CN109581078B - Directional diagram measuring system and method suitable for antenna in half-space environment - Google Patents
Directional diagram measuring system and method suitable for antenna in half-space environment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional diagram measuring system and method suitable for an antenna in a half-space environment, wherein the directional diagram measuring system comprises a carrier platform, an antenna to be measured and a positioning measuring device; the antenna to be measured on the carrier platform is positioned in a half-space environment, and the antenna to be measured radiates a signal for measurement; the positioning and measuring device is used for measuring electric field information of the antenna to be measured on a near-field hemispherical surface with a specific radius, obtaining a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm based on the electric field information, and obtaining an antenna radiation pattern according to the spherical wave expansion coefficient; compared with the traditional microwave darkroom measurement, the invention provides the antenna near-field measurement in the external field environment (such as the ground), so that the antenna to be measured is subjected to electromagnetic radiation measurement in the real environment, and the actual working state of the antenna is researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave measurement, in particular to a directional diagram measuring system and method suitable for an antenna in a half-space environment.
Background
Antenna measurement is accompanied with antenna design and is an important means for guiding antenna design and verifying and checking antenna performance; the antenna measurement technology mainly comprises far field measurement and near field measurement, and for the near field measurement of the antenna, the principle is that in the distance of a plurality of wavelengths from the antenna to be measured, a probe with known electrical characteristics is used for scanning and measuring the amplitude and phase data of an electromagnetic field on a spherical surface of the near field of the antenna to be measured, and the far field characteristic of the antenna to be measured is calculated through mathematical transformation.
The existing antenna near field measurement method mostly adopts the traditional microwave darkroom measurement, the measurement distance required by the measurement technology is very small, the interference of the received external environment is very small, the precision is higher, the confidentiality is also guaranteed, and the all-weather uninterrupted test can be carried out without being influenced by weather. However, the traditional microwave darkroom measurement has disadvantages, the antenna measurement in the microwave darkroom only considers the radiation characteristics of the antenna and the carrier platform (such as a vehicle), and generally does not consider the electromagnetic influence of the external field environment (such as the ground) of the actual carrier platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In consideration of the limitation of the traditional microwave darkroom measurement technology, the invention provides the directional diagram measurement system and the directional diagram measurement method suitable for the antenna in the half-space environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a directional diagram measuring system suitable for an antenna in a half-space environment comprises a carrier platform, an antenna to be measured and a positioning measuring device;
the antenna to be measured on the carrier platform is positioned in a half-space environment, and the antenna to be measured radiates a signal for measurement; the positioning and measuring device is used for measuring electric field information of the antenna to be measured on the near-field hemispherical surface with the specific radius, obtaining a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm based on the electric field information, and obtaining an antenna radiation directional diagram according to the spherical wave expansion coefficient.
Preferably, the positioning measurement device comprises a positioning module, an electric field test device, a storage device and an auxiliary device.
Preferably, the positioning module is used for carrying electric field testing equipment to reach a specified spatial position, and the electric field testing equipment adopts a three-dimensional electric field recorder.
Preferably, the positioning and measuring device is used for measuring the electric field information of the antenna to be measured on the near-field hemispherical surface with the specific radius, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, the positioning measurement device reaches the designated position on the hemisphere with the antenna to be measured as the center of circle and R as the radius
Wherein, M is the number of space sampling points,
is the spherical coordinate space angle corresponding to the ith; theta is not less than 0i＜85°；
Measuring and recording the electric field information of the designated position by the positioning measuring device;
step S2, after the measurement and the record are finished, the positioning measurement device is moved to the next appointed position to be measured, and the electric field information of the antenna to be measured at the position is measured and recorded;
and step S3, repeating step S2 until the electric fields of all the points to be measured on the upper hemisphere are measured and recorded.
Preferably, after all the measurement data are obtained in step S3, the lower hemisphere is positioned in space, i.e., 85 ≦ θi＜180°；
And (4) adding 0 to the points on the area, so that antenna radiation near-field data on the whole complete spherical surface is obtained.
Preferably, based on the antenna radiation near-field data on the complete spherical surface, the spherical wave expansion coefficient is calculated by a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
sampled electric field value, Q, for a spherical near fieldsmnIs a spherical wave expansion coefficient; k and η represent the propagation constant and the wave-guide susceptance of free space, respectively; subscripts s, m, and n denote each spherical wave mode in the expansion, and s ═ 1 and 2 denote TE and TM waves, respectively;
is a spherical vector waveThe function, which is a function of the three variables r, theta,
the respective corresponding separation variable function, r is the radius of the spatial location point,
is the angle of the spatial location point; n is the number of truncation stages of the spherical vector wave function.
