CN109578800A - Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109578800A CN109578800A CN201811601577.2A CN201811601577A CN109578800A CN 109578800 A CN109578800 A CN 109578800A CN 201811601577 A CN201811601577 A CN 201811601577A CN 109578800 A CN109578800 A CN 109578800A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium alloy
- inner container
- end socket
- high pressure
- alloy inner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N bakuchiol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(C=C)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and its manufacturing method, including direct tube section, and is located at the A end socket and B end socket at direct tube section both ends, and A bottleneck and B bottleneck are located on A end socket and B end socket；The length of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is 5-13m, and the nominal outside diameter of direct tube section is Φ 300- Φ 850mm, and the rated pressure of high pressure gas cylinder is 20-30Mpa.The processing method that the present invention totally uses spinning, product integrated welding seam-free, preparation process is simple, easy to operate, and low energy consumption, and pollution is small, and the loss of entire manufacturing process chinese raw materials is fewer, has saved the cost of raw material.The oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container that the manufacturing method of the present invention processes has the characteristics that wall is thin, light weight；Its interior material structure even compact, integral strength excellent effect have high pressure resistant property, have great importance to the manufacture of high pressure gas cylinder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-pressure bottle technical fields, and in particular to a kind of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and
Its manufacturing method.
Background technique
High pressure gas cylinder is widely used for the national economy such as industrial and mineral production, building, traffic, ocean, aviation, medical treatment, military affairs
Various industries.Capacity, bottle wall thickness and the manufacture craft and material of high pressure gas cylinder can all influence the performance of high pressure gas cylinder.Such as day
Right gas and hydrogen are given priority to and widely used clean energy resource in a kind of world wide.20-30MP high pressure gas is used at present
Bottle storage and transportation and use compressed natural gas (CNG), compression hydrogen and other compression industrial gasses are that these gases are conveyed from main line
To the major way with gas point, gas station and other places.
Currently, aluminum alloy inner container carbon fiber winds high pressure gas cylinder with many merits entirely, gradually replace traditional steel gas
Bottle, becomes the main product of world today's high pressure gas cylinder.Its advantage is as follows:
(1) substantially loss of weight；Using the gas cylinder of aluminium alloy inner container composite winding, material thickness is only steel cylinder under equal performance
50%-70%, and density is lower, thus its weight is only the 35%-40% of traditional steel cylinder.
(2) fail-safety is good；Aluminum alloy inner container carbon fiber full wrapped cylinders are compound using aluminium alloy inner container and carbon fiber
Material reinforcement, it is every square centimeter on fiber it is up to ten thousand up to thousands of, when gas cylinder overloads and a small amount of fibrous fracture occurs, carry
Lotus can distribute rapidly on unbroken fiber, this can make gas cylinder that will not lose carrying within short-term or even significant period of time
Ability greatly improves safety.
(3) damping property is good；Fiber In Composite Material and resin matrix interface have damping capaicty, and shock damping is good, acoustic resistive
It is also very high to shake fatigue behaviour.
(4) compared with the complicated procedures of forming that seamless steel gas cylinder needs, pressure stochastic distribution is more flexible, is easy transformation, work
Sequence is more simplified, also automation easy to accomplish, and energy consumption is well below the production process of steel gas cylinder.
For example, the aluminum alloy inner container carbon fiber full wrapped cylinders of outer diameter Φ 300- Φ 850mm, length 5-13m are mainly used as
The big capacity high pressures such as large-scale natural natural gas transportation tank car storage and transportation gas cylinder, gas station storage and transportation gas cylinder, CNG cargo ship storage and transportation gas cylinder
Storage and transportation gas cylinder.
But limited by material production and technical capability, China also fails to the aluminium alloy that production length is greater than 5m at present
Inner container carbon fiber full wrapped cylinders, key problem are exactly that aluminium alloy inner container can not manufacture.
In the above context, in order to greatly improve the storage and transportation ability of natural gas, hydrogen, industrial high-purity gas tank car, in order to
Further grasp the key technology and production of the storage and transportation apparatus such as large-scale compression natural gas, hydrogen and the air mixture with autonomous property right
Product, urgent need exploitation have that diameter is big, length is long, the high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of light weight, the characteristics such as highly reliable
Product.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and its manufacturing method.At least to solve at present
The problem of high pressure gas cylinder volume is small, and quality is overweight, poor reliability.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, oversize high pressure gas cylinder use aluminium alloy inner container as winding
For the liner of gas cylinder for storing compressed gas, the oversize high pressure gas cylinder is both ends closing in formed head with aluminium alloy inner container
And the integrated seamless structure of bottleneck, including A bottleneck, A end socket, direct tube section, B end socket and B bottleneck, the A end socket and B end socket point
Not Wei Yu the direct tube section both ends, the A bottleneck and B bottleneck are located on the A end socket and B end socket；The super large ruler
The length of very little high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is 5-13m, and the nominal outside diameter of the direct tube section is Φ 300- Φ 850mm, described
The rated pressure of high pressure gas cylinder is 20-30Mpa.
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that the wall thickness of the direct tube section is 3-10mm,
The whole straightness of the direct tube section is not more than 0.5mm/m；
Preferably, the tolerance of the wall thickness of the direct tube section is less than or equal to ± 0.15mm；
More preferably, the direct tube section arbitrary line fragment position part straightness is not more than 0.5mm/300mm；
More preferably, the circularity of the direct tube section any position is not more than 0.5mm；
More preferably, the inside surface roughness of the direct tube section is less than Ra1.6 μm, the outer surface roughness of the direct tube section
Less than Ra3.2 μm.
