CN109570639B - Method for improving gear contact surface qualification rate - Google Patents
Method for improving gear contact surface qualification rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109570639B CN109570639B CN201811522204.6A CN201811522204A CN109570639B CN 109570639 B CN109570639 B CN 109570639B CN 201811522204 A CN201811522204 A CN 201811522204A CN 109570639 B CN109570639 B CN 109570639B
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- surface profile
- gears
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear Processing (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the qualification rate of a gear contact surface, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a gear with qualified gear meshing quality to perform tooth surface profile measurement, wherein a measurement result is a standard value; s2, selecting a gear with unqualified meshing quality to perform tooth surface profile measurement, comparing the tooth surface profile measurement with a standard value to obtain an error value, and calculating to obtain a parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool; s3, adjusting the gear grinding machine according to the parameter adjustment value; s4, selecting a gear with unqualified meshing quality to carry out a gear grinding and gear shaping process; s5, measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear after the modification, comparing the tooth surface profile with a standard value, judging that the gear meshing quality is qualified if the tooth surface profile is within an error range, and entering the step S6; otherwise, unqualified, and the step S2 is returned to; s6, carrying out the step S4 gear shaping process on the residual gears to be shaped in batch. The method can effectively control the contact surface of the gear to be in a qualified range, and the gear surface quality qualified rate of the gear obtained by production is high without influencing the production efficiency by using the method in the gear processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gear manufacturing, in particular to a method for improving the qualification rate of a gear contact surface.
Background
The existing gear is generally manufactured through the working procedures of forging, rough turning, finish turning, hobbing or shaving, carburizing, quenching, tempering and the like, and the gear can deform after being quenched and tempered through heat treatment in the machining process, so that the contact surface is unqualified and the waste rate is high.
For the situation, the existing common methods have two types, namely directly treating the waste as unqualified products; the second is to perform a grinding repair process after the heat treatment.
The second processing method is that how much grinding is needed when the gear is repaired, and how grinding is needed depends on experience values of operators; however, the adjustment amount of the gears subjected to heat treatment of different batches can be changed correspondingly, and even an operator with abundant experience can not repair the gears in short time. Therefore, the contact surface qualification rate is not high after the repair, and the repair efficiency is low.
In the prior art, a method for effectively controlling a contact surface to be in a qualified range is not found for a while.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the gear is deformed after being quenched and tempered by heat treatment in the machining process in the prior art, so that the contact surface is unqualified, the waste loss rate is high and the like, the invention aims to provide the method for effectively controlling the contact surface of the gear to be in the qualified range.
The invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
a process method for improving gear meshing precision specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, calibration: after or before the gear is subjected to the heat treatment processing technology, judging whether the meshing quality of the gear is qualified or not by adopting a manual rolling inspection mode; selecting a plurality of gears with qualified gear engagement quality to perform tooth surface profile measurement, taking the measurement result as a standard value, and taking the rest gears as the gears to be repaired;
s2, parameter adjustment: selecting a gear with unqualified meshing quality from the gears to be modified in the step S1 to perform tooth surface profile measurement, comparing the gear with the standard value obtained by calibration in the step S1 to obtain an error value, and calculating according to the error value to obtain a parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool;
s3, adjusting the gear grinding machine: adjusting the gear grinding machine according to the gear grinding machine parameter adjustment value obtained in the step S2;
s4, gear modification: selecting the gear with unqualified meshing quality in the gear to be modified in the step S1 to carry out the gear grinding and gear modification process;
s5, verifying the shape modification effect after adjustment: measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear subjected to the gear reshaping in the step S4, comparing the measured tooth surface profile with the standard value obtained by calibrating in the step S1, judging that the gear meshing quality is qualified if the measured tooth surface profile is within the error range, and entering the step S6; otherwise, the step is unqualified, and the step returns to the step S2 to adjust the parameters again;
s6, grinding and shaping in batches: and step S4 gear shaping process is carried out on the gear to be shaped left in the step S1 calibration process in batch.
Preferably, the manual rolling inspection method of the invention specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) coating colors on the tooth surfaces of the gear, and judging whether the meshing quality reaches the standard or not according to the color depth and the position after meshing.