Preferably, the spherical wave unfolding system Q is obtained by sampling the electric field value of the spherical near fieldsmnThen, the radiation field value of any point in the far field is obtained by the following formula
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a spherical vector wave function under far-field conditions,
the radiation angle of the far field pattern and r is the distance of the far field.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a directional diagram measuring method suitable for the antenna in the half-space environment, which comprises the following steps:
placing an antenna to be measured on the carrier platform in a half-space environment, and radiating a signal for measurement by the antenna to be measured;
measuring the electric field information of the antenna to be measured on the near-field hemispherical surface with the specific radius by adopting the positioning measuring device;
and thirdly, based on the electric field information, obtaining a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm, and obtaining an antenna radiation directional diagram according to the spherical wave expansion coefficient.
Preferably, the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
step S21, the positioning measurement device reaches the designated position on the hemisphere with the antenna to be measured as the center of circle and R as the radius
Wherein, M is the number of space sampling points,
is the spherical coordinate space angle corresponding to the ith; theta is not less than 0i＜85°；
Measuring and recording the electric field information of the designated position by the positioning measuring device;
step S22, after the measurement and the record are finished, the positioning measurement device is moved to the next appointed position to be measured, and the electric field information of the antenna to be measured at the position is measured and recorded;
and step S23, repeating step S22 until the electric fields of all the points to be measured on the upper hemisphere are measured and recorded.
Preferably, after all the measurement data are obtained in step S23, the lower hemisphere is positioned in space, i.e., 85 ≦ θi＜180°；
And (4) adding 0 to the points on the area, so that antenna radiation near-field data on the whole complete spherical surface is obtained.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
compared with the traditional microwave darkroom measurement, the invention provides the antenna near-field measurement in the external field environment (such as the ground), so that the antenna to be measured is subjected to electromagnetic radiation measurement in the real environment, and the actual working state of the antenna is researched, and the measurement system and the method have great engineering value;
the measuring system and the method provided by the invention are particularly suitable for the antenna radiation problem in the external field environment under the condition of lower electromagnetic frequency (usually the working frequency is set to be 30 MHz-300 MHz), so that the antenna to be measured on the carrier platform is subjected to electromagnetic radiation measurement and analysis under the real environment, and the method has a good guiding function on the practical application of the antenna measurement technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of hemispherical near field measurement according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the near-field radiation electric field of the hemispherical measuring antenna of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna in a half-space environment according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram comparing the radiation pattern of the antenna obtained by the present invention with theory.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
The implementation provides a directional diagram measuring system suitable for an antenna in a half-space environment, and the system comprises a carrier platform (such as a vehicle), an antenna to be measured and a positioning measuring device; the positioning measurement device comprises a positioning module, a three-dimensional electric field recorder, a related storage device and other auxiliary devices. The working process of the measuring system is as follows:
(1) an antenna to be measured on a carrier platform (such as a vehicle) is positioned in a half-space environment (such as the ground), and the antenna to be measured radiates a signal for measurement.
(2) The method is characterized in that a positioning measurement device is used for realizing the radiation electric field test of an antenna to be tested at a set position, and the positioning measurement device mainly comprises the following steps:
a) the positioning module is used for carrying corresponding electric field testing equipment to reach a specified spatial position, and can be generally realized by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle;
b) the three-dimensional electric field recorder is used for measuring the electric field information of the position;
c) associated storage devices and other auxiliary devices.
(3) The positioning and measuring device is used for reaching the designated position on the hemispherical surface which takes the antenna to be measured as the center of a circle and R as the radius
Wherein, M is the number of space sampling points,
is the spherical coordinate space angle corresponding to the ith; for the upper half space, 0 ≦ θi＜85°；
(4) The electric field information at that location is measured by the positioning and measuring device and recorded in a three-dimensional electric field recorder, i.e.,
wherein E isx，Ey，EzElectric field components in the x, y, z directions, respectively. Accordingly, the electric field in a spherical coordinate system can be obtained by coordinate transformation:
wherein Er，Eθ，
Are measured at r, theta,
directional electric field component:
(5) after the measurement and the recording are finished, guiding the positioning measurement device to a next specified position to be measured, and measuring and recording electric field information of the antenna to be measured at the position;
(6) repeating the steps (3), (4) and (5) until the electric fields of all the points to be measured on the upper hemispherical surface are measured and recorded;
(7) 0-adding treatment of the lower half space: after all the measurement data are acquired, at the lower hemispherical spatial position, namely: theta is more than or equal to 85 degreesi＜180°；
Since the electric field is 0 at a position in the interval, the 0-adding process is performed for the point in the area, and the expression of the 0-adding process is:
thereby obtaining the antenna radiation electric field data on the whole complete sphere, as shown in fig. 2. In particular, the spatial sampling of both hemispheres satisfies the respective spatial sampling criterion.
(8) Post-processing of collected data: and (4) performing data storage on the spatial sampling point of the upper half space by using the related storage equipment, and then obtaining all near-field electric field data required by the spherical near-far field transformation based on the 0 adding processing on the lower half space in the step (7).