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that the structure type of the end socket is ellipsoid
Type end socket, disk bottom or dome-type end socket, the structure type of the A end socket is identical as the structure type of the B end socket, described
The thickness of end socket is thickened from edge to the uniform gradual change in bottleneck position；
Preferably, the thickness of the end socket is thickened from the 5-8mm at edge to the uniform gradual change of the 10-15mm at bottleneck position；
More preferably, the length of the bottleneck is 40mm, the outer diameter of the bottleneck is 50mm, and the internal diameter of the bottleneck is
28mm。
The manufacturing method of described in any item oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner containers as above, it is preferable that the manufacture
Method includes the following steps:
S1, aluminium alloy inner container spinning control is standby, using ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment to the direct tube section of seamless tubular goods into
The processing of row multi-pass strength outward turning pressing formation, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S1a, the rotary press modelling of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe direct tube section, uses ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment with tension three
Spinning roller mistake carries out multiple spinning process to seamless tubular goods away from dextrorotation spin-on process, obtains spinning part A；Floating core die is used when spinning
Carry out spinning secondary process；In spinning manufacturing process, one end using tractive force traction seamless tubular goods extends outwardly, tractive force
Lead is opposite with the flow direction of material；The tractive force is constant force, the deformation velocity of the adaptive material of hauling speed；
Seamless tubular goods is axially fixed on traction mechanism by traction one end, it is ensured that by the radial free of traction one end；It is filled using positioning
Set and the radial direction of the other end of seamless tubular goods be fixed and supported, it is ensured that the other end of seamless tubular goods it is axially free；
S1b, the Processing to length of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe determine spinning part A obtained in step S1a using sawing machine
Long processing, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S1c, the cleaning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, using cleaning machine to aluminium alloy inner container spinning obtained in step S1b
Pipe is cleaned；
S1d, flaw detection carry out ultrasonic inspection to the direct tube section of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1c, in inspection
Surface pores is mingled with, is recessed, the defect of micro-crack；
S2, the reconditioning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe carry out interior appearance to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1
The reconditioning that face scratches, damages；
The rotary press modelling of S3, end socket and bottleneck；
S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore；
S5, curved surface flaw detection；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to being found in step S5
End socket defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
S7, heat treatment carry out T6 process to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S6, obtain oversize high pressure
Gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base；
S8, bottleneck processing, using overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium obtained in step S7
The A bottleneck of alloy liner base and the internal diameter and outer diameter of B bottleneck are machined out respectively, and process bottle outlet internal screw thread, are surpassed
Large scale high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container；
S9, liner cleaning, uses oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S8 using horizontal gas bottle liner cleaning machine
The inner cavity of aluminium alloy inner container carries out high pressure water spray cleaning, removes processing pollution object.
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that in the step S1: institute
The three spinning roller mistake of tension stated in step S1a is set as 6-12mm away from amount away from the mistake in dextrorotation spin-on process；
Preferably, the cleaning machine in the step S1c is rotary spray cleaning machine or supersonic cleaning machine；
Preferably, the cleaning of the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe is completed using the neutral cleaners for heating 30-45 DEG C；
More preferably, formula drying unit removal remained on surface water is stretched using interior after the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe cleaning
Stain.
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that the step S2 is specific
Include the following steps:
S21 carries out reconditioning using outer surface of the cloth abrasive band to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S22 carries out thick reconditioning using inner surface of the Chiba fabric disc to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S23 carries out refine mill using inner surface of the scouring pad wheel to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe.
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that the step S3 are as follows: adopt
Being spun into for end socket and bottleneck is carried out respectively to the opening at the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe both ends with heating closing in spinning machine
Type obtains rotary press modelling part B；The rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket and B end socket at direct tube section and direct tube section both ends；Specific packet
Include following steps:
S31, clamping carry out aluminium conjunction using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
The clamping of golden liner spinning pipe
S32, heating, to being heated to 200-400 DEG C at the spinning to be closed up of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
The formed spinning of S33, end socket and bottleneck, using unilateral X straight line, Z straight line and rotation three-dimensional insertion packing closing in spinning
Machine carries out multi-pass closing in spinning to the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe heated in step S32；
S34 repeats the operation of step S31, S32, S33 to the other end of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, obtains rotary press modelling
Part B；The rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket and B end socket at direct tube section and direct tube section both ends；
Preferably, the heating in the step S32 carries out burning bright eruption heating using oxygen, propane/LNG.
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method as described above, it is preferable that in oversize high pressure gas
In bottle aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method:
The A end socket and B end socket at the both ends rotary press modelling part B obtained in step S3 are distinguished in S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore
The machining for carrying out bottleneck centre bore, obtains rotary press modelling part C；
S5, curved surface flaw detection carry out closing in quality flaw detection to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S4, examine end socket position
Whether the manufacturing deficiency of orange peel, folding is had；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to being found in step S5
End socket defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
Wherein it is preferred to which the step S6 specifically comprises the following steps:
S61, using clamping tooling clamping rotary press modelling part C；
S62, the automatic endoscope system automatic Observation carried using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool judge that end socket inner surface lacks
Situation is fallen into, corresponding position is recorded, and combines artificial confirmation；
S63, using the end socket inner mold face slot trimming mechanism of end socket inner surface grinding machine tool in the end socket found in step S5
Surface defect carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
Preferably, the clamping tooling of the rotary press modelling part C is the hollow clamping tooling of split-type；
Preferably, end socket inner mold face reconditioning is numerical control automatic grinding mechanism, programmable to independently execute.
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described above, it is preferable that the step S7 includes
Following steps:
S71, clamping, using the equidistant clamping rotary press modelling part C of the dedicated heat treatment tooling of multiple split-types；
S72, quenching treatment, is put into glowing furnace for the rotary press modelling part C of clamping in step S71 and is quenched, will revolve
Molded part C is heated to 525-531 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 2-4 hours in 525-531 DEG C of environment, then carries out rotary press modelling part C
Quenching；
Quenched rotary press modelling part C is transferred to aging furnace and carries out ageing treatment, finally in 160- by S73, ageing treatment
6-10 hours are kept the temperature in 200 DEG C of environment, oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base is made；
Preferably, the quenching and timeliness are heat-treated using horizontal continuous quenching, aging furnace.
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method as described above, it is preferable that the step S8 is specifically wrapped
Include following steps:
S81, using multiple split-types being fixed on platen from clamping device clamping high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy
Liner base；
S82, bottleneck machining, using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas obtained in step S6
The A bottleneck of bottle aluminium alloy inner container base and outer diameter, internal diameter and the bottleneck internal screw thread of B bottleneck carry out High-speed machining, obtain super large ruler
Length, the outer diameter and inner diameter size of very little high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, the A bottleneck and B bottleneck be 40mm,
50mm、28mm。
Compared with the immediate prior art, technical solution provided by the invention is had the following beneficial effects:
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container provided by the invention, the overall processing for using spinning
Method, preparation process is simple, easy to operate, and low energy consumption, and pollution is small, and the loss of entire manufacturing process chinese raw materials is fewer, section
The about cost of raw material.
