Number has preferably summed up the range of Soviet Union's Sulige gas field West quality factor q, which is that high-resolution is carried out in similar area
Technique study provides reference." crosshole seismic raising resolution technique " (Sun Yuan, Chang An University's Master's thesis) crosshole seismic letter
Number dominant frequency be usually surface seismic several times it is even higher, can achieve several hundred hertz.By deconvolution processing, inverse Q filtering,
The methods of reflection coefficient inverting is to propose high-resolution common method, is improved by these special seism processings with reaching
To the recognition capability of thin layer.Therefore, we provide a kind of method, restore from the seismic data of comparatively low resolution by low resolution
The thin layer that rate wavelet is covered.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is theoretical by signal time frequency analysis, derives and predicts the position for being likely to occur seismic reflection, realize
Reflecting interface is obtained from the seismic profile of lower temporal resolution.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of method for predicting seismic reflector, 1) this method may include:
It takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establishes seismic signal function；2) track data chosen from step 1)
Middle extraction wavelet, establishes wavelet function；3) be based on the seismic signal function and the wavelet function, obtain seismic signal when
Whether frequency analysis function, being detected at each time sampling point in setting frequency range is seismic reflection point；4) one of seismic data is removed
It is detected, is completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflector.
Preferably, the seismic signal function s (t) indicates are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
Preferably, the wavelet function indicates are as follows:
Wherein,σ is the energy attenuation factor；t
For the time.
Preferably, the time frequency analysis function representation of the seismic signal are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
Preferably, the time sampling point t0When meeting following formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
Preferably, if it is determined that the time sampling point t0Place is seismic reflection point, then enables r (y0,x0,t0)=1, otherwise r
(y0,x0,t0)=0；After the completion of the detection of all seismic channels, the r (y, x, t) of acquisition is the seismic reflector.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of system for predicting seismic reflector, the system comprises: it deposits
Reservoir is stored with computer executable instructions；Processor, when running the calculating executable instruction on the memory, the place
1) reason device, which performs the steps of, takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establish seismic signal function；2) from
Wavelet is extracted in the track data that step 1) is chosen, establishes wavelet function；3) the seismic signal function and the wavelet letter are based on
Number, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, whether detected at each time sampling point in setting frequency range is seismic reflection point；
4) it removes one of seismic data to be detected, be completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflector.
Preferably, the seismic signal function s (t) indicates are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
Preferably, the time frequency analysis function representation of the seismic signal are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
Preferably, the time sampling point t0When meeting following formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by establishing the seismic signal function for selecting seismic channel and corresponding wavelet
Function, by continuous wavelet transform obtain seismic signal time frequency analysis function, in setting frequency range to each time sampling point into
Row is detected whether as seismic reflection point and is recorded, and is then removed one of seismic data and is detected, and is examined until to all seismic channels
It surveys and completes, restore the thin layer covered by low resolution wavelet from comparatively low resolution seismic data.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will then part of the detailed description can be specified.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is of the invention above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiment of the invention, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the method for prediction seismic reflector according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows original earthquake datas according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows the explanation results of bed boundary according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in more detail below.Although the following describe preferred implementations of the invention
Mode, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without that should be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.Phase
Instead, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention is more thorough and complete, and can be by the scope of the present invention completely
It is communicated to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
In this embodiment, the method for prediction seismic reflector according to the present invention may include: 1) to take seismic data
A wherein track data as input data, establish seismic signal function；2) wavelet is extracted from the track data that step 1) is chosen,
Establish wavelet function；3) it is based on seismic signal function and wavelet function, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, in setting frequency
Whether detected at each time sampling point in section is seismic reflection point；4) it removes one of seismic data to be detected, until to all
Seismic channel detection is completed, and seismic reflector is obtained.
The embodiment is theoretical by signal time frequency analysis, derives and predict the position for being likely to occur seismic reflection, realizes
From the seismic profile of lower temporal resolution obtain reflecting interface.
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the method for prediction seismic reflector according to the present invention.Specifically below with reference to Fig. 1
The specific steps of the method for bright prediction seismic reflector according to the present invention.
Step 1, it takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establishes seismic signal function.
In one example, seismic signal function s (t) is indicated are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
Step 2, wavelet is extracted from the track data that step 1) is chosen, establishes wavelet function.
In one example, wavelet function indicates are as follows:
Wherein,σ is the energy attenuation factor；t
For the time.
Fourier transformation is done to wavelet, can be obtained:
If wavelet time delay t0, thenBelow to time delay t0Wavelet do as
Lower processing:
U (f)=FFT (W (t-t0)), (6)
Herein if | σ | 2 π f of < <,
At this point,
Step 3, it is based on seismic signal function and wavelet function, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, in setting frequency
Whether detected at each time sampling point in section is seismic reflection point.
Seismic signal is that the typical non-stationary signal i.e. frequency of signal varies over, and conventional Fourier becomes
Change the time frequency analysis needs for being difficult to meet seismic signal.
In one example, the time frequency analysis function representation of seismic signal are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
It is located at t0The frequency spectrum of moment seismic signal are as follows:
U (f)=s (t0, f), (11)
In one example, time sampling point t0When meeting following formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
If in t0The frequency spectrum of moment seismic signal is consistent with the wavelet spectrum height of decomposition, then frequency spectrum can meet formula (10)
Expression formula i.e.:
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
Specifically, the use premise condition of method is: 2 π f > > σ, we take the range [60-of f in the present embodiment
120] unit is hz, and the range of 2 π f is [376.8-753.6], and unit is rad/s, and σ takes 0.5.Successively to each seismic signal
Time sampling point detected according to formula, think if meeting formula (4) this point be seismic reflection point, otherwise it is assumed that not being seismic reflection
Point.
Step 4, it removes one of seismic data to be detected, be completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflection
Interface.
In one example, if it is determined that time sampling point t0Place is seismic reflection point, then enables r (y0,x0,t0)=1, otherwise r
(y0,x0,t0)=0；After the completion of the detection of all seismic channels, the r (y, x, t) of acquisition is seismic reflector.
The present embodiment selectes the seismic signal function and corresponding wavelet function of seismic channel by establishing, by continuous
Wavelet transformation obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, is detected whether each time sampling point for ground in setting frequency range
Shake reflection point simultaneously records, and then removes one of seismic data and is detected, and completes until detecting to all seismic channels, from relatively low
Restore the thin layer covered by low resolution wavelet in resolution seismic data.
Using example
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
Firstly, taking 3D seismic data, takes a wherein track data for earthquake as input data, establish such as formula (1) institute
The seismic signal function s (t) shown=r (y0,x0,t)；
Secondly, extract wavelet from the track data of selection, the wavelet function W (t) as shown in formula (2) is established, should
0.5 is taken with σ in example；
Then, continuous wavelet transform is done according to formula (3) to earthquake signal function s (t), it is right in [60-120] frequency range
Each time sampling point detects whether to meet formula (3), if it is satisfied, note three-dimensional array r (y0,x0,t0)=1.0, otherwise, r
(y0,x0,t0Institute's having time sampling point of this road seismic data is all detected and is finished by)=0.0；
It is detected finally, removing one of seismic data, it is finally obtained until completion until being detected to all seismic channels
Three-dimensional array r (y, x, t) is exactly last result.
Fig. 2 shows in the above-mentioned original earthquake data using in example, figure it is seen that seismic signal wavelet has
Apparent decaying, since complex effect part thin layer is difficult to；Fig. 3 is shown in the above-mentioned bed boundary using in example
Explanation results are that treated as a result, realizing the seismic profile from lower temporal resolution using method proposed by the present invention
Upper acquisition reflecting interface.
This application example selectes the seismic signal function and corresponding wavelet function of seismic channel by establishing, by even
Continuous wavelet transformation obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, in setting frequency range to each time sampling point detected whether for
Seismic reflection point simultaneously records, and then removes one of seismic data and is detected, and completes until detecting to all seismic channels, from opposite
Restore the thin layer covered by low resolution wavelet in low resolution seismic data.