Calculating to obtain a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm based on the measured electric field data;
Qsmnis a spherical wave expansion coefficient, or a weighting coefficient in expansion; k and η represent the propagation constant and the wave-guide susceptance of free space, respectively; subscripts s, m, and n denote each spherical wave mode in the expansion, and s ═ 1 and 2 denote TE and TM waves, respectively;
is a spherical vector wave function and is formed by three variables r, theta,
a respective separate variable function. Wherein r is the radius of the spatial location point,
is the angle of the spatial location point; n is the number of truncation stages of the spherical vector wave function.
By sampling the electric field value of the spherical near field, the spherical wave expansion coefficient Q can be obtained by the formula (2)smn. And finally, obtaining the radiation field value of any point of the far field through the formula (4).
Is a spherical vector wave function under far-field conditions,
the radiation angle of the far field pattern and r is the distance of the far field.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna in a half-space environment according to the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the antenna radiation pattern obtained by the present invention and a theoretical value. It can be seen that the method proposed by the present invention has a considerable computational accuracy.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A directional diagram measuring system suitable for an antenna in a half-space environment is characterized by comprising a carrier platform, an antenna to be measured and a positioning measuring device;
the antenna to be measured on the carrier platform is positioned in a half-space environment, and the antenna to be measured radiates a signal for measurement; the positioning and measuring device is used for measuring electric field information of the antenna to be measured on a near-field hemispherical surface with a specific radius, obtaining a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm based on the electric field information, and obtaining an antenna radiation pattern according to the spherical wave expansion coefficient;
the positioning and measuring device is used for measuring the electric field information of the antenna to be measured on the near-field hemispherical surface with the specific radius, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, the positioning measurement device reaches the designated position on the hemisphere with the antenna to be measured as the center of circle and R as the radius
Wherein, M is the number of space sampling points,
the spherical coordinate space angle corresponding to the ith sampling point; theta is not less than 0i＜85°；
Measuring and recording the electric field information of the designated position by the positioning measuring device;
step S2, after the measurement and the record are finished, the positioning measurement device is moved to the next appointed position to be measured, and the electric field information of the antenna to be measured at the position is measured and recorded;
step S3, repeating step S2 until the electric fields of all the points to be measured on the upper hemisphere are measured and recorded;
after all the measurement data are obtained in the step S3, the lower hemisphere space position is 85 DEG theta or lessi＜180°；
And (4) adding 0 to the points on the area, so that antenna radiation near-field data on the whole complete spherical surface is obtained.
2. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein the positioning measurement device comprises a positioning module, an electric field test device, a storage device, and an auxiliary device.
3. The measurement system of claim 2, wherein the positioning module is configured to carry an electric field test device to a specified spatial location, the electric field test device being a three-dimensional electric field recorder.
4. The measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the spherical wave expansion coefficient is calculated by a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm based on antenna radiation near-field data on the complete sphere:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
sampled electric field value, Q, for a spherical near fieldsmnIs a spherical wave expansion coefficient; k and η represent the propagation constant and the wave-guide susceptance of free space, respectively; subscripts s, m, and n denote each spherical wave mode in the expansion, and s ═ 1 and 2 denote TE and TM waves, respectively;
is a spherical vector wave function and is formed by three variables r, theta,
the respective corresponding separation variable function, r is the radius of the spatial location point,
is the angle of the spatial location point; n is the number of truncation stages of the spherical vector wave function.
5. A measuring system according to claim 4, characterized in that the spherical wave expansion coefficient Q is obtained by sampling electric field values of a spherical near fieldsmnThen, the radiation field value of any point in the far field is obtained by the following formula
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a spherical vector wave function under the far field condition, r is the radius of a space position point,
is the angle of the spatial location point.
6. Method of measuring a system according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
placing an antenna to be measured on the carrier platform in a half-space environment, and radiating a signal for measurement by the antenna to be measured;
step two, measuring the electric field information of the antenna to be measured on the near-field hemispherical surface with the specific radius by adopting the positioning measuring device;
thirdly, based on the electric field information, obtaining a spherical wave expansion coefficient through a spherical near-far field transformation algorithm, and obtaining an antenna radiation directional diagram according to the spherical wave expansion coefficient; the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
step S21, the positioning measurement device reaches the designated position on the hemisphere with the antenna to be measured as the center of circle and R as the radius
Wherein, M is the number of space sampling points,
the spherical coordinate space angle corresponding to the ith sampling point; theta is not less than 0i＜85°；
Measuring and recording the electric field information of the designated position by the positioning measuring device;
step S22, after the measurement and the record are finished, the positioning measurement device is moved to the next appointed position to be measured, and the electric field information of the antenna to be measured at the position is measured and recorded;
step S23, repeating step S22 until the electric fields of all the points to be measured on the upper hemisphere are measured and recorded; after all the measurement data are obtained in the step S23, the lower hemisphere space position is 85 DEG theta or lessi＜180°；
And (4) adding 0 to the points on the area, so that antenna radiation near-field data on the whole complete spherical surface is obtained.
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