Preferably, the tooth surface profile measurement is performed on the gear using the measurement center of the us grisson. It is further preferable to perform tooth surface 45 point measurement on the gear to be measured.
Preferably, the gear of the invention is the same batch of gears before or after the heat treatment process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the gear machining process, the method for improving the qualification rate of the gear contact surface can effectively control the gear contact surface to be in a qualified range without influencing the existing gear production process, the qualified rate of the produced gear tooth surface is high, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
(2) In the existing production, the gear modification depends on the experience value of an operator too much; however, the adjustment amount of gears before or after heat treatment in different batches is changed correspondingly, so that even an operator with abundant experience cannot repair the gears within a short time, the qualified rate of the contact surface after repair is not high, and the repair efficiency is low. The method only needs to manually adjust the gear grinding machine tool after obtaining the parameter adjustment value, and then the gear grinding machine tool is automatically operated by machinery, so that the tooth surface quality qualification rate after the repair is high, and the repair efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the qualification rate of a gear contact surface, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calibration: after or before the gear is subjected to the heat treatment processing technology, judging whether the meshing quality of the gear is qualified or not by adopting a manual rolling inspection mode; selecting a plurality of gears with qualified gear engagement quality to perform tooth surface profile measurement, taking the measurement result as a standard value, and taking the rest gears as gears to be modified;
wherein, the manual rolling inspection mode specifically is: coating colors on the tooth surfaces of the gears, meshing, and judging whether the meshing quality reaches the standard or not according to the color depth and the positions of the teeth;
s2, parameter adjustment: selecting a gear with unqualified meshing quality from the gears to be modified in the step S1 to perform tooth surface profile measurement, comparing the gear with the standard value obtained by calibration in the step S1 to obtain an error value, and calculating according to the error value to obtain a parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool;
s3, adjusting the gear grinding machine: adjusting the gear grinding machine according to the gear grinding machine parameter adjustment value obtained in the step S2;
s4, gear modification: selecting the gear with unqualified meshing quality in the gear to be modified in the step S1 to carry out the gear grinding and gear modification process;
s5, verifying the shape modification effect after adjustment: measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear subjected to the gear reshaping in the step S4, comparing the measured tooth surface profile with the standard value obtained by calibrating in the step S1, judging that the gear meshing quality is qualified if the measured tooth surface profile is within the error range, and entering the step S6; otherwise, the step is unqualified, and the step returns to the step S2 to adjust the parameters again;
s6, grinding and shaping in batches: and step S4 gear shaping process is carried out on the gear to be shaped left in the step S1 calibration process in batch.
In the embodiment, the tooth surface profile measurement is carried out on the gear by adopting the measurement center of the American Grasson, and the tooth surface 45-point measurement is carried out on the gear to be measured.
The method for improving the percent of pass of the contact surface of the gear is suitable for the same batch of gears before or after heat treatment.
After the gear measurement center of the embodiment finishes 45-point measurement of the tooth surface, the deviation between the actually processed tooth surface and the theoretical tooth surface is expressed by Δ ai (i is 1-45), and the relationship between the machine tool adjustment parameters (including the tool inclination angle b, the tool rotation angle c, the horizontal wheel position H, the bed position s, the machine tool installation angle f, the roll ratio r, the vertical wheel position E and the radial tool position X) and Δ ai can be expressed by the following equation set:
in the formula, Δ a1 to Δ a45 are deviation values of the theoretical tooth surface and the actual tooth surface, and are expressed as: step S1 selects a standard value obtained by measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear with qualified gear engagement quality as a theoretical tooth surface parameter value, step S2 selects a value obtained by measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear with unqualified gear engagement quality in the step S1 as an actual tooth surface parameter value, and the value is known after detection is carried out by the measuring center of the American Gleason. Δ b, Δ c, Δ h, Δ s, Δ f, Δ r, Δ E, Δ X are machine tool adjustment parameters, and the matrix (m)11To m845) Is a sensitivity matrix of a theoretical tooth surface, which in this embodiment is represented as: step S1 selects a tooth surface of a gear having a gear mesh quality that is acceptable, and the value is known after the detection by the measurement center of the gleason, usa. The variables of the equation set are machine tool adjustment parameters, the number of the variables is 8, the equation set is 45, the sum of squares of 45 points of the tooth surface error delta a is minimized by using a least square method, the optimal parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool is obtained, and then the gear grinding machine is adjusted according to the optimal parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool obtained through calculation in the step.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the qualification rate of a gear contact surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calibration: after or before the gear is subjected to the heat treatment processing technology, judging whether the meshing quality of the gear is qualified or not by adopting a manual rolling inspection mode; selecting a plurality of gears with qualified gear engagement quality to perform tooth surface profile measurement, taking the measurement result as a standard value, and taking the rest gears as gears to be modified;