Embodiment 2
According to an embodiment of the invention, providing a kind of system for predicting seismic reflector, system includes: memory,
It is stored with computer executable instructions；Processor, when calculating executable instruction on run memory, processor realizes following step
It is rapid: 1) to take a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establish seismic signal function；2) from the road that step 1) is chosen
Wavelet is extracted in data, establishes wavelet function；3) it is based on seismic signal function and wavelet function, obtains the when frequency division of seismic signal
Function is analysed, whether detected at each time sampling point in setting frequency range is seismic reflection point；4) one of seismic data is removed to carry out
Detection is completed until detecting to all seismic channels, obtains seismic reflector.
The embodiment is theoretical by signal time frequency analysis, derives and predict the position for being likely to occur seismic reflection, realizes
From the seismic profile of lower temporal resolution obtain reflecting interface.
In one example, seismic signal function s (t) is indicated are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
In one example, the time frequency analysis function representation of seismic signal are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
In one example, time sampling point t0When meeting following formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
The present embodiment selectes the seismic signal function and corresponding wavelet function of seismic channel by establishing, by continuous
Wavelet transformation obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, is detected whether each time sampling point for ground in setting frequency range
Shake reflection point simultaneously records, and then removes one of seismic data and is detected, and completes until detecting to all seismic channels, from relatively low
Restore the thin layer covered by low resolution wavelet in resolution seismic data.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for predicting seismic reflector, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
1) it takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establishes seismic signal function；
2) wavelet is extracted from the track data that step 1) is chosen, establishes wavelet function；
3) it is based on the seismic signal function and the wavelet function, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, in setting frequency
Whether detected at each time sampling point in section is seismic reflection point；
4) it removes one of seismic data to be detected, be completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflector.
2. the method for prediction seismic reflector according to claim 1, wherein the seismic signal function s (t) indicates
Are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
3. the method for prediction seismic reflector according to claim 1, wherein the wavelet function indicates are as follows:
Wherein,σ is the energy attenuation factor；When t is
Between.
4. the method for prediction seismic reflector according to claim 1, wherein the time frequency analysis letter of the seismic signal
Number indicates are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
5. the method for prediction seismic reflector according to claim 1, wherein the time sampling point t0Meet following public
When formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
6. the method for prediction seismic reflector according to claim 5, wherein if it is determined that the time sampling point t0Place
For seismic reflection point, then r (y is enabled0,x0,t0)=1, otherwise r (y0,x0,t0)=0；After the completion of the detection of all seismic channels, obtain
R (y, x, t) be the seismic reflector.
7. a kind of system for predicting seismic reflector, which is characterized in that the system comprises:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, when running the calculating executable instruction on the memory, the processor is performed the steps of
1) it takes a wherein track data for seismic data as input data, establishes seismic signal function；
2) wavelet is extracted from the track data that step 1) is chosen, establishes wavelet function；
3) it is based on the seismic signal function and the wavelet function, obtains the time frequency analysis function of seismic signal, in setting frequency
Whether detected at each time sampling point in section is seismic reflection point；
4) it removes one of seismic data to be detected, be completed until being detected to all seismic channels, obtain seismic reflector.
8. the system of prediction seismic reflector according to claim 7, wherein the seismic signal function s (t) indicates
Are as follows:
S (t)=r (y0,x0, t), (1)
Wherein, y0For line position；x0For road position；T is the time.
9. the system of prediction seismic reflector according to claim 7, wherein the time frequency analysis letter of the seismic signal
Number indicates are as follows:
S (t, f)=CWT (s (t), W (t)), (3)
Wherein, s (t) is seismic signal function；W (t) is wavelet function；CWT is continuous wavelet transform；F is frequency.
10. the system of prediction seismic reflector according to claim 7, wherein the time sampling point t0Meet following public
When formula, it is judged as seismic reflection point,
Wherein, t0For wavelet delay time；s(t0, f) and it is t0The seismic signal frequency spectrum at moment；F is frequency.
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