In the aluminium alloy inner container spinning process of oversize, creative leads the present invention using floating core die cooperation is constant
The method of gravitation, it is ensured that can smoothly process the high pressure gas cylinder liner of oversize.In heat treatment stages, in order to avoid
The deformation of the aluminium alloy inner container of oversize is continuously heat-treated using horizontal continuous quenching, aging furnace, ensure that hot place
Quality is managed, the generation of deformation is avoided.
The oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container that the manufacturing method of the present invention processes, nominal outside diameter Φ
300- Φ 850mm, volume are much higher than the volume of existing standard aluminium alloy inner container；The wall thickness of direct tube section is 3-10mm, has wall
The characteristics of thin, light weight；The tensile strength of direct tube section is more than or equal to 345MPa, yield strength is more than or equal to 310MPa, elongation percentage
More than or equal to 15%；Direct tube section any position organizes grain size to be more than or equal to 5 grades according to ASTME112 standard, interior material structure
Even compact, integral strength excellent effect have high pressure resistant property, have great importance to the manufacture of high pressure gas cylinder.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the manufacturing method flow chart of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1, A bottleneck；2, A end socket；3, direct tube section；4, B end socket；5, B bottleneck.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is general
Logical technical staff's every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention be can be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, term " connected ", " connection " used in the present invention shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, can
To be to be fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection；It can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected by intermediate member, it is right
For those skilled in the art, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
The present invention provides a kind of manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, oversize high pressure gas cylinder
It is process by seamless tubular goods by this manufacturing method with aluminium alloy inner container；As shown in Figure 1, oversize high pressure gas cylinder is closed with aluminium
Golden liner is the integrated seamless structure of both ends closing in formed head and bottleneck, including A bottleneck 1, A end socket 2, direct tube section 3, B envelope
First 4 and B bottleneck 5, A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 are located at the both ends of direct tube section 3, and A bottleneck 1 and B bottleneck 5 are located at A end socket 2
On B end socket 4；The length of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container be 5-13m (such as 5.5m, 6m, 6.5m, 7m,
7.5m, 8m, 8.5m, 9m, 9.5m, 10m, 10.5m, 11m, 11.5m, 12m, 12.5m), the nominal outside diameter of direct tube section 3 is Φ 300-
Φ 850mm (such as Ф 350mm, Ф 400mm, Ф 450mm, Ф 500mm, Ф 550mm, Ф 600mm, Ф 650mm, Ф 700mm,
Ф 750mm, Ф 800mm), the rated pressure of high pressure gas cylinder be 20-30Mpa (such as 21Mpa, 22Mpa, 23Mpa, 24Mpa,
25Mpa,26Mpa,27Mpa,28Mpa,29Mpa).The structure type of end socket is spheroid shape end socket, disk bottom or dome-type envelope
The structure type of head, A end socket 2 is identical as the structure type of B end socket 4, and the thickness of end socket is from edge to the uniform gradual change in bottleneck position
It thickens；, in an embodiment of the present invention, the structure type of A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 is dish-like；As shown in Fig. 2, of the invention
The manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container includes the following steps:
S1, aluminium alloy inner container spinning control is standby, using ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment to the direct tube section 3 of seamless tubular goods into
The processing of row multi-pass strength outward turning pressing formation, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S1a, the rotary press modelling of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe direct tube section 3, uses ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment with tension
Three spinning roller mistakes carry out 2-4 (such as 2 times, 3 times, 4 times) spinning process to seamless tubular goods away from dextrorotation spin-on process, obtain spinning part
A.In an embodiment of the present invention, three spinning roller mistake of tension away from dextrorotation spin-on process it is wrong away from amount be set as 6-12mm (such as
6.5mm,7mm,7.5mm,8mm,8.5mm,9mm,9.5mm,10mm,10.5mm,11mm,11.5mm)；1-2m is used when spinning
(such as 1.1m, 1.2m, 1.3m, 1.4m, 1.5m, 1.6m, 1.7m, 1.8m, 1.9m) long floating core die carries out spinning auxiliary and adds
Work；Seamless tubular goods is 55%-70% through spinning treated total deformation；In an embodiment of the present invention, when total deformation is big
Intermediate annealing process should be carried out when 70%.Spinning part A is the direct tube section 3 of uniform thickness straight tube or both ends with outer circumferential end frame.?
In the spinning manufacturing process of this step, one end using tractive force traction seamless tubular goods extends outwardly, the lead of tractive force
It is opposite with the flow direction of material；Tractive force is constant force, the deformation velocity of the adaptive material of hauling speed；Seamless tubular goods is led
Draw being axially fixed on traction mechanism of one end, it is ensured that by traction one end it is radial freely；Using positioning device to seamless tubular goods
The radial direction of the other end be fixed and support, it is ensured that the other end of seamless tubular goods it is axially free.
S1b, the Processing to length of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe determine spinning part A obtained in step S1a using sawing machine
Long processing, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；In an embodiment of the present invention, sawing machine uses double end automatic sawing machine, and saw blade uses
The dedicated saw blade of aluminium alloy.
S1c, the cleaning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe add 30-45 DEG C using rotary spray cleaning machine or supersonic cleaning machine
Neutral cleaners aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1b is cleaned；Formula baking is stretched in using after the completion of cleaning
It is water stain that equipment for drying removes remained on surface.
S1d, flaw detection carry out ultrasonic inspection to the direct tube section 3 of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1c, check
Inner surface stomata, be mingled with, be recessed, micro-crack the defects of；
S2, the reconditioning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, using overlength numerical control internal-external cavetto grinding machine to aluminium obtained in step S1
The reconditioning that alloy liner spinning pipe carries out surfaces externally and internally scuffing, damages；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S21 carries out reconditioning using outer surface of the cloth abrasive band to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S22 carries out thick reconditioning using inner surface of the Chiba fabric disc to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S23 carries out refine mill using inner surface of the scouring pad wheel to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe.
The rotary press modelling of S3, end socket and bottleneck opens aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe both ends using heating closing in spinning machine
The rotary press modelling for carrying out end socket and bottleneck at mouthful respectively, obtains rotary press modelling part B；Rotary press modelling part B includes direct tube section 3 and straight tube
The A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 at 3 both ends of section；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S31, clamping carry out aluminium conjunction using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
The clamping of golden liner spinning pipe；
S32, heating, using oxygen, the burning of propane/LNG to being sprayed at the spinning to be closed up of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe
Flame is heated to 200-400 DEG C (such as 220 DEG C, 240 DEG C, 260 DEG C, 280 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 320 DEG C, 340 DEG C, 360 DEG C, 380 DEG C)；
The formed spinning of S33, end socket and bottleneck, using unilateral X straight line, Z straight line and rotation three-dimensional insertion packing closing in spinning
Machine carries out 10-18 passage (such as 10 passages, 11 passages, 12 passages, 13 to the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe that heats in step S32
Passage, 14 passages, 15 passages, 16 passages, 17 passages, 18 passages) closing in spinning, in spinning process, the road closing in spinning 1-8
Secondary (such as 2 passages, 3 passages, 4 passages, 5 passages, 6 passages, 7 passages) have derotation, for thickening for bottleneck position；It is obtained
The thickness of end socket by edge 5-8mm (such as 5.2mm, 5.4mm, 5.6mm, 5.8mm, 6mm, 6.2mm, 6.4mm, 6.6mm,
6.8mm, 7mm, 7.3mm, 7.6mm, 7.8mm) to bottleneck position 10-15mm (such as 10.5mm, 11mm, 11.5mm, 12mm,
12.5mm, 13mm, 13.5mm, 14mm, 14.5mm) uniformly gradual change thicken；
S34 repeats the operation of step S31, S32, S33 to the other end of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, obtains rotary press modelling
Part B；Rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 at 3 both ends of direct tube section 3 and direct tube section.
S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore, the split-type being fixed on platen using 2-3 are carried out from clamping device
The clamping of rotary press modelling part B；Using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to the A at the both ends rotary press modelling part B obtained in step S3
End socket 2 and B end socket 4 carry out the machining of bottleneck centre bore respectively, obtain rotary press modelling part C；It is ready for subsequent heat treatment；
S5, curved surface flaw detection, using Special curved surface ultrasound automatic flaw detector to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S4 into
The flaw detection of row closing in quality, examines whether end socket position has the manufacturing deficiencies such as orange peel, folding；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to being sent out in step S5
Existing end socket defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S61, using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device clamping rotary press modelling part after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
C；
S62, the automatic endoscope system automatic Observation carried using dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool judge 2 and of A end socket
The defect in inner surface situation of B end socket 4 records corresponding position, and combines artificial confirmation；
S63, using the numerical control automatic grinding mechanism of dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to the end socket found in step S5
Defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C, during reconditioning, numerical control automatic grinding mechanism can
Programming independently executes.
S7, heat treatment carry out T6 process to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S6, obtain oversize high pressure
Gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S71, clamping, using the 3-5 equidistant clamping spinning of (such as 3,4,5) the dedicated heat treatment tooling of split-type
Molded part C prevents its heat-treatment distortion；Multiple rotary press modelling part C are placed on solid by the dedicated heat treatment tooling of split-type
It is heat-treated in the movements and postures of actors, convenient for primary heat treatment more than one piece rotary press modelling part C.
The rotary press modelling part C of clamping in step S71, is put into the roller of horizontal continuous quenching, aging furnace by S72, quenching treatment
It on road, is sent into quenching chamber and is quenched, rotary press modelling part C is heated to 525-531 DEG C (such as 525.5 in quenching chamber
DEG C, 526 DEG C, 526.5 DEG C, 527 DEG C, 527.5 DEG C, 528 DEG C, 528.5 DEG C, 529 DEG C, 529.5 DEG C, 530 DEG C, 530.5 DEG C), and
In 525-531 DEG C of (such as 525.5 DEG C, 526 DEG C, 526.5 DEG C, 527 DEG C, 527.5 DEG C, 528 DEG C, 528.5 DEG C, 529 DEG C, 529.5
DEG C, 530 DEG C, 530.5 DEG C) keep the temperature 2-4 hours in environment (for example (,) 2.2 hours, 2.4 hours, 2.6 hours, 2.8 hours, 3 hours,
3.2 hours, 3.4 hours, 3.6 hours, 3.8 hours), rotary press modelling part C is then subjected to water fog medium quenching；It is answered in quenching
Guarantee that all the contact water mist time is not greater than 5s to oversize high pressure gas cylinder with aluminium alloy inner container.
Quenched rotary press modelling part C is transferred to aging furnace and carries out ageing treatment, finally in 160- by S73, ageing treatment
Keep the temperature 6-10 hours in 200 DEG C of (such as 165 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 180 DEG C, 185 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 195 DEG C) environment (such as
6.3 hours, 6.6 hours, 7 hours, 7.3 hours, 7.7 hours, 8 hours, 8.4 hours, 8.7 hours, 9 hours, 9.3 hours, 9.7
Hour), oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base is made.
S8, bottleneck processing, using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S7
It is machined out respectively with the internal diameter and outer diameter of the A bottleneck 1 of aluminium alloy inner container base and B bottleneck 5, and processes bottle outlet internal screw thread,
Obtain oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S81 is fixed on the split-type on platen from clamping device clamping high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy using 2-3
Liner base；
S82, bottleneck machining, using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas obtained in step S7
The A bottleneck 1 of bottle aluminium alloy inner container base and outer diameter, internal diameter and the bottleneck internal screw thread of B bottleneck 5 carry out High-speed machining, obtain super large
Length, the outer diameter and inner diameter size of size high voltage gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, A bottleneck 1 and B bottleneck 5 be 40mm,
50mm、28mm。
S9, liner cleaning, using special horizontal cylinder liner cleaning machine to oversize high pressure gas obtained in step S8
The inner cavity of bottle aluminium alloy inner container carries out high pressure water spray cleaning, removes aluminium skimmings and other processing pollution objects；The step is specifically wrapped
Include following steps:
S91 is placed on oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is horizontal on special vertical cylinder liner cleaning machine,
Enter special horizontal cylinder liner cleaning machine spraying mechanism inside liner, fixed liner；
S92 is sprayed using high pressure water or is cleaned by ultrasonic mode to the inner cavity of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container
It is cleaned, removes aluminium skimmings and other processing pollution objects；
S93, cleaning finish 45 ° of rear-inclined pourings；
S94 carries out liner drying using interior formula steam drying machine of stretching.
S10, product inspection are tested to the oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S9 with aluminium alloy inner container, are obtained
To the finished product of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container.
S11 carries out carbon fiber winding to the finished product of the obtained oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of step S10,
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder is obtained, the ultimate pressure capacity situation of the oversize high pressure gas cylinder is detected.
The oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container prepared through the manufacturing method of the present invention, the length is 5-13m, directly
The nominal outside diameter of cylinder section 3 is Φ 300- Φ 850mm, and the wall thickness of direct tube section 3 is 3-10mm, and the whole straightness of direct tube section 3 is little
In 0.5mm/m；The tolerance of the wall thickness of direct tube section 3 is less than or equal to ± 0.15mm；3 arbitrary line fragment position part straightness of direct tube section
No more than 0.5mm/300mm；The circularity of 3 any position of direct tube section is not more than 0.5mm；The inside surface roughness of direct tube section 3 is less than
Ra1.6 μm, the outer surface roughness of direct tube section 3 is less than Ra3.2 μm.Oversize high pressure gas made from the manufacturing method of the present invention
The volume of bottle aluminium alloy inner container is much higher than the volume of existing standard aluminium alloy inner container, while also having wall thickness thin, high pressure resistant
With the characteristics such as light weight.
Embodiment 1
A kind of diameter 300mm, length 10m are prepared, wall thickness is the oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of 6mm,
High pressure gas cylinder rated pressure requires to be 25Mpa, specifically includes following operating procedure:
S1, aluminium alloy inner container spinning control is standby, using ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment to the direct tube section 3 of seamless tubular goods into
The processing of row multi-pass strength outward turning pressing formation, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S1a, the rotary press modelling of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe direct tube section 3, uses ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment with tension
Three spinning roller mistakes away from dextrorotation spin-on process to length be 1600mm seamless tubular goods carry out 4 spinning processes, three spinning roller mistake of tension away from
Mistake in dextrorotation spin-on process is set as 6mm away from amount；Spinning secondary process is carried out using the floating core die of m long when spinning；It obtains
Spinning part A, spinning part A are the direct tube section 3 of uniform thickness straight tube or both ends with outer circumferential end frame.In the spinning manufacturing process of this step
In, one end using tractive force traction seamless tubular goods extends outwardly, and the lead of tractive force and the flow direction of material are opposite；
Tractive force is constant force, the deformation velocity of the adaptive material of hauling speed；Seamless tubular goods is led by being axially fixed in for one end of traction
Draw in mechanism, it is ensured that by the radial free of traction one end；Consolidated using radial direction of the positioning device to the other end of seamless tubular goods
Fixed and support, it is ensured that the other end of seamless tubular goods it is axially free.The size of spinning part A are as follows: total length 12500mm, straight tube
Section 3 with a thickness of 6mm, both ends step section is with a thickness of 9mm.
S1b, the Processing to length of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, using double end automatic sawing machine to spinning obtained in step S1a
Part A carries out Processing to length, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；The length of the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe direct tube section 3 is
12000mm；
S1c, the cleaning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe are added in 35 DEG C using rotary spray cleaning machine or supersonic cleaning machine
Property cleaning agent cleans aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1b；Formula drying dress is stretched in using after the completion of cleaning
It is water stain to set removal remained on surface.
S1d, flaw detection carry out ultrasonic inspection to the direct tube section 3 of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1c, check
Inner surface stomata, be mingled with, be recessed, micro-crack the defects of；
S2, the reconditioning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, using overlength numerical control internal-external cavetto grinding machine to aluminium obtained in step S1
The reconditioning that alloy liner spinning pipe carries out surfaces externally and internally scuffing, damages；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S21 carries out reconditioning using outer surface of the cloth abrasive band to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S22 carries out thick reconditioning using inner surface of the Chiba fabric disc to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S23 carries out refine mill using inner surface of the scouring pad wheel to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe.
The rotary press modelling of S3, end socket and bottleneck opens aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe both ends using heating closing in spinning machine
The rotary press modelling for carrying out end socket and bottleneck at mouthful respectively, obtains rotary press modelling part B；Rotary press modelling part B includes direct tube section 3 and straight tube
The A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 at 3 both ends of section；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S31, clamping carry out aluminium conjunction using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
The clamping of golden liner spinning pipe；
S32, heating, using oxygen, the burning of propane/LNG to being sprayed at the spinning to be closed up of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe
Flame is heated to 300 DEG C；
The formed spinning of S33, end socket and bottleneck, using unilateral X straight line, Z straight line and rotation three-dimensional insertion packing closing in spinning
Machine carries out 12 passage closing in spinning to the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe heated in step S32；In spinning process, closing in spinning band
There are 4 derotations, for thickening for bottleneck position；The thickness of end socket obtained is uniform from the 8mm at edge to the 12mm at bottleneck position
Gradual change thickens；
S34 repeats the operation of step S31, S32, S33 to the other end of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, obtains rotary press modelling
Part B；Rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket 2 and B end socket 4 at 3 both ends of direct tube section 3 and direct tube section.
S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore, the split-type being fixed on platen using 2 are revolved from clamping device
The clamping of molded part B；It is sealed using A of the dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to the both ends rotary press modelling part B obtained in step S3
First 2 and B end socket 4 carry out the machining of bottleneck centre bore respectively, obtain rotary press modelling part C；It is ready for subsequent heat treatment；
S5, curved surface flaw detection, using Special curved surface ultrasound automatic flaw detector to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S4 into
The flaw detection of row closing in quality, examines whether end socket position has the manufacturing deficiencies such as orange peel, folding；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to being sent out in step S5
Existing end socket defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S61, using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device clamping rotary press modelling part after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
C；
S62, the automatic endoscope system automatic Observation carried using dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool judge 2 and of A end socket
The defect in inner surface situation of B end socket 4 records corresponding position, and combines artificial confirmation；
S63, using the numerical control automatic grinding mechanism of dedicated end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to the end socket found in step S5
Defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C, during reconditioning, numerical control automatic grinding mechanism can
Programming independently executes.
S7, heat treatment carry out T6 process to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S6, obtain oversize high pressure
Gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S71, clamping are prevented at its heat using the equidistant clamping rotary press modelling part C of 4 dedicated heat treatment toolings of split-type
Reason deformation；Multiple rotary press modelling part C are placed in the three-dimensional heat treatment movements and postures of actors by the dedicated heat treatment tooling of split-type, are convenient for one
Secondary heat treatment more than one piece rotary press modelling part C.
The rotary press modelling part C of clamping in step S71, is put into the roller of horizontal continuous quenching, aging furnace by S72, quenching treatment
On road, it is sent into quenching chamber and is quenched, rotary press modelling part C is heated to 525-531 DEG C in quenching chamber, and in 525-
3.5 hours are kept the temperature in 531 DEG C of environment, rotary press modelling part C is then subjected to water fog medium quenching；It should ensure that super large ruler in quenching
With aluminium alloy inner container, all the contact water mist time is not greater than 5s to very little high pressure gas cylinder.
Quenched rotary press modelling part C is transferred to aging furnace and carries out ageing treatment, finally 170 by S73, ageing treatment
10 hours are kept the temperature in DEG C environment, oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base is made.
S8, bottleneck processing, using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S7
It is machined out respectively with the internal diameter and outer diameter of the A bottleneck 1 of aluminium alloy inner container base and B bottleneck 5, and processes bottle outlet internal screw thread,
Obtain oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S81, the split-type being fixed on platen using 4 is from clamping device clamping high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy
Gallbladder base；
S82, bottleneck machining, using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas obtained in step S7
The A bottleneck 1 of bottle aluminium alloy inner container base and outer diameter, internal diameter and the bottleneck internal screw thread of B bottleneck 5 carry out High-speed machining, obtain super large
Length, the outer diameter and inner diameter size of size high voltage gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, A bottleneck 1 and B bottleneck 5 be 40mm,
50mm、28mm。
S9, liner cleaning, using special horizontal cylinder liner cleaning machine to oversize high pressure gas obtained in step S8
The inner cavity of bottle aluminium alloy inner container carries out high pressure water spray cleaning, removes aluminium skimmings and other processing pollution objects；The step is specifically wrapped
Include following steps:
S91 is placed on oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is horizontal on special vertical cylinder liner cleaning machine,
Enter special horizontal cylinder liner cleaning machine spraying mechanism inside liner, fixed liner；
S92 is sprayed using high pressure water or is cleaned by ultrasonic mode to the inner cavity of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container
It is cleaned, removes aluminium skimmings and other processing pollution objects；
S93, cleaning finish 45 ° of rear-inclined pourings；
S94 carries out liner drying using interior formula steam drying machine of stretching.
S10, product inspection test to the oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S9 with aluminium alloy inner container, portion
Sub-item is inspected by random samples, is surveyed to the tissue grain size of any six positions of the high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of sampling observation
Amount, the tissue grain size of measurement result six positions is respectively 6 grades according to ASTME112 standard, 6 grades, 7 grades, 7 grades, 6 grades, 5
Grade, to the tensile strength of the direct tube section 3 of the high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of sampling observation.Yield strength and elongation percentage are surveyed respectively
Amount, through measuring, the tensile strength of direct tube section 3 is 345MPa, yield strength 310MPa, elongation percentage 16%, the production of this batch
Product is qualified, obtains the finished product of high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container.
S11 carries out carbon fiber winding to the finished product of the obtained oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container of step S10,
Oversize high pressure gas cylinder is obtained, the ultimate pressure capacity situation of the oversize high pressure gas cylinder is detected.
By examining, the tissue grain size of any position of high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container made from the present embodiment according to
ASTME112 standard class is all larger than equal to 5 grades, and the tensile strength of direct tube section 3 is 345MPa, yield strength 310MPa, extends
Rate is 16%；Carrying out the high pressure gas cylinder test limits pressure obtained after liner winding is 72Mpa, meets rated pressure 25Mpa's
It is required that.
In conclusion the manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container provided by the invention, overall to use
The processing method of spinning, low energy consumption, pollute it is small, the loss of entire manufacturing process chinese raw materials is fewer, saved raw material at
This.The oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container that the manufacturing method of the present invention processes, nominal outside diameter are Φ 300- Φ
850mm, volume are much higher than the volume of existing standard aluminium alloy inner container；The wall thickness of direct tube section is 3-10mm, the thin, matter with wall thickness
Measure light feature；The tensile strength of direct tube section meets the requirement for being more than or equal to 345Mpa, yield strength satisfaction is more than or equal to
The requirement of 310Mpa, elongation percentage meet the requirement more than or equal to 15%；Direct tube section any position organize grain size according to
ASTME112 standard is more than or equal to 5 grades, and interior material structure even compact, integral strength excellent effect has high pressure resistant property,
Have great importance to the manufacture of high pressure gas cylinder.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Mind and principle within, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, accompanying claims protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container, which is characterized in that the oversize high pressure gas cylinder is closed with aluminium
Golden liner is used to store compressed gas as the liner of winding gas cylinder, and the oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is two
The integrated seamless structure of closing in formed head and bottleneck, including A bottleneck, A end socket, direct tube section, B end socket and B bottleneck are held, it is described
A end socket and B end socket are located at the both ends of the direct tube section, and the A bottleneck and B bottleneck are located at the A end socket and B end socket
On；The length of the oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container is 5-13m, and the nominal outside diameter of the direct tube section is Φ 300-
Φ 850mm, the rated pressure of the high pressure gas cylinder are 20-30Mpa.
2. oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the wall of the direct tube section
Thickness is 3-10mm, and the whole straightness of the direct tube section is not more than 0.5mm/m；
Preferably, the tolerance of the wall thickness of the direct tube section is less than or equal to ± 0.15mm；
More preferably, the direct tube section arbitrary line fragment position part straightness is not more than 0.5mm/300mm；
More preferably, the circularity of the direct tube section any position is not more than 0.5mm；
More preferably, the inside surface roughness of the direct tube section is less than Ra1.6 μm, and the outer surface roughness of the direct tube section is less than
Ra3.2μm。
3. oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the structure of the end socket
Type is spheroid shape end socket, disk bottom or dome-type end socket, the structure class of the structure type of the A end socket and the B end socket
Type is identical, and the thickness of the end socket is thickened from edge to the uniform gradual change in bottleneck position；
Preferably, the thickness of the end socket is thickened from the 5-8mm at edge to the uniform gradual change of the 10-15mm at bottleneck position；
More preferably, the length of the bottleneck is 40mm, the outer diameter of the bottleneck is 50mm, and the internal diameter of the bottleneck is 28mm.
4. a kind of manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as described in any one of claims 1 to 3,
It is characterized in that, the manufacturing method includes the following steps:
S1, aluminium alloy inner container spinning control is standby, is carried out using direct tube section of the ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment to seamless tubular goods more
The processing of passage strength outward turning pressing formation, obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；The step specifically comprises the following steps:
S1a, the rotary press modelling of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe direct tube section, uses ultra-long barrel spinning with tension equipment with three spinning roller of tension
Mistake carries out multiple spinning process to seamless tubular goods away from dextrorotation spin-on process, obtains spinning part A；It is carried out when spinning using floating core die
Spinning secondary process；In spinning manufacturing process, one end using tractive force traction seamless tubular goods extends outwardly, the traction of tractive force
Direction is opposite with the flow direction of material；The tractive force is constant force, the deformation velocity of the adaptive material of hauling speed；It is seamless
Tubing is axially fixed on traction mechanism by traction one end, it is ensured that by the radial free of traction one end；Using positioning device pair
The radial direction of the other end of seamless tubular goods is fixed and supports, it is ensured that the other end of seamless tubular goods it is axially free；
S1b, the Processing to length of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe carry out fixed length to spinning part A obtained in step S1a using sawing machine and add
Work obtains aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S1c, the cleaning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, using cleaning machine to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1b into
Row cleaning；
S1d, flaw detection carry out ultrasonic inspection to the direct tube section of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1c, check inner surface
Stomata is mingled with, is recessed, the defect of micro-crack；
S2, the reconditioning of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe carry out surfaces externally and internally to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe obtained in step S1 and draw
The reconditioning hurt, damaged；
The rotary press modelling of S3, end socket and bottleneck；
S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore；
S5, curved surface flaw detection；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to the end socket found in step S5
Defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
S7, heat treatment carry out T6 process to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S6, obtain oversize high pressure gas cylinder
With aluminium alloy inner container base；
S8, bottleneck processing, using overlength bottleneck machining center to oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy obtained in step S7
The A bottleneck of liner base and the internal diameter and outer diameter of B bottleneck are machined out respectively, and process bottle outlet internal screw thread, obtain super large ruler
Very little high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container；
S9, liner cleaning, closes oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S8 with aluminium using horizontal gas bottle liner cleaning machine
The inner cavity of golden liner carries out high pressure water spray cleaning, removes processing pollution object.
5. the manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
In step S1: the three spinning roller mistake of tension in the step S1a is set as 6-12mm away from amount away from the mistake in dextrorotation spin-on process；
Preferably, the cleaning machine in the step S1c is rotary spray cleaning machine or supersonic cleaning machine；
Preferably, the cleaning of the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe is completed using the neutral cleaners for heating 30-45 DEG C；
More preferably, it is water stain that formula drying unit removal remained on surface is stretched in using after the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe cleaning.
6. the manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
S21 carries out reconditioning using outer surface of the cloth abrasive band to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S22 carries out thick reconditioning using inner surface of the Chiba fabric disc to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
S23 carries out refine mill using inner surface of the scouring pad wheel to aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe.
7. the manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Step S3 are as follows: end socket and bottle are carried out to the opening at the aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe both ends using heating closing in spinning machine respectively
The rotary press modelling of mouth, obtains rotary press modelling part B；The rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket and B at direct tube section and direct tube section both ends
End socket；Specifically comprise the following steps:
S31, clamping are carried out in aluminium alloy using Automatic-clamping, the centralising device after the hollow tooling of double fastener mouth split-type and main shaft
The clamping of gallbladder spinning pipe
S32, heating, to being heated to 200-400 DEG C at the spinning to be closed up of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe；
The formed spinning of S33, end socket and bottleneck, using unilateral X straight line, Z straight line and rotation three-dimensional insertion packing closing in spinning machine pair
The aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe heated in step S32 carries out multi-pass closing in spinning；
S34 repeats the operation of step S31, S32, S33 to the other end of aluminium alloy inner container spinning pipe, obtains rotary press modelling part B；
The rotary press modelling part B includes the A end socket and B end socket at direct tube section and direct tube section both ends；
Preferably, the heating in the step S32 carries out burning bright eruption heating using oxygen, propane/LNG.
8. oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in super large
Size high voltage gas cylinder is in aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method:
S4, the processing of bottleneck centre bore carry out the A end socket and B end socket at the both ends rotary press modelling part B obtained in step S3 respectively
The machining of bottleneck centre bore obtains rotary press modelling part C；
S5, curved surface flaw detection carry out closing in quality flaw detection to rotary press modelling part C obtained in step S4, whether examine end socket position
There is the manufacturing deficiency of orange peel, folding；
S6, curved interior surface reconditioning, according to result of detection, using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to the end socket found in step S5
Defect in inner surface carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
Wherein it is preferred to which the step S6 specifically comprises the following steps:
S61, using clamping tooling clamping rotary press modelling part C；
S62, the automatic endoscope system automatic Observation carried using end socket inner surface grinding machine tool judge end socket defect in inner surface feelings
Condition records corresponding position, and combines artificial confirmation；
S63, using the end socket inner mold face slot trimming mechanism of end socket inner surface grinding machine tool to the end socket inner surface found in step S5
Defect carries out reconditioning, obtains up-to-standard rotary press modelling part C；
Preferably, the clamping tooling of the rotary press modelling part C is the hollow clamping tooling of split-type；
Preferably, end socket inner mold face reconditioning is numerical control automatic grinding mechanism, programmable to independently execute.
9. the manufacturing method of oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that described
Step S7 includes the following steps:
S71, clamping, using the equidistant clamping rotary press modelling part C of the dedicated heat treatment tooling of multiple split-types；
S72, quenching treatment, is put into glowing furnace for the rotary press modelling part C of clamping in step S71 and is quenched, will be spun into
Type part C is heated to 525-531 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 2-4 hours in 525-531 DEG C of environment, and then rotary press modelling part C quenches
Fire；
Quenched rotary press modelling part C is transferred to aging furnace and carries out ageing treatment, finally in 160-200 by S73, ageing treatment
6-10 hours are kept the temperature in DEG C environment, oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container base is made；
Preferably, the quenching and timeliness are heat-treated using horizontal continuous quenching, aging furnace.
10. oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container manufacturing method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Step S8 specifically comprises the following steps:
S81, using multiple split-types being fixed on platen from clamping device clamping high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container
Base；
S82, bottleneck machining, uses oversize high pressure gas cylinder obtained in step S6 using dedicated overlength bottleneck machining center
The A bottleneck of aluminium alloy inner container base and outer diameter, internal diameter and the bottleneck internal screw thread of B bottleneck carry out High-speed machining, obtain oversize height
Length, the outer diameter and inner diameter size of air bottle aluminium alloy inner container, the A bottleneck and B bottleneck be 40mm, 50mm,
28mm。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811601577.2A CN109578800B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Aluminum alloy liner for oversized high-pressure gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811601577.2A CN109578800B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Aluminum alloy liner for oversized high-pressure gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109578800A true CN109578800A (en) | 2019-04-05 |
| CN109578800B CN109578800B (en) | 2020-06-23 |
Family
ID=65931911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811601577.2A Active CN109578800B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Aluminum alloy liner for oversized high-pressure gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109578800B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113883408A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-04 | 海鹰空天材料研究院(苏州)有限责任公司 | Ultrahigh-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder with aluminum alloy inner container and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113883410A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-04 | 海鹰空天材料研究院(苏州)有限责任公司 | Oversized aluminum alloy inner container high-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114183686A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-15 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Full-winding seamless aluminum alloy inner container of high-pressure gas cylinder and forming and processing method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201032051Y (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-03-05 | 曾建军 | Composite material reinforced high-capacity high pressure air storage tank |
| CN101879563A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 中材科技（苏州）有限公司 | Liner end enclosure molding process of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder |
| CN101885137A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-11-17 | 北京天海工业有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum liner of vehicular composite cylinder |
| US20110210516A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Dynetek Industries Ltd. | Anti-extrusion sealing system for the outlet of a plastic-lined compressed gas cylinder |
| CN202834718U (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2013-03-27 | 中油通用鲁西天然气装备有限公司 | Large-capacity steel seamless gas cylinder |
| CN107246548A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-10-13 | 上海氦格复合材料科技有限公司 | A kind of high pressure fire fighting winds composite cylinder entirely with respirator fibre reinforced aluminum liner |
-
2018
- 2018-12-26 CN CN201811601577.2A patent/CN109578800B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201032051Y (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-03-05 | 曾建军 | Composite material reinforced high-capacity high pressure air storage tank |
| US20110210516A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Dynetek Industries Ltd. | Anti-extrusion sealing system for the outlet of a plastic-lined compressed gas cylinder |
| CN101879563A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 中材科技（苏州）有限公司 | Liner end enclosure molding process of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder |
| CN101885137A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-11-17 | 北京天海工业有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum liner of vehicular composite cylinder |
| CN202834718U (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2013-03-27 | 中油通用鲁西天然气装备有限公司 | Large-capacity steel seamless gas cylinder |
| CN107246548A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-10-13 | 上海氦格复合材料科技有限公司 | A kind of high pressure fire fighting winds composite cylinder entirely with respirator fibre reinforced aluminum liner |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113883408A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-04 | 海鹰空天材料研究院(苏州)有限责任公司 | Ultrahigh-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder with aluminum alloy inner container and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113883410A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-04 | 海鹰空天材料研究院(苏州)有限责任公司 | Oversized aluminum alloy inner container high-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114183686A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-15 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Full-winding seamless aluminum alloy inner container of high-pressure gas cylinder and forming and processing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109578800B (en) | 2020-06-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109595462A (en) | Double-seal head oversize super-pressure cylinder liner and its manufacturing method | |
| CN109668051A (en) | Large-scale ultrahigh pressure cylinder liner and its manufacturing method | |
| CN109578799A (en) | Large-scale High-Pressure storage and transportation cylinder liner and its manufacturing method | |
| CN109578800A (en) | Oversize high pressure gas cylinder aluminium alloy inner container and its manufacturing method | |
| CN105605415B (en) | Big volume winds the processing technology of high-pressure hydrogen storage entirely | |
| CN109630862B (en) | Method for manufacturing inner container of double-sealing-head high-pressure gas cylinder | |
| CN109469817B (en) | High-pressure gas cylinder aluminum alloy liner with one end sealed and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN109630863B (en) | Ultrahigh-pressure gas cylinder liner with end sockets at two ends and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102489952B (en) | Method for manufacturing titanium alloy thick-wall pressure-resistant cylinder body | |
| CN101187441A (en) | Method for manufacturing ultrahigh pressure hydrogen cylinder | |
| CN103437913B (en) | A kind of carbon fiber composite Metal diaphragm tank and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN112372238A (en) | High-pressure ultrahigh-pressure hydrogen storage bottle type container and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN114183686B (en) | Full-winding high-pressure gas cylinder seamless aluminum alloy liner and forming and processing method thereof | |
| CN105921544A (en) | Hot-processing production system for titanium and titanium alloy seamless tube, product prepared on basis of system and manufacture method for product | |
| CN109578801A (en) | A kind of super-pressure cylinder liner and its manufacturing method | |
| CN106112389A (en) | A kind of bimetallic clad steel plate elbow method of manufacturing technology | |
| CN113898869A (en) | Ultrahigh-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder with aluminum alloy liner with one end sealed and bottom and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN113883408A (en) | Ultrahigh-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder with aluminum alloy inner container and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN105140085B (en) | A kind of processing technology of glass lamp | |
| CN113432030A (en) | Method for manufacturing bottle type container with stainless steel liner and carbon fiber wound completely | |
| CN203594528U (en) | Carbon fiber composite metal film storage box | |
| CN105772992A (en) | Novel aluminum alloy welding wire preparation method | |
| CN103464459A (en) | Method for manufacturing titanium alloy U-shaped material | |
| CN113883407A (en) | Large aluminum alloy inner container ultrahigh-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder with one end sealed and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN113883410A (en) | Oversized aluminum alloy inner container high-pressure fully-wound gas cylinder and manufacturing method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |