CN109569236A - A kind of electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy - Google Patents

A kind of electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109569236A
CN109569236A CN201811457197.6A CN201811457197A CN109569236A CN 109569236 A CN109569236 A CN 109569236A CN 201811457197 A CN201811457197 A CN 201811457197A CN 109569236 A CN109569236 A CN 109569236A
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China
Prior art keywords
tail gas
rare earth
electrolysis
alloy
environmentally protective
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CN201811457197.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
栾文洲
颜浩
曾佳
韩立国
周林
逄増栋
邓之金
杨桂林
严俊
夏爽
郭礼伟
朱清逸
肖银
徐建林
王霞
游芳
文涛
何继谋
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Leshan Research Rare Earth New Material Co Ltd
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Leshan Research Rare Earth New Material Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811457197.6A priority Critical patent/CN109569236A/en
Publication of CN109569236A publication Critical patent/CN109569236A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D50/00Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/40Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D47/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68Halogens or halogen compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/34Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/60Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/602Oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and the electrolysis tail gas absorption methods of alloy, belong to electrolysis tail gas disposal technique field, comprising: (1) remove particulate matter;(2) spray-absorption fluoro-gas;(3) solid-state rare earth oxide or rare-earth hydroxide absorb fluorinated tail gas;The present invention replaces limewash or sodium hydrate aqueous solution to carry out absorption processing to electrolysis tail gas using rare earth oxide, reduce the harmful substance in tail gas, the rare earth fluoride of generation is after post treatment, it can be used as electrolysis raw material to be added in electrolytic furnace, realize recycling for electrolysis vent gas treatment product.

Description

A kind of electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy
Technical field
The invention belongs to be electrolysed tail gas disposal technique field, more particularly to a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal And the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of alloy.
Background technique
Rare earth is important strategic resource, is known as the good reputation of " industrial monosodium glutamate ".Rare earth element is highly active metal, It is difficult to be extract from its compound with general method under usual conditions.In industrial production mainly using fused salt electrolysis process and The method of metallothermic reduction produces rare earth metal or its alloy by the oxide, fluoride and chloride of rare earth.Currently, fused salt is electric Solution is widely used to large-scale production rare earth metal.
Preparation through Fluoride System in Fused-salt Electrolysis technology is to prepare the common method of light rare earth metal.The technology in electrolytic process Anode can generate fluorinated tail gas, and fluorinated tail gas is that pernicious gas need after treatment could qualified discharge.Existing technology is to use Limewash or sodium hydrate aqueous solution carry out absorption processing, absorb in the product of generation containing dangerous solid waste;And caustic wash tower In lye mutability it is at acid solution and gradually supersaturated, at this moment absorptivity decline causes to absorb not exclusively and give off fluorination hydrogen Body causes environmental pollution, while being electrolysed vent gas treatment product and can not continue to use in production, need additional process flow and Processing cost is handled.
Summary of the invention
Invention describes a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and the electrolysis tail gas absorption methods of alloy, can change It is apt in place of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following methods:
The electrolysis tail gas absorption method of a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy, steps are as follows:
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, further settles tail gas Particulate matter in one, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas Two.
Further, further include step S3, solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler and are set to row In Gas chimney, tail gas two is discharged into exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates Rare earth fluoride solid.
Further, further include step S4, after producing a cycle, the filler in chimney is replaced.
Further, further include step S5, recovered liquid is subjected to filters pressing, drying and washing, forms rare earth fluoride solid.
Further, further include step S6, be added to electrolysis for rare earth fluoride solid in S2 and S4 as electrolysis raw material In furnace.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 0~60 DEG C.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 25~40 DEG C.
Preferably, the rare earth oxide is La2O3、Pr7O11、Ce2O3、Nd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、 Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、YO3And Sc2O3One or more of combination.
Preferably, the rare earth oxide is La2O3Or Nd2O3Or La2O3And Nd2O3Composite oxides.
Main component in the electrolysis tail gas of molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy is CO2, fluoro-gas and a small amount of fluorination Composition granule.Wherein fluoride particles pass through cyclone dust removal, largely settle down, small part enters eluting column with gas In, it settles down by spray.Fluoro-gas and CO2Rare earth fluoride can be generated with rare earth oxide reactant aqueous solution and carbonic acid is dilute Soil, reaction equation are as follows:
RE(OH)3+3HF→REF3↓+3H2O
2RE(OH)3+3CO2→RE2(CO3)3↓+3H2O
4RE(OH)3+3CF4→4REF3↓+6H2O+3CO2
The present invention is using rare earth aqueous slkali as absorbing medium, and compared to acid solution, absorption efficiency is higher;Utilize rare earth oxygen Compound replaces limewash or sodium hydrate aqueous solution to carry out absorption processing to electrolysis tail gas, generates rare earth fluoride.
The post-treated raw material that can be used as of above-mentioned rare earth fluoride is applied directly in molten-salt electrolysis system, improves resource Utilization rate reduces production cost.
It can also be placed in exhaust chimney using solid rare earth oxide or hydroxide as filler simultaneously, further Remaining fluorinated tail gas is absorbed, reaches the fluorinated volume reduced in electrolysis tail gas, realizes the purpose of environmentally protective electrolysis.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the invention.
Rare earth oxide used in embodiment are as follows: La2O3、Pr7O11、Ce2O3、Nd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、 Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、YO3And Sc2O3One or more of combination.
Rare-earth hydroxide used are as follows: above-mentioned rare earth oxide reacts the rare-earth hydroxide generated, reaction side with water Formula is as follows:
RE2O3+3H2O→2RE(OH)3
The preparation method of rare-earth hydroxide powder is: by above-mentioned rare-earth hydroxide at 30~250 DEG C heating and thermal insulation 1 To 8 hours, rare-earth hydroxide powder can be obtained.
Embodiment one
The electrolysis tail gas absorption method of a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy, steps are as follows:
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, the reaction in eluting column Temperature control at 25 DEG C, further settle tail gas one in particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates Rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two.
Main component in the electrolysis tail gas of molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy is CO2, fluoro-gas and a small amount of fluorination Composition granule.Wherein fluoride particles pass through cyclone dust removal, largely settle down, small part enters eluting column with gas In, it settles down by spray.Fluoro-gas and CO2Rare earth fluoride can be generated with rare earth oxide reactant aqueous solution and carbonic acid is dilute Soil, reaction equation are as follows:
RE(OH)3+3HF→REF3↓+3H2O
2RE(OH)3+3CO2→RE2(CO3)3↓+3H2O
4RE(OH)3+3CF4→4REF3↓+6H2O+3CO2
Embodiment two
The present embodiment includes all the elements of embodiment one, specifically: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 40 DEG C.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment includes all the elements of embodiment one, specifically: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 0 DEG C.
Example IV
The present embodiment includes all the elements of embodiment one, specifically: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 60 DEG C.
Embodiment five
The present embodiment includes all the elements of embodiment one, specifically: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 30 DEG C.
Embodiment six
The present embodiment includes all the elements of embodiment one, specifically: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 32 DEG C.
Embodiment seven
The electrolysis tail gas absorption method of a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy, steps are as follows:
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, the reaction in eluting column Temperature control at 26 DEG C, further settle tail gas one in particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates Rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two;
S3. solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler in exhaust chimney, by two row of tail gas Enter in exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates rare earth fluoride solid, reaction Equation is as follows:
RE2O3(Gu)+6HF (gas) → 2REF3+3H2O
RE(OH)3(Gu)+3HF (gas) → REF3+3H2O
Embodiment eight
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, the reaction in eluting column Temperature control at 35 DEG C, further settle tail gas one in particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates Rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two;
S3. solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler in exhaust chimney, by two row of tail gas Enter in exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates rare earth fluoride solid;
S4. after producing a cycle, the filler in chimney is replaced, to guarantee absorption of the filler to fluoro-gas Ability.
Embodiment nine
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, the reaction in eluting column Temperature control at 28 DEG C, further settle tail gas one in particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates Rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two;
S3. solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler in exhaust chimney, by two row of tail gas Enter in exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates rare earth fluoride solid;
S4. after producing a cycle, the filler in chimney is replaced, to guarantee absorption of the filler to fluoro-gas Ability;
S5. recovered liquid is subjected to filters pressing, drying and washing, forms rare earth fluoride solid.
Embodiment ten
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, the reaction in eluting column Temperature control at 40 DEG C, further settle tail gas one in particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates Rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two;
S3. solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler in exhaust chimney, by two row of tail gas Enter in exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates rare earth fluoride solid;
S4. after producing a cycle, the filler in chimney is replaced, to guarantee absorption of the filler to fluoro-gas Ability;
S5. recovered liquid is subjected to filters pressing, drying and washing, forms rare earth fluoride solid;
S6. it is added to the rare earth fluoride solid in S2 and S5 as electrolysis raw material in electrolytic furnace.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (9)

1. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of a kind of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy, it is characterised in that: step is such as Under:
S1. electrolysis tail gas is discharged into cyclone dust collector, Fluoride Factors in Tail Gas particle is removed, form tail gas one;
S2. tail gas one is discharged into eluting column, sprays tail gas one using the aqueous solution of rare earth oxide, further settles in tail gas one Particulate matter, and with the fluoro-gas and CO in tail gas one2Reaction generates rare earth fluoride precipitating, forms recovered liquid and tail gas two.
2. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 1 and alloy, It is characterized in that: further including step S3, solid-state rare earth oxide or solid-state rare-earth hydroxide are made into filler in exhaust chimney, Tail gas two is discharged into exhaust chimney, the fluoro-gas in tail gas two is further absorbed, reaction generates rare earth fluorination Object solid.
3. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 2 and alloy, It is characterized in that: further including step S4, after producing a cycle, the filler in chimney is replaced.
4. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 3 and alloy, It is characterized in that: further including step S5, recovered liquid is subjected to filters pressing, drying and washing, forms rare earth fluoride solid.
5. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 4 and alloy, It is characterized in that: further including step S6, be added to rare earth fluoride solid in S2 and S4 as electrolysis raw material in electrolytic furnace.
6. the electrolysis tail of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 and alloy Aspiration receiving method, it is characterised in that: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 0~60 DEG C.
7. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 6 and alloy, Be characterized in that: the reaction temperature in eluting column is controlled at 25~40 DEG C.
8. the electrolysis tail of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 and alloy Aspiration receiving method, it is characterised in that: the rare earth oxide is La2O3、Pr7O11、Ce2O3、Nd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、 Gd2O3、Tb4O7、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3、YO3And Sc2O3One or more of combination.
9. the electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal according to claim 8 and alloy, Be characterized in that: the rare earth oxide is La2O3Or Nd2O3Or La2O3And Nd2O3Composite oxides.
CN201811457197.6A 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 A kind of electrolysis tail gas absorption method of environmentally protective molten-salt electrolysis rare earth metal and alloy Pending CN109569236A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0336591B2 (en) * 1986-06-16 1991-05-31 Asahi Engineering
EP0191893B1 (en) * 1985-02-21 1991-11-06 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for adsorption treatment of dissolved fluorine
CN205517150U (en) * 2016-04-14 2016-08-31 赣州三友稀土新材料有限公司 Electrolysis rare earth metal tail gas processing apparatus
CN108654347A (en) * 2018-04-17 2018-10-16 江苏金石稀土有限公司 A kind of method that fluoride system electrolysis rare earth waste gas recovery utilizes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191893B1 (en) * 1985-02-21 1991-11-06 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for adsorption treatment of dissolved fluorine
JPH0336591B2 (en) * 1986-06-16 1991-05-31 Asahi Engineering
CN205517150U (en) * 2016-04-14 2016-08-31 赣州三友稀土新材料有限公司 Electrolysis rare earth metal tail gas processing apparatus
CN108654347A (en) * 2018-04-17 2018-10-16 江苏金石稀土有限公司 A kind of method that fluoride system electrolysis rare earth waste gas recovery utilizes

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Application publication date: 20190405