s2, parameter adjustment: selecting a gear with unqualified meshing quality from the gears to be modified in the step S1 to perform tooth surface profile measurement, comparing the gear with the standard value obtained by calibration in the step S1 to obtain an error value, and calculating according to the error value to obtain a parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool;
measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear; measuring the tooth surface 45 points of the measured gear; after the 45-point measurement of the tooth surface is completed, the deviation between the actually processed tooth surface and the theoretical tooth surface is expressed by delta ai, and the parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein, delta a 1-delta a45 are deviation values of a actually processed tooth surface and a theoretical tooth surface, b is a tool inclination angle, c is a tool turning angle, H is a horizontal wheel position, s is a lathe position, f is a machine tool mounting angle, r is a roll ratio, E is a vertical wheel position, and X is a radial tool position; Δ b, Δ c, Δ H, Δ s, Δ f, Δ r, Δ E, Δ X are machine tool adjustment parameters, and the matrices m11 to m845 are sensitivity matrices of theoretical tooth surfaces;
the method comprises the steps of minimizing the sum of squares of 45 points from delta a1 to delta a45 by using a least square method to obtain an optimal parameter adjustment value of the gear grinding machine tool;
s3, adjusting the gear grinding machine: adjusting the gear grinding machine according to the gear grinding machine parameter adjustment value obtained in the step S2;
s4, gear modification: selecting the gear with unqualified meshing quality in the gear to be modified in the step S1 to carry out the gear grinding and gear modification process;
s5, verifying the shape modification effect after adjustment: measuring the tooth surface profile of the gear subjected to the gear reshaping in the step S4, comparing the measured tooth surface profile with the standard value obtained by calibrating in the step S1, judging that the gear meshing quality is qualified if the measured tooth surface profile is within the error range, and entering the step S6; otherwise, the step is unqualified, and the step returns to the step S2 to adjust the parameters again;
s6, grinding and shaping in batches: and step S4 gear shaping process is carried out on the gear to be shaped left in the step S1 calibration process in batch.
2. The method for improving the qualification rate of the gear contact surface according to claim 1, wherein the manual rolling inspection method specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) coating colors on the tooth surfaces of the gear, and judging whether the meshing quality reaches the standard or not according to the color depth and the position after meshing.
3. The method for improving the qualification rate of the gear contact surface of claim 2, wherein the gears are the same batch of gears before or after the heat treatment process.
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| CN201811522204.6A CN109570639B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Method for improving gear contact surface qualification rate |
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| CN111736525A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-02 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating abnormal wear of spiral bevel gear |
| CN111975130A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-24 | 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 | Method for grinding spiral bevel gear by full tooth surface |
| CN113458508A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-01 | 四川建安工业有限责任公司 | Hypoid gear tooth form control method |
| CN114083059B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-10-13 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | High-precision gear machining method |
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| DE3734828C1 (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-01-12 | Hurth Masch Zahnrad Carl | Process for partially rolling gear wheels and a suitable machine for it |
| CN101518840A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2009-09-02 | 宜昌长机科技有限责任公司 | Numerical control gear shaping error compensation and gear profile modification method |
| CN102728646B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆理工大学 | Control method for tooth shape size precision of cold forming straight bevel gear |
| CN107992698B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2021-03-16 | 长安大学 | Tooth surface contact analysis method for spiral bevel gear |
| CN108181318B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-02-19 | 安徽星瑞齿轮传动有限公司 | Processing and application method of tooth direction asymmetric modification measuring gear |
| CN108488353B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-06-04 | 上汽通用汽车有限公司 | Shape modification method for straight bevel gear